Pausanias Analysis

Passage 3.4.8

← 3.4.7 3.4.9 →

Passage 3.4.8: Trachinian betrayal enables Persians to outflank Leonidas at Thermopylae.

Historical Non-skeptical

Greek Text

Ξέρξῃ γὰρ βασιλέων, ὁπόσοι Μήδοις καὶ Πέρσαις ἐγένοντο ὕστερον, παρασχομένῳ μέγιστον φρόνημα καὶ ἀποδειξαμένῳ λαμπρὰ οὕτω, κατὰ τὴν πορείαν Λεωνίδας σὺν ὀλίγοις, οὓς ἠγάγετο ἐς Θερμοπύλας, ἐγένετο ἂν ἐμποδὼν μηδὲ ἀρχὴν τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἰδεῖν αὐτὸν μηδὲ Ἀθηναίων ποτὲ ἐμπρῆσαι τὴν πόλιν, εἰ μὴ κατὰ τὴν ἀτραπὸν τὴν διὰ τῆς Οἴτης τείνουσαν περιαγαγὼν τὴν μετὰ Ὑδάρνου στρατιὰν ὁ Τραχίνιος κυκλώσασθαί σφισι τοὺς Ἕλληνας παρέσχε καὶ οὕτω κατεργασθέντος Λεωνίδου παρῆλθον ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα οἱ βάρβαροι.

English Translation

For Xerxes, whose pride exceeded that of all kings who subsequently ruled the Medes and the Persians, and whose exploits displayed such remarkable brilliance, Leonidas, with the small band he led to Thermopylae, would have effectively barred his march, preventing him from even seeing Greece at all or ever setting fire to the city of the Athenians—if only the Trachinian had not guided the troops led by Hydarnes along the narrow path running through Oeta, thus enabling the Persians to encircle the Greeks and thereby overcome Leonidas, after whose defeat the barbarians gained entrance into Greece.

Proper Nouns

Medes (Μῆδοι) other
Persians (Πέρσαι) other
Athenians (Ἀθηναῖοι) other
Leonidas (Λεωνίδας) person
Xerxes (Ξέρξης) person
Trachinian (Τραχίνιος) person
Hydarnes (Ὑδάρνης) person
Also in: 10.22.8
Thermopylae (Θερμοπύλαι) place Q194450 Pleiades
Oeta (Οἴτη) place Q132378
Hellas (Ἑλλάς) place Q7798
← 3.4.7 3.4.9 →