Sentences where the two classifiers disagree
| Passage | Sentence | Original | Greta-inspired | Greek | English | Greta-inspired rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1.5 | 2 | historical | mythic | ἐβασίλευσαν δὲ καὶ οἱ Τυνδάρεω παῖδες καὶ Μενέλαος ὁ Ἀτρέως Τυνδάρεω γαμβρὸς ὢν Ὀρέστης τε Ἑρμιόνῃ τῇ Μενελάου συνοικῶν. | The sons of Tyndareus also ruled, as well as Menelaus the son of Atreus, Tyndareus' son-in-law; and Orestes, who was wedded to Hermione, daughter of Menelaus. | The sentence asserts that Tyndareus' sons, Menelaus, and Orestes ruled; these are mythic/heroic figures and the claim is about their rule and marriages within heroic genealogy. |
| 3.1.6 | 4 | historical | both | ὁ δὲ ἀληθέστερος ἔχει λόγος Πυλάδου τοὺς παῖδας καὶ Ἠλέκτρας, ἀνεψιοὺς ὄντας Τισαμενῷ τῷ Ὀρέστου, φονεῦσαι τὸν Ἀριστόδημον. | The more truthful account, however, maintains that the sons of Pylades and Elektra, cousins of Tisamenus son of Orestes, killed Aristodemus. | Mentions mythic figures Pylades, Electra, Orestes, and Tisamenus, but the sentence itself asserts a killing of Aristodemus, a post-heroic historical figure/event. |
| 3.1.7 | 3 | historical | mythic | τὴν δὲ ἀποικίαν ὁ Θήρας ἔστελλεν ἐς τὴν νῆσον τὴν τότε ὀνομαζομένην Καλλίστην, τοὺς ἀπογόνους οἱ τοῦ Μεμβλιάρου παραχωρήσεσθαι τῆς βασιλείας ἐλπίζων ἑκόντας, ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ἐποίησαν | Theras dispatched the colony to the island then called Calliste, anticipating that the descendants of Membliarus would voluntarily yield the royal rule to him—which indeed they did. | The sentence narrates a foundation/colonization legend involving Theras and the descendants of Membliarus yielding kingship; this is mythic etiological material, not post-500 BCE history. |
| 3.2.1 | 4 | historical | both | συνήραντο δὲ καὶ Γρᾷ τῷ Ἐχέλα τοῦ Πενθίλου τοῦ Ὀρέστου στελλομένῳ ναυσὶν ἐς ἀποικίαν. | They also helped Gras, the son of Echelas, son of Penthilus, son of Orestes, who was sailing out with ships for colonization. | The sentence gives a heroic genealogy from Orestes (mythic) and describes a colonizing expedition (historical/post-classical activity). |
| 3.2.1 | 5 | historical | other | καὶ ὁ μὲν τὴν τῆς Ἰωνίας μεταξὺ καὶ Μυσῶν, καλουμένην δὲ Αἰολίδα ἐφʼ ἡμῶν, καθέξειν ἔμελλεν· | Gras was destined to occupy the region between Ionia and Mysia, known in our day as Aeolis. | This is a geographic/identifying statement about a region's location and later name, not a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.2.1 | 6 | historical | mythic | ὁ δέ οἱ πρόγονος Πενθίλος Λέσβον τὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἠπείρου ταύτης νῆσον εἷλεν ἔτι πρότερον. | Penthilus, his ancestor, had already seized Lesbos, an island opposite this mainland. | The sentence asserts a mythic genealogical claim about Penthilus, an ancestor, and his seizure of Lesbos. |
| 3.2.4 | 2 | mythic | historical | ἔθηκε δὲ καὶ Λυκοῦργος Λακεδαιμονίοις τοὺς νόμους ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀγησιλάου βασιλείας· θεῖναι δὲ αὐτὸν λέγουσιν οἱ μὲν παρὰ τῆς Πυθίας διδαχθέντα ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν, οἱ δὲ ὡς Κρητικὰ ὄντα νόμιμα ἐπαγάγοιτο. | It was during the reign of Agesilaus that Lycurgus established for the Lacedaemonians their laws; some say he enacted these laws after consultation at Delphi with the Pythian Oracle, while others claim that he simply introduced legislation borrowed from Crete. | The sentence asserts Lycurgus established Spartan laws and places this during Agesilaus' reign; that is historical/institutional content. The Delphi/Cretan alternatives are reported explanations, but the sentence itself is about lawgiving, not myth. |
| 3.2.6 | 1 | other | mythic | Ἀρχελάου δὲ ἦν Τήλεκλος· | Teleclus was the son of Archelaus. | Genealogical statement naming Teleclus as the son of Archelaus, a mythic/heroic lineage claim. |
| 3.3.1 | 2 | historical | other | λέγουσι δὲ οὐ τὰς αὐτὰς Λακεδαιμόνιοί τε αἰτίας καὶ Μεσσήνιοι τοῦ πολέμου. | During his reign the Lacedaemonians sent a colony to Italy, the one to Croton, and another colony to the Locri by the promontory of Zephyrium. | This sentence only says the Lacedaemonians and Messenians give different causes for the war; it is a report of differing explanations, not a mythic or historical event itself. |
| 3.3.2 | 1 | historical | other | τὰ οὖν λεγόμενα ὑπʼ αὐτῶν, καὶ ὁποῖον ὁ πόλεμος ἔσχεν οὗτος πέρας, τοῦ λόγου μοι τὰ ἐφεξῆς δηλώσει· | The things said by them, then, and how the war came to an end, the narrative will clearly reveal in due order. | Authorial transition promising to explain what was said and how the war ended; no mythic or historical event is asserted in the sentence itself. |
| 3.3.3 | 3 | historical | other | ἔστι μέντοι καὶ Πολεμάρχου μνῆμα ἐν Σπάρτῃ, εἴτε ἀγαθοῦ τὰ πρότερα ἀνδρὸς εἶναι νομισθέντος εἴτε καὶ κρύφα οἱ προσήκοντες θάπτουσιν αὐτόν. | However, in Sparta there also stands the tomb of Polemarchus himself; whether because the Spartans considered him previously to have been a good man, or because his relatives secretly buried him there. | A bare notice of a tomb’s existence and location, with no mythic or historical event asserted in the sentence itself. |
| 3.3.4 | 1 | historical | both | ἐπὶ μὲν δὴ Εὐρυκράτους τοῦ Πολυδώρου βασιλεύοντος Μεσσήνιοί τε ἠνείχοντο ὑπήκοοι Λακεδαιμονίων ὄντες καὶ παρὰ τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Ἀργείων οὐδέν σφισιν ἀπήντησε νεώτερον· ἐπὶ δὲ Ἀναξάνδρου τοῦ Εὐρυκράτους---τὸ γὰρ χρεὼν ἤδη Μεσσηνίους ἤλαυνεν ἐκτὸς Πελοποννήσου πάσης---ἀφίστανται Λακεδαιμονίων οἱ Μεσσήνιοι. | During the reign of Eurycrates, the son of Polydorus, the Messenians submitted as subjects under the Lacedaemonians, and they experienced no new disturbances originating from the Argive people; but in the reign of Anaxander, the son of Eurycrates—for the fulfillment of destiny now drove the Messenians completely from the Peloponnese—they revolted against the Lacedaemonians. | The sentence names reigns of specific kings and a revolt of the Messenians, which is historical; it also invokes destiny driving the Messenians from the Peloponnese, a mythic/legendary causal claim. |
| 3.3.5 | 2 | historical | other | Ἀναξάνδρου δὲ υἱὸς Εὐρυκράτης γίνεται, Εὐρυκράτους δὲ τοῦ δευτέρου Λέων. | Anaxander had a son named Eurycrates, and this second Eurycrates had a son Leon. | Pure genealogy naming family relations; no mythic deed or historical event is asserted. |
| 3.3.5 | 6 | historical | other | ἀνὴρ Λακεδαιμόνιος Λίχας ὄνομα ἀφίκετο ἐς Τεγέαν· | A certain Lacedaemonian, named Lichas, arrived at Tegea. | A simple arrival notice naming a Lacedaemonian at Tegea; no mythic deed or historical event is asserted. |
| 3.3.6 | 4 | historical | other | πῆμα δὲ εἰκότως ἀνθρώπῳ τὸν σίδηρον, ὅτι ἐχρῶντο ἐς τὰς μάχας ἤδη τῷ σιδήρῳ· | The iron, he reasoned, naturally represented "harm to man," for people had already begun using iron in battles. | Explains a symbolic interpretation of iron based on its use in battles; this is an explanatory comment, not a narration of a mythic or historical event. |
| 3.3.7 | 2 | historical | both | ἀνεῦρε δὲ δὴ τὰ ὀστᾶ τοῦ Θησέως Κίμων ὁ Μιλτιάδου, σοφίᾳ χρησάμενος καὶ οὗτος, καὶ μετʼ οὐ πολὺ εἷλε τὴν Σκῦρον. | Cimon, son of Miltiades, discovered the bones of Theseus by employing cleverness, and soon afterward he succeeded in capturing Scyros. | The sentence asserts a mythic act (Cimon discovering Theseus’ bones) and a historical act (Cimon capturing Scyros). |
| 3.3.8 | 2 | mythic | other | βεβαιοῖ δὲ καὶ ἄλλως μοι τὸν λόγον ἐν Φασήλιδι ἀνακείμενον ἐν Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερῷ τὸ δόρυ Ἀχιλλέως καὶ Νικομηδεῦσιν ἐν Ἀσκληπιοῦ ναῷ μάχαιρα ὁ Μέμνονος· καὶ τοῦ μὲν ἥ τε αἰχμὴ καὶ ὁ σαυρωτήρ, ἡ μάχαιρα δὲ καὶ διὰ πάσης χαλκοῦ πεποίηται. | Furthermore, my assertion is confirmed by the spear of Achilles preserved in the sanctuary of Athena at Phaselis, and the sword of Memnon in the temple of Asclepius among the Nicomedians; the spear-point and butt-spike of the former, and indeed the entire sword, are fashioned entirely of bronze. | The sentence only locates preserved weapons in sanctuaries and describes their material; it does not narrate Achilles or Memnon doing anything. |
| 3.3.9 | 5 | historical | other | καὶ ἥ τε ἐπεισελθοῦσα Κλεομένην παῖδα ἔσχε καὶ ἡ προτέρα τέως οὐ σχοῦσα ἐν γαστρὶ ἐπὶ γεγονότι ἤδη Κλεομένει τίκτει Δωριέα καὶ αὖθις Λεωνίδαν, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖς Κλεόμβροτον. | The second woman he married conceived and bore Cleomenes; shortly afterwards, the first wife, who had previously been barren, herself bore him Dorieus, and later Leonidas, and after them Cleombrotus. | This sentence is a biographical genealogy of Spartan kings, but it only states births within a family and does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.4.1 | 1 | historical | both | Δωριεὺς μὲν δὴ---οὐ γὰρ ἠνείχετο ὑπακούειν Κλεομένει μένων ἐν Λακεδαίμονι---ἐς ἀποικίαν στέλλεται· | Dorieus—since he could not endure to be subject to Cleomenes by remaining in Lacedaemon—departed to establish a colony. | Dorieus is a heroic figure and the sentence narrates his departure to found a colony; it also concerns a historical colonial action and political subordination to Cleomenes. |
| 3.4.1 | 4 | mythic | historical | καὶ ---ἦν γὰρ πλησίον ἄλσος ἱερὸν Ἄργου τοῦ Νιόβης--- καταφεύγουσιν ὡς ἐτράποντο ὅσον τε πεντακισχίλιοι τῶν Ἀργείων ἐς τὸ ἄλσος. | Nearby was a grove sacred to Argos, son of Niobe, and about five thousand of the Argives fled into this grove after their defeat. | The sentence asserts that about five thousand Argives fled into the grove after their defeat, a historical military event; the grove's dedication to Argos is only locational/background. |
| 3.4.5 | 3 | historical | other | Ἀργεῖοι μὲν δὴ τοῖς ἱκέταις τοῦ Ἄργου διδόντα αὐτὸν δίκην τέλος τοῦ βίου φασὶν εὑρέσθαι τοιοῦτον, Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ ὅτι ἐδῄωσε τὴν Ὀργάδα, Δελφοὶ δὲ τῶν δώρων ἕνεκα ὧν τῇ προμάντιδι ἔδωκεν, ἀναπείσας ἐψευσμένα εἰπεῖν ἐς Δημάρατον. | The Argives say his life met such an end because he was thus paying the penalty for the suppliants from Argos; the Athenians say it was because he devastated Orgas; and the Delphians declare it was owing to the gifts he gave the priestess, persuading her to give false oracles about Demaratus. | This sentence reports competing explanations for a person's death and mentions gifts to a priestess and false oracles, but in itself it is an authorial report of claims rather than narrating a mythic deed or a datable historical event. |
| 3.4.6 | 1 | historical | both | εἴη δʼ ἂν καὶ τὰ μηνίματα ἔκ τε ἡρώων ὁμοῦ καὶ θεῶν ἐς τὸ αὐτὸ τῷ Κλεομένει συνεληλυθότα, ἐπεί τοι καὶ ἰδίᾳ Πρωτεσίλαος ἐν Ἐλαιοῦντι οὐδὲν ἥρως Ἄργου φανερώτερος ἄνδρα Πέρσην ἐτιμωρήσατο Ἀρταΰκτην καὶ Μεγαρεῦσιν οὔ ποτε θεῶν τῶν ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι ὄντων ἐξεγένετο ἱλάσασθαι τὸ μήνιμα γῆν ἐπεργασαμένοις τὴν ἱεράν. | Indeed, it may well be that the resentments of heroes and gods alike converged together upon Cleomenes. | The sentence itself links Cleomenes with the wrath of heroes and gods, and names mythic figures (Protesilaus, Eleusinian gods) while also referring to the historical person Cleomenes. |
| 3.4.6 | 2 | mythic | other | τὰ δὲ ἐς τοῦ μαντείου τὴν διάπειραν οὐδὲ τὸ παράπαν ἄλλον γε οὐδένα ὅτι μὴ μόνον Κλεομένην τολμήσαντα ἴσμεν. | Certainly we know that Protesilaus, a hero in Elaeus, who was not more renowned than Argos, individually exacted vengeance upon Artayctes, a Persian, nor did it ever happen for the Megarians to appease the anger of the Eleusinian divinities after they had cultivated sacred ground. | This is an authorial statement about who has attempted the oracle's test; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.4.7 | 3 | historical | both | γεγόνασι μὲν δὴ πόλεμοι καὶ Ἑλλήνων πολλοὶ καὶ ἐς ἀλλήλους βαρβάρων, εὐαρίθμητοι δὲ ὁπόσους ἀνδρὸς ἑνὸς μάλιστα ἀρετὴ προήγαγεν ἐς πλέον δόξης, ὡς Ἀχιλλεύς τε τὸν πρὸς Ἰλίῳ πόλεμον καὶ Μιλτιάδης τὸ Μαραθῶνι ἔργον. | Indeed, there have been many wars among Greeks themselves and also against barbarians, but few can be counted in which the valor of a single man has achieved such high renown, as Achilles in the war against Troy, and Miltiades at Marathon. | The sentence explicitly mentions Achilles and the war at Troy as mythic content, and Miltiades at Marathon as a historical event/person. |
| 3.5.9 | 1 | mythic | both | καὶ ὁ μὲν ὑπὸ τὸ τεῖχος κατεστρατοπεδεύετο ἤδη τὸ Ἀργείων καὶ οὐ παρίει σείων ὁ θεὸς καί τινες καὶ ἀπώλοντο τῶν στρατιωτῶν κεραυνωθέντες, τοὺς δὲ καὶ ἔκφρονας ἐποίησαν αἱ βρονταί. | Already he had encamped beneath the Argive wall, but the god struck him repeatedly with earthquakes, which allowed him no respite; some of his troops perished, struck by lightning, while others were driven out of their minds by the thunder. | The sentence describes a historical military encampment and troops, while also attributing earthquakes, lightning, and divine action to the god. |
| 3.6.3 | 2 | historical | both | τέλος δὲ ὁ μὲν πολλά τε καὶ ἐχθρὰ ἐς τὴν πατρίδα ἐτόλμησε καὶ Πύρρον τὸν Αἰακίδου σφίσιν ἐπηγάγετο ἐς τὴν χώραν· | Despite this, he ultimately dared many hostile actions against his homeland and even brought Pyrrhus, the son of Aeacides, into their territory. | The sentence asserts a mythic/heroic figure, Pyrrhus son of Aeacides, being brought into the territory, and also a historical hostile act against the homeland. |
| 3.6.5 | 2 | historical | other | Λακεδαιμόνιοι μὲν δὴ παρακινδυνεύειν ὥρμηντο Ἀθηναίων τε εὐνοίᾳ καί τι καὶ ἄξιον μνήμης ἐς τοὺς ἔπειτα ἐργάσασθαι προθυμούμενοι· | He claimed that once they had begun the attack, he himself would fall upon the Macedonians from behind. | A strategic statement about the Spartans’ intentions and future reputation; no mythic or post-500 BCE historical event is narrated. |
| 3.6.7 | 2 | historical | other | τῷ δὲ Λεωνίδᾳ διάφορος ἐτύγχανεν ὢν ἐς τὰ μάλιστα Λύσανδρος, ἀπόγονος Λυσάνδρου τοῦ Ἀριστοκρίτου. | Now Leonidas had his greatest enemy in Lysander, a descendant of Lysander the son of Aristocritus. | The sentence is a biographical/genealogical identification of Lysander as Leonidas’ enemy and descendant of another Lysander; it does not itself assert a mythic deed or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 3.6.8 | 2 | historical | other | εἰ μὲν δὴ ὁ Λεωνίδας ἐπέτρεψε τῷ θυμῷ καὶ Δημαράτῳ τῷ Ἀρίστωνος κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἀπεχώρησεν ἤτοι παρὰ τὸν ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ βασιλεύοντα ἢ τὸν Αἰγύπτιον, ὁ δὲ καὶ μεταγνόντων ἂν Σπαρτιατῶν ὤνατο οὐδέν· | Had Leonidas yielded to anger and departed in the same manner as Demaratus son of Ariston, going perhaps to the king in Macedonia or to Egypt, he would have received no benefit, even had the Spartans later regretted their decision. | A hypothetical comparison mentioning Leonidas and Demaratus, but it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event; it is a conditional remark. |
| 3.7.2 | 1 | historical | other | Εὐρυπῶντος δὲ υἱὸς γίνεται Πρύτανις. | The son of Eurypon was Prytanis. | A bare genealogical statement naming Prytanis as Eurypon's son; no mythic deed or historical event is asserted. |
| 3.7.3 | 2 | historical | both | καὶ ἔτεσιν οὐ πολλοῖς ὕστερον ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνι Χαρίλλῳ γίνεται καὶ ἡ Σπαρτιατῶν ἐπὶ Τεγεάτας ἔξοδος, ὅτε οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι Τεγεάτας αἱρήσειν ἤλπισαν καὶ ἀποτεμεῖσθαι τῆς Ἀρκαδίας τὸ Τεγεατῶν πεδίον, ὑπούλῳ μαντεύματι ἐπελθόντες. | A few years afterward, under the command of this same Charillus, the Spartans also undertook a campaign against the Tegeans, when the Lacedaemonians hoped to capture Tegea and cut off the plain of Tegea from Arcadia, trusting in a deceptive oracle. | The sentence reports a Spartan campaign under Charillus, a historical military event, and also mentions a deceptive oracle that guided the action, which is mythic/religious content. |
| 3.7.7 | 1 | mythic | both | Ἀρίστωνι δὲ τῷ Ἀγησικλέους ἀγαγομένῳ γυναῖκα ἥντινα παρθένον μὲν τῶν ἐν Λακεδαίμονι εἶναί φασιν αἰσχίστην, γυναικῶν δὲ τὸ εἶδος καλλίστην ὑπὸ Ἑλένης γενέσθαι, ταύτην ἀγαγομένῳ τῷ Ἀρίστωνι ἐγένετο υἱὸς Δημάρατος ἐν μόνοις μησὶν ἑπτά· | To Ariston son of Agesikles was married a woman who, it is said, among the maidens of Sparta was the most repulsive, yet who became the most beautiful of all women through the intervention of Helen. | The sentence gives Ariston and Demaratus, a historical Spartan king and his son, but also asserts a mythic intervention by Helen transforming the woman's appearance. |
| 3.7.7 | 3 | other | historical | Ἀρίστων δὲ ἐπῶν τῶν ἐν Ἰλιάδι ἐς τὴν Εὐρυσθέως γένεσιν πεποιημένος λήθην ἢ μηδὲ ἀρχὴν συνεὶς αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔφη τῶν μηνῶν ἕνεκα αὑτοῦ τὸν παῖδα εἶναι. | As Ariston was sitting at the time with the ephors in council, a servant arrived, bringing the news that a child had been born to him. | The sentence reports a biographical/historical anecdote about Ariston and his child, not mythic narrative. |
| 3.8.4 | 1 | historical | mythic | τότε μὲν δὴ τοῦ θεοῦ σείσαντος ὀπίσω τὸ στράτευμα ἀπεχώρησεν ἄχρι Ὀλυμπίας καὶ τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ προελθόντες· | At that time, as the god caused an earthquake, the army withdrew back, retreating as far as Olympia and the Alpheios. | The sentence itself attributes the army's retreat to a god causing an earthquake, which is mythic/divine action; it does not assert post-500 BCE historical content. |
| 3.8.9 | 1 | historical | other | τῷ δὲ Ἀγησιλάῳ καὶ Λεωτυχίδῃ παρέσχεν ἐς πλέον τὸ μάντευμα ἀντιλογίαν τὸ ἐκ Δελφῶν, γεγονὸς μὲν ἐκεῖ, ἔχον δὲ οὕτω· | The oracle from Delphi produced even greater controversy between Agesilaus and Leotychides; it had been delivered there and ran as follows: | This sentence only introduces and locates an oracle and says it caused controversy; it does not itself give the oracle's content or narrate a mythic or historical event. |
| 3.8.9 | 2 | historical | other | φράζεο δή, Σπάρτη, καίπερ μεγάλαυχος ἐοῦσα, μὴ σέθεν ἀρτίποδος βλάστῃ χωλὴ βασιλεία. | "Take heed, Sparta, proud though you be, lest from you arise a lame kingship from sound-footed stock." | This is a proverbial warning to Sparta, not a narration of mythic or historical events. |
| 3.8.9 | 3 | mythic | other | δηρὸν γὰρ μόχθοι σε κατασχήσουσιν ἄελπτοι φθερσιβρότου τʼ ἐπὶ κῦμα κυκωόμενον πολέμοιο. | "For long and unexpected hardships shall seize upon you amidst the surging waves of man-destroying war." | This is a prophetic/poetic warning about hardships and war, not a narration of mythic or post-500 BCE historical events. |
| 3.9.3 | 3 | historical | both | Ἀγησίλαος δέ, ὡς αὐτῷ τά τε οἴκοθεν καὶ παρὰ τῶν συμμάχων τὸ στράτευμα ἤθροιστο καὶ ἅμα αἱ νῆες εὐτρεπεῖς ἦσαν, ἀφίκετο ἐς Αὐλίδα τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι θύσων, ὅτι καὶ Ἀγαμέμνων ἐνταῦθα ἱλασάμενος τὴν θεὸν τὸν ἐς Τροίαν στόλον ἤγαγεν. | As soon as Agesilaus had assembled the military forces, both local and those supplied by the allies, and the fleet was ready at the same time, he arrived at Aulis to sacrifice to Artemis, because it was here that Agamemnon had propitiated the goddess before leading his expedition to Troy. | The sentence mentions Agesilaus' historical arrival and military assembly, and also recounts the mythic/heroic precedent of Agamemnon propitiating Artemis before Troy. |
| 3.9.4 | 1 | mythic | both | ἠξίου δὲ ἄρα ὁ Ἀγησίλαος πόλεώς τε εὐδαιμονεστέρας ἢ Ἀγαμέμνων βασιλεὺς εἶναι καὶ ἄρχειν τῆς Ἑλλάδος πάσης ὁμοίως ἐκείνῳ, τό τε κατόρθωμα ἐπιφανέστερον ἔσεσθαι βασιλέα κρατήσαντα Ἀρταξέρξην εὐδαιμονίαν κτήσασθαι τὴν Περσῶν ἢ ἀρχὴν καθελεῖν τὴν Πριάμου. | Agesilaus believed himself worthy both of ruling a richer city than that of king Agamemnon and governing the whole of Greece, just as Agamemnon had done, and that achieving victory over king Artaxerxes and possessing the wealth of the Persians would be an accomplishment more illustrious than overthrowing the empire of Priam. | Compares Agesilaus with Agamemnon and Priam, both mythic figures, while also referring to Artaxerxes and the Persian Empire as historical entities. |
| 3.9.11 | 3 | historical | other | τὰ δὲ ἐπὶ τούτοις ἔς τε τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων ἔξοδον καὶ τὰ ἐς τὴν Λυσάνδρου τελευτὴν ἐδήλωσέ μοι τοῦ λόγου τὰ ἐς Παυσανίαν· | Concerning the events that followed, including the campaign of the Lacedaemonians and the death of Lysander, the details have been presented earlier in my account about Pausanias. | Authorial cross-reference to earlier discussion; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 3.9.13 | 3 | historical | other | Ἀγησίλαος δὲ εἶχε μὲν τραῦμα ἐκ τῆς μάχης, ἐς δὲ τοὺς ἱκέτας παρενόμησεν οὐδʼ οὕτως. | Although Agesilaus had received a wound in the battle, he nevertheless committed no sacrilege against these suppliants. | This is a biographical/moral statement about Agesilaus' conduct in battle, but it does not itself narrate a historical event beyond the generic mention of a wound, nor any mythic content. |
| 3.10.2 | 4 | mythic | other | καὶ---ἦν γὰρ δὴ ἤδη γέρων---τὸν μὲν κατὰ τὴν πορείαν ἐπέλαβεν ἡ μοῖρα· | But during the return journey—since he was now indeed an old man—his destined end overtook him. | This is a narrative death notice ('fate overtook him') without a specific mythic deed or historical event asserted in the sentence itself. |
| 3.10.5 | 4 | historical | other | τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἆγιν τὸν Εὐδαμίδου καὶ ἐς Εὐρυδαμίδαν τὸν Ἄγιδος ὡς ἔσχεν, ἤδη μοι καὶ τάδε ἡ Σικυωνία συγ γραφὴ διεξῄει. | The further events involving Agis, son of Eudamidas, and Eurydamidas, son of Agis, have already been related in my account of Sicyon. | Authorial cross-reference to earlier account; no mythic or historical event is asserted in this sentence itself. |
| 3.10.6 | 3 | mythic | other | τὸ δὲ σκότος οὐ τὸ συνεχὲς τῶν δένδρων ἐποίησεν, ἀλλὰ Ζεὺς ἐπίκλησιν ἔσχε Σκοτίτας. | It is not, however, the dense shade of the trees that gave the spot its name, but rather Zeus received the surname Skotitas ("of Darkness"). | Explains a place-name/surname etiology for Zeus, but as a naming note rather than a narrated mythic deed or historical event. |
| 3.10.7 | 4 | historical | other | ἀναστρέψαντι δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὴν λεωφόρον ἰόντι ἐρείπια Σελλασίας ἐστί· | Turning back and continuing along the highway, one reaches the ruins of Sellasia. | Pure route/topographic note: it says one reaches the ruins of Sellasia while continuing along the highway. |
| 3.11.2 | 1 | other | historical | Λακεδαιμονίων τοῖς Σπάρτην ἔχουσίν ἐστιν ἀγορὰ θέας ἀξία, καὶ τῆς τε γερουσίας βουλευτήριον καὶ τῶν ἐφόρων καὶ νομοφυλάκων καὶ καλουμένων Βιδιαίων ἀρχεῖά ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς. | The marketplace of the Lacedaemonians who occupy Sparta is worthy of seeing, and situated upon it are the council-house of the Gerousia, as well as the offices of the Ephors, the Nomophylakes ("Guardians of the Laws"), and the so-called Bidiaeans. | The sentence describes the marketplace and civic offices of Sparta, including the Gerousia, ephors, and other institutions; this is institutional/historical content rather than mythic narrative. |
| 3.11.2 | 2 | other | historical | ἡ μὲν δὴ γερουσία συνέδριον Λακεδαιμονίοις κυριώτατον τῆς πολιτείας, οἱ λοιποὶ δέ εἰσιν ἄρχοντες. | The Gerousia is indeed, most authoritative in the constitution for the Lacedaemonians, while the others serve as magistrates. | This sentence states a political institution and its constitutional authority in Sparta, which is historical/institutional content. |
| 3.11.2 | 3 | other | historical | τοῖς δὲ ἐφόροις καὶ Βιδιαίοις πέντε ἀριθμὸν ἑκατέροις οὖσι, τοῖς μὲν τοὺς ἐπὶ τῷ Πλατανιστᾷ καλουμένῳ καὶ ἄλλους τῶν ἐφήβων ἀγῶνας τιθέναι καθέστηκεν, ἔφοροι δὲ τά τε ἄλλα διοικοῦσι τὰ σπουδῆς μάλιστα ἄξια καὶ παρέχονται τὸν ἐπώνυμον, καθὰ δὴ καὶ Ἀθηναίοις τῶν καλουμένων ἐννέα ἐπώνυμός ἐστιν εἷς ἄρχων. | As for the Ephors and the Bidiaeans, each body consists of five men respectively; the latter are appointed to oversee the contests held at the place called Platanistas and other competitions among the young men, while the Ephors manage all the most important public affairs and give their name to the year, just as among the Athenians there is one distinguished archon who lends his name to the year from among the so-called nine archons. | The sentence describes civic offices and their functions in Sparta and Athens, including naming the year; this is institutional/historical content, not mythic narrative. |
| 3.11.3 | 2 | historical | other | ἀνὰ χρόνον δὲ αὐτὴν ἐς μέγεθος τὸ νῦν καὶ ἐς κόσμον τὸν παρόντα μεταβεβλήκασιν. | Over time, they have transformed this structure into its present size and current splendor. | Purely describes a structure's present size and splendor; no mythic or historical event is asserted. |
| 3.11.4 | 2 | historical | other | τὸ δὲ ὄνομα ἦν τούτῳ Αὔγουστος, ὃ κατὰ γλῶσσαν δύναται τὴν Ἑλλήνων σεβαστός. | This latter was called Augustus, a name which in the Greek tongue means "Sebastos" (revered). | Only gives a name translation/etymology for Augustus; no mythic narrative or historical event asserted in the sentence itself. |
| 3.11.5 | 1 | other | historical | τοῦ δὲ Αὐγούστου δεικνύουσι πρὸς τῷ βωμῷ χαλκῆν εἰκόνα Ἀγίου. | Near the altar they show a bronze statue of Agias, dedicated by Augustus. | The sentence states that a bronze statue was dedicated by Augustus, which is a historical dedicatory act; it does not narrate mythic action. |
| 3.11.5 | 3 | mythic | other | ὁ δὲ Ἀγίας Ἀγελόχου παῖς ἦν τοῦ Τισαμενοῦ· | Agias was the son of Agelochus, who himself was the son of Tisamenus. | This is a bare genealogical identification of Agias' ancestry, with no mythic deed or historical event asserted. |
| 3.11.6 | 1 | mythic | both | Τισαμενῷ δὲ ὄντι Ἠλείῳ τῶν Ἰαμιδῶν λόγιον ἐγένετο ἀγῶνας ἀναιρήσεσθαι πέντε ἐπιφανεστάτους αὐτόν. | To Tisamenus of Elis, one of the Iamidae, an oracle came declaring that he would win five very illustrious contests. | An oracle pronouncement to Tisamenus, a named historical person, predicts his victories; this is mythic in form and historical in reference to a post-classical individual. |
| 3.11.6 | 2 | other | historical | οὕτω πένταθλον Ὀλυμπίασιν ἀσκήσας ἀπῆλθεν ἡττηθείς, καίτοι τὰ δύο γε ἦν πρῶτος· καὶ γὰρ δρόμῳ τε ἐκράτει καὶ πηδήματι Ἱερώνυμον τὸν Ἄνδριον. | Accordingly, having trained for the pentathlon at Olympia, he departed defeated, although he had come first in two events; for he surpassed Hieronymus of Andros in running and jumping. | Reports an athletic contest result and named competitor, a post-classical historical biographical detail, with no mythic content. |
| 3.11.7 | 1 | historical | both | Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ---οὐ γὰρ εἶχον ἀνηκόως ὧν Τισαμενῷ προεῖπεν ἡ Πυθία---πείθουσι μετοικήσαντα ἐξ Ἤλιδος μαντεύεσθαι Σπαρτιατῶν τῷ κοινῷ· | The Lacedaemonians—already knowing well the prophetic utterance delivered by the Pythian priestess to Tisamenus—persuaded him, after he had removed from Elis, to serve as prophet for the Spartans collectively. | The sentence mentions the Pythian priestess's prophetic utterance (mythic/religious content) and the Lacedaemonians persuading Tisamenus to serve as Spartan prophet, a historical biographical/political act. |
| 3.11.9 | 1 | historical | other | τὰ μὲν Τισαμενοῦ τοιαῦτα ἐπυνθανόμην ὄντα· | Such were the things I learned concerning Tisamenus. | Authorial summary of what was learned about Tisamenus; no mythic or historical event is asserted in the sentence itself. |
| 3.11.10 | 3 | other | historical | παρὰ δὲ τοῦ Ὀρέστου τὸν τάφον ἐστὶν εἰκὼν Πολυδώρου τοῦ Ἀλκαμένους, ὃν βασιλέων ἐς τοσοῦτο τιμῆς προήχασιν ὥστε οἱ τὰς ἀρχὰς ἔχοντες, ὁπόσα δεῖ σημαίνεσθαι, τοῦ Πολυδώρου σημαίνονται τῇ εἰκόνι. | Beside the tomb of Orestes is a statue of Polydorus, son of Alcamenes, whom they have honored among their kings to such a high degree that the magistrates responsible for declaring public business make their announcements standing by the statue of Polydorus. | The sentence describes a statue of Polydorus and a civic practice involving magistrates, which is a historical/institutional detail; the tomb of Orestes is only a location marker here. |
| 3.12.1 | 2 | other | mythic | καί με ὁ λόγος ἀπαιτεῖ πρότερα εἰπεῖν τὰ ἐς τὴν ἐπίκλησιν τῆς ὁδοῦ. | Here my narrative requires me first to explain the origin of the name of this street. | Authorial transition to explain a naming origin; no mythic or historical event is asserted in the sentence itself. |
| 3.12.1 | 4 | historical | mythic | ἀφεθῆναι δὲ αὐτοὺς λέγουσιν ἐς τὸν δρόμον διὰ τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς Ἀφεταΐδος. | They also say that the runners were started along this very road, which for that reason is called Aphetaïs ("Starting-Place Road"). | Explains a naming legend for the road based on where runners were started; this is a mythic/etiological claim, not a historical event. |
| 3.12.2 | 3 | mythic | other | ἀφικομένοις δὲ ἀνδράσιν οὐ πολλοῖς ἀγῶνα δρόμου κατέστησε, | When a small number of suitors arrived, he set a running contest for them. | Procedural/action detail about setting up a contest for arriving suitors; no mythic or historical event asserted in itself. |
| 3.12.2 | 4 | historical | other | καὶ πρώτῳ τε ἐλθόντι ἐγένετο ἑλέσθαι πρώτῳ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ μετʼ ἐκεῖνον τῷ δευτέρῳ καὶ ἤδη κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἄχρι τοῦ τελευταίου· | The man who finished first was the first allowed to choose among the maidens, and after him the second, and thereafter each similarly until the last competitor. | Describes the procedure for choosing among maidens by finishing order; this is an institutional/ritual rule, not a mythic narrative or historical event. |
| 3.12.3 | 1 | mythic | other | Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ταύτην ἐστίν, ὡς ἤδη λέλεκταί μοι, τὰ ὀνομαζόμενα Βοώνητα, Πολυδώρου ποτὲ οἰκία τοῦ βασιλέως· | Along this route the Lacedaemonians have, as I previously mentioned, a place called Boöneta, once the house of king Polydorus. | A route note identifying a place and saying it was once the house of king Polydorus; this is topographic/location information rather than a mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 3.12.3 | 2 | historical | other | ἀποθανόντος δὲ παρὰ τοῦ Πολυδώρου τῆς γυναικὸς ἐπρίαντο ἀντιδόντες βοῦς. | After his death, they purchased it from Polydorus' wife, paying with oxen in exchange. | A transactional purchase after someone's death; no mythic or historical event is asserted. |
| 3.12.3 | 3 | other | historical | ἀργύρου γὰρ οὐκ ἦν πω τότε οὐδὲ χρυσοῦ νόμισμα, κατὰ τρόπον δὲ ἔτι τὸν ἀρχαῖον ἀντεδίδοσαν βοῦς καὶ ἀνδράποδα καὶ ἀργὸν τὸν ἄργυρον καὶ χρυσόν· | For at that time there was as yet no currency in silver or gold, but according to the ancient custom, they exchanged oxen, slaves, and ingots of silver and gold. | Describes an ancient economic practice and the absence of coinage, which is historical/institutional content rather than myth. |
| 3.12.4 | 3 | mythic | other | ἱδρύσατο δὲ τῆς Κελευθείας ἱερὰ ἀριθμῷ τρία διεστηκότα ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων. | He established sanctuaries for Keleuthea, three in number, separated from one another. | Bare notice that sanctuaries were established and located; no mythic story or historical event is asserted in the sentence itself. |
| 3.12.5 | 1 | mythic | other | προϊόντων δὲ κατὰ τὴν Ἀφεταΐδα ἡρῷά ἐστιν Ἴοπός τε κατὰ Λέλεγα ἢ Μύλητα γενέσθαι δοκοῦντος καὶ Ἀμφιαράου τοῦ Ὀικλέους· | As one advances along the Afetaïd region, there are hero-shrines to Iops, who is said to have been born from Lelex or Myles, and also to Amphiaraus, son of Oïkles. | This sentence only notes the presence/location of hero-shrines along the route; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 3.12.5 | 3 | mythic | other | καὶ αὐτοῦ Λέλεγός ἐστιν ἡρῷον, | There is also a shrine there for Lelex himself. | Bare notice that a shrine/hero-shrine exists for Lelex; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 3.12.7 | 1 | mythic | other | τοῦ δὲ Ἑλληνίου πλησίον Ταλθυβίου μνῆμα ἀποφαίνουσι· | Near the Hellēnion, they point out the tomb of Talthybius. | This is only a location notice identifying Talthybius's tomb near the Hellēnion; it does not narrate any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 3.12.7 | 2 | mythic | other | δεικνύουσι δὲ καὶ Ἀχαιῶν Αἰγιεῖς ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς, Ταλθυβίου καὶ οὗτοι φάμενοι μνῆμα εἶναι. | The Achaeans of Aigion also show a monument in their agora, claiming it as that of Talthybius. | A bare notice that the Achaeans of Aigion show a monument in the agora and identify it as Talthybius'; it reports location and attribution, not a mythic deed or historical event. |
| 3.12.7 | 3 | historical | both | Ταλθυβίου δὲ τούτου μήνιμα ἐπὶ τῷ φόνῳ τῶν κηρύκων, οἳ παρὰ βασιλέως Δαρείου γῆν τε καὶ ὕδωρ αἰτήσοντες ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπέμφθησαν, Λακεδαιμονίοις μὲν ἐπεσήμαινεν ἐς τὸ δημόσιον, ἐν Ἀθήναις δὲ ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ ἐς ἑνὸς οἶκον ἀνδρὸς κατέσκηψε Μιλτιάδου τοῦ Κίμωνος· | The wrath of this Talthybius over the murder of the heralds who had been sent by King Darius into Greece to demand earth and water fell upon the state of the Lacedaemonians as a whole; but among the Athenians it descended privately, and upon the household of one man—Miltiades, son of Cimon. | Mentions Talthybius, a mythic herald, and also King Darius and the Persian demand for earth and water, a historical event. |
| 3.12.8 | 3 | historical | other | ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ πέρατι τῆς Ἀφεταΐδος, ἐγγύτατα ἤδη τοῦ τείχους, Δικτύννης ἐστὶν ἱερὸν καὶ βασίλειοι τάφοι τῶν καλουμένων Εὐρυπωντιδῶν· | On the far end of Aphetaïs, very near the city wall, is a sanctuary dedicated to Dictynna and the royal tombs of those known as the Eurypontidae. | This sentence only locates a sanctuary and tombs; it does not narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 3.12.8 | 4 | mythic | other | παρὰ δὲ τὸ Ἑλλήνιον Ἀρσινόης ἱερόν, Λευκίππου τε θυγατρὸς καὶ γυναικῶν τῶν Πολυδεύκους καὶ Κάστορος ἀδελφῆς. | By the Hellenion stands the sanctuary of Arsinoë, the daughter of Leucippus and sister of the wives of Polydeuces and Castor. | This sentence only locates a sanctuary and gives Arsinoë's identification; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.12.9 | 1 | mythic | other | καὶ Μάρωνός ἐστιν ἱερὸν καὶ Ἀλφειοῦ· | There is also a sanctuary of Maron and of Alpheios. | Bare notice that a sanctuary exists and is located here; no mythic or historical event is asserted. |
| 3.12.9 | 3 | mythic | historical | τοῦ δὲ Τροπαίου Διὸς τὸ ἱερὸν ἐποίησαν οἱ Δωριεῖς πολέμῳ τούς τε ἄλλους Ἀχαιούς, οἳ γῆν τὴν Λακωνικὴν τηνικαῦτα εἶχον, καὶ τοὺς Ἀμυκλαιεῖς κρατήσαντες. | The sanctuary of Zeus Tropaios (Zeus of the Trophy) was built by the Dorians when they conquered in war both the rest of the Achaeans, who at that time held the land of Laconia, and the Amyclaeans. | Asserts a post-mythic historical conquest by the Dorians and the resulting building of a sanctuary. |
| 3.12.10 | 1 | other | historical | ἑτέρα δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐστιν ἔξοδος, καθʼ ἣν πεποίηταί σφισιν ἡ καλουμένη Σκιάς, ἔνθα καὶ νῦν ἔτι ἐκκλησιάζουσι. | There is another exit from the marketplace, along which stands the building known as the Skias ("Place of Shelter"), where even now the people hold their assemblies. | The sentence asserts a civic institution in operation: the people still hold assemblies there. That is historical/institutional content, not mythic. |
| 3.12.10 | 2 | historical | other | ταύτην τὴν Σκιάδα Θεοδώρου τοῦ Σαμίου φασὶν εἶναι ποίημα, ὃς πρῶτος διαχέαι σίδηρον εὗρε καὶ ἀγάλματα ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ πλάσαι. | They say this Skias was built by Theodorus of Samos, who first discovered the method of casting iron and of shaping images out of it. | This is a note about a structure being attributed to Theodorus and his technical invention; it does not narrate mythic action or a post-500 BCE historical event in itself. |
| 3.13.1 | 2 | mythic | other | δείκνυται δὲ πρὸς τῇ Σκιάδι καὶ Ἴδα καὶ Λυγκέως τάφος. | By the place called Skiada is shown the tomb of Idas and Lynceus. | This is only a locational notice that a tomb is shown; it does not narrate any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 3.13.7 | 2 | mythic | other | τῷ δὲ ἥρωι τούτῳ πρὶν ἢ τῷ θεῷ θύουσιν αἱ Διονυσιάδες καὶ αἱ Λευκιππίδες. | To this hero, the Dionysiades and the Leucippides sacrifice before making offerings to the god himself. | This sentence only states a ritual practice directed to a hero and a god; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.13.8 | 2 | mythic | other | τοῦ Διονύσου δὲ οὐ μακρὰν Διὸς ἱερόν ἐστιν Εὐανέμου, τούτου δὲ ἐν δεξιᾷ Πλευρῶνος ἡρῷον. | Not far from the sanctuary of Dionysus is a temple of Zeus Euanemos ("of fair winds"), and on its right stands the hero-shrine of Pleuron. | This sentence only locates sanctuaries and a hero-shrine; it does not narrate any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 3.13.8 | 6 | other | mythic | Ἥρας δὲ ἱερὸν Ὑπερχειρίας κατὰ μαντείαν ἐποιήθη, τοῦ Εὐρώτα πολὺ τῆς γῆς σφισιν ἐπικλύζοντος. | Another sanctuary of Hera, called Hypercheiria ("She whose hand is above"), was built in accordance with an oracle, because the Eurotas frequently overflowed a great portion of their land. | Reports a cult foundation explained by an oracle, a mythic/religious etiological claim; no post-500 BC historical event or person. |
| 3.14.2 | 2 | historical | other | κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς πόλεως τάφοι τῶν Ἀγιαδῶν βασιλέων εἰσὶ καὶ πλησίον ὀνομαζομένη λέσχη Κροτανῶν· εἰσὶ δὲ οἱ Κροτανοὶ Πιτανατῶν μοῖρα. | In this part of the city lie the tombs of the Agiad kings, and nearby is a meeting hall named the Lesche of the Crotani—now, the Crotani are a section of the Pitana district. | This sentence only locates tombs and a meeting hall and gives a district subdivision; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 3.14.3 | 2 | other | historical | τὸν δὲ σὺν τῇ ἀσπίδι δρόμον ἐπὶ ἀγῶνι λήγοντι οὐ συνέβαινεν εἶναί πω. | At that time the race in armor ("race with the shield") had not yet been established as an event. | States that a specific athletic event had not yet been established, which is a historical/institutional claim about the development of the games. |
| 3.14.4 | 3 | mythic | other | ταύτην ἡ τοῦ Ἀναξάνδρου γυνὴ τὴν Κλεὼ παρὰ τοῦ Ἀναξάνδρου αἰτεῖ, καὶ τό τε ξόανον τῆς Θέτιδος ἀνεῦρεν ἔχουσαν καὶ ναὸν μετʼ αὐτῆς ἱδρύσατο τῇ θεῷ· | The wife of Anaxandros requested this Cleo from him, and she discovered that Cleo possessed the wooden cult-image of Thetis, and with her she set up a temple dedicated to the goddess. | The sentence reports a request, discovery, and temple setup, but in itself it is a locating/possession notice about a cult image and shrine, not a mythic narrative or a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 3.14.4 | 4 | mythic | other | ἐποίει δὲ ταῦτα ἡ Λεανδρὶς κατὰ ὄψιν ὀνείρατος. | Leandris (for that was her name) did all this according to a vision she had seen in a dream. | Reports that she acted according to a dream vision; this is a procedural/other sentence, not a mythic or historical assertion. |
| 3.14.5 | 1 | mythic | other | τὸ μὲν δὴ ξόανον τῆς Θέτιδος ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ φυλάσσουσι· | The wooden image of Thetis is indeed preserved in secrecy. | Bare notice that a cult object exists and is kept in secrecy; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted. |
| 3.14.5 | 3 | historical | other | ἔστι δὲ καὶ Σαράπιδος νεώτατον τοῦτο Σπαρτιάταις ἱερὸν καὶ Διὸς ἐπίκλησιν Ὀλυμπίου. | There is also a very recent temple of Sarapis among the Spartans, as well as one dedicated to Zeus under the epithet Olympios. | This sentence only notes the existence and location of temples; it does not narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 3.14.7 | 2 | other | mythic | Ἀσκληπιοῦ δέ ἐστιν ἐπίκλησις ὁ Ἀγνίτας, ὅτι ἦν ἄγνου τῷ θεῷ ξόανον. | Agnitas is a surname of Asclepius, derived from the image of the god being carved of agnos (willow). | Explains a cultic epithet by a mythic/etiological story about Asclepius' image being carved from willow. |
| 3.14.7 | 6 | mythic | other | πρὸς δὲ τοῦ Δρόμου τῇ ἀρχῇ Διόσκουροί τέ εἰσιν Ἀφετήριοι καὶ ὀλίγον προελθόντι ἡρῷον Ἄλκωνος. | Toward the beginning of the Course stand images of the Dioscuri as Starters of the Race, and after proceeding a little further one sees the hero-shrine of Alcon. | This sentence only locates images and a hero-shrine; it does not narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 3.14.8 | 4 | historical | mythic | νόμους δὲ ἔς τε τὴν ἄλλην πολιτείαν καὶ ἐς τὴν μάχην τῶν ἐφήβων ἔθηκεν ὁ Λυκοῦργος. | Indeed, Lycurgus established their laws, both those governing the rest of their civic order as well as those governing the youths' combat. | Lycurgus is a legendary lawgiver, so the sentence asserts a mythic figure establishing laws; it does not describe a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 3.14.9 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐνταῦθα ἑκατέρα μοῖρα τῶν ἐφήβων σκύλακα κυνὸς τῷ Ἐνυαλίῳ θύουσι, θεῶν τῷ ἀλκιμωτάτῳ κρίνοντες ἱερεῖον κατὰ γνώμην εἶναι τὸ ἀλκιμώτατον ζῷον τῶν ἡμέρων. | At this place, each division of youths sacrifices a puppy to Enyalios, judging that the bravest god must appropriately receive in sacrifice what they consider to be the bravest of domesticated animals. | This is a ritual practice/instruction describing a sacrifice to Enyalios, not a narrated mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.14.10 | 1 | other | historical | ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ θυσίᾳ κάπρους ἠθάδας οἱ ἔφηβοι συμβάλλουσι μαχουμένους· | At the sacrifice, the ephebes set two trained boars to fight against each other. | Describes a civic ritual practice by the ephebes at a sacrifice, which is a historical/institutional detail rather than myth. |
| 3.15.1 | 1 | historical | other | πρὸς δὲ τῷ Πλατανιστᾷ καὶ Κυνίσκας ἐστὶν ἡρῷον, θυγατρὸς Ἀρχιδάμου βασιλεύοντος Σπαρτιατῶν· | Near the Platanistas there is also a hero-shrine of Cynisca, daughter of Archidamus, king of the Spartans. | This sentence only locates a hero-shrine and identifies Cynisca by name and parentage; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.15.1 | 3 | mythic | other | ἔστι δὲ τῆς στοᾶς, ἣ παρὰ τὸν Πλατανιστᾶν πεποίηται, ταύτης ὄπισθεν ἡρῷα, τὸ μὲν Ἀλκίμου, τὸ δὲ Ἐναρσφόρου καὶ ἀφεστηκὸς οὐ πολὺ Δορκέως, τὸ δὲ ἐπὶ τούτῳ Σεβροῦ· | Behind the colonnade built beside the Platanistas stand hero-shrines: one for Alcimus, another for Enarsphorus, not far away one for Dorceus, and next to this, one for Sebrus. | This is only a locational notice that hero-shrines stand behind the colonnade; it does not narrate any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 3.15.5 | 2 | mythic | other | τότε μὲν δὴ τιτρώσκεται καὶ λαθὼν ἀπεχώρησεν· ὕστερον δὲ ἐξεγένετό οἱ στρατεύσαντι ἐς Σπάρτην τιμωρήσασθαι μὲν Ἱπποκόωντα, τιμωρήσασθαι δὲ καὶ τοὺς παῖδας τοῦ Οἰωνοῦ φόνου. | On that occasion he was wounded, and secretly withdrew. | The sentence only says he was wounded and withdrew; it is a narrative detail without explicit mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 3.15.5 | 3 | mythic | other | τὸ δὲ μνῆμα τῷ Οἰωνῷ πεποίηται παρὰ τὸ Ἡρακλεῖον. | Later, however, when he marched upon Sparta with an army, he succeeded in avenging himself upon Hippocoön, and also avenged the death of Oionos's sons. | This sentence only locates Oionos's tomb near the Heracleion; it is a topographic notice, not a mythic or historical assertion. |
| 3.15.7 | 1 | other | historical | πλησίον δέ ἐστιν Ἱπποσθένους ναός, ᾧ γεγόνασιν αἱ πολλαὶ νῖκαι πάλης· | Nearby is a temple dedicated to Hipposthenes, who achieved many victories in wrestling. | The sentence states that Hipposthenes achieved many wrestling victories, which is a historical biographical claim about a post-classical person. |
| 3.15.7 | 3 | mythic | other | τοῦ ναοῦ δὲ ἀπαντικρὺ πέδας ἐστὶν ἔχων Ἐνυάλιος, ἄγαλμα ἀρχαῖον. | Directly opposite this temple stands an ancient statue of Enyalios bound in chains. | A bare location/description of an ancient statue of Enyalios; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 3.15.7 | 5 | other | historical | τόνδε μέν εἰσιν αἱ πόλεις αὗται τὰ ξόανα τὸν τρόπον ἱδρυμέναι καὶ ἐπὶ δόξῃ τοιαύτῃ· | In such manner and with such purpose have these cities set up these statues. | The sentence asserts that these cities set up the statues in a certain manner and purpose, which is a historical/institutional action; it does not narrate mythic story. |
| 3.15.8 | 1 | mythic | other | ἐν Σπάρτῃ δὲ λέσχη τέ ἐστι καλουμένη Ποικίλη καὶ ἡρῷα πρὸς αὐτῇ Κάδμου τοῦ Ἀγήνορος τῶν τε ἀπογόνων, Οἰολύκου τοῦ Θήρα καὶ Αἰγέως τοῦ Οἰολύκου. | In Sparta there is a place called the Painted Lounge (Lesche Poikile), and beside it are the hero-shrines of Cadmus son of Agenor and his descendants—Oeolycus son of Theras and Aegeus son of Oeolycus. | This sentence only locates a place and nearby hero-shrines; it does not narrate any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 3.15.9 | 3 | mythic | other | αἶγας δὲ αὐτὸν θῦσαί φασιν ἱερείων ἀπορήσαντα ἀλλοίων. | They say he offered goats because he found no other sacrificial animals at hand. | This is a ritual/sacrificial detail explaining why goats were offered, not a mythic narrative or historical event. |
| 3.15.10 | 1 | mythic | other | τοῦ θεάτρου δὲ οὐ πόρρω Ποσειδῶνός τε ἱερόν ἐστι Γενεθλίου καὶ ἡρῷα Κλεοδαίου τοῦ Ὕλλου καὶ Οἰβάλου. | Not far from the theater is the temple of Poseidon Genethlios ("the Birth-giver"), and nearby are the heroic shrines of Cleodaeus, son of Hyllus, and of Oibalos. | This sentence only locates a temple and heroic shrines; it does not narrate any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 3.16.1 | 1 | mythic | other | πλησίον δὲ Ἱλαείρας καὶ Φοίβης ἐστὶν ἱερόν· | Near (the statues of) Hilaeira and Phoebe there is a sanctuary. | Bare notice that a sanctuary exists near named figures; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical content. |
| 3.16.1 | 4 | other | mythic | τὸ μὲν δὴ ἕτερον τῶν ἀγαλμάτων ἱερασαμένη τις ταῖς θεαῖς Λευκιππὶς ἐπεκόσμησε, πρόσωπον ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀρχαίου ποιησαμένη τῆς ἐφʼ ἡμῶν τέχνης τὸ δὲ ἕτερον μὴ καὶ τοῦτο ἐπικοσμεῖν αὐτὴν ἀπεῖπεν ὄνειρον. | One of the statues was decorated by a woman named Leucippis who served as priestess to these goddesses; she altered the face into the contemporary artistic style, replacing its original appearance, but a dream prevented her from likewise adorning the other statue. | The sentence includes a dream that prevents action, which is a mythic/religious narrative element; Leucippis is only a named priestess and the rest is an object-restoration note. |
| 3.16.2 | 2 | mythic | historical | οἰκία δὲ αὐτοῦ πεποίηται πλησίον· τὸ δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς φασιν αὐτὴν οἰκῆσαι τοὺς Τυνδάρεω παῖδας, χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἐκτήσατο Φορμίων Σπαρτιάτης. | Nearby is a dwelling-house; originally, they say, the sons of Tyndareus lived in it, but in later times it came into the possession of Phormion, a Spartan. | The sentence asserts a later historical possession by Phormion, a named Spartan; the Tyndareus reference is only an earlier occupancy note and not mythic narration here. |
| 3.16.3 | 2 | mythic | other | ἐς δὲ τὴν ὑστεραίαν παρθένος μὲν ἐκείνη καὶ θεραπεία πᾶσα ἡ περὶ τὴν παῖδα ἠφάνιστο, Διοσκούρων δὲ ἀγάλματα ἐν τῷ οἰκήματι εὑρέθη καὶ τράπεζά τε καὶ σίλφιον ἐπʼ αὐτῇ. | However, on the next day, the maiden and all her attendants who cared for her had vanished, while within the chamber were found images of the Dioscuri, and a table with silphium upon it. | The sentence reports a disappearance and the discovery of objects in a chamber; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.16.4 | 1 | mythic | other | τάδε μὲν οὕτω γενέσθαι λέγουσιν· | These things occurred, it is said, in the manner given above. | Authorial report that things happened as previously described; no mythic or historical content asserted in this sentence itself. |
| 3.16.4 | 2 | historical | other | ἰόντι δὲ ὡς ἐπὶ τὰς πύλας ἀπὸ τοῦ Χιτῶνος Χίλωνός ἐστιν ἡρῷον τοῦ σοφοῦ νομιζομένου καὶ Ἀθηνοδώρου τῶν ὁμοῦ Δωριεῖ τῷ Ἀναξανδρίδου σταλέντων ἐς Σικελίαν· | Proceeding toward the gates from the place called Chiton, there is a hero-shrine of Chilon, reputed as one of the wise men, and also that of Athenodoros, who was sent to Sicily together with Dorieus, the son of Anaxandridas. | This sentence only locates hero-shrines and names the persons associated with them; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.16.5 | 3 | mythic | both | τὸ δὲ εὐμενὲς ἐκ τῶν θεῶν οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ Ἡρακλεῖ καὶ ὕστερον Δωριεῖ τῷ Ἀναξανδρίδου παρεγένετο, ἀλλὰ Ἡρακλῆς μὲν ἀποκτίννυσιν Ἔρυκα, Δωριέα δὲ αὐτόν τε καὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς διέφθειραν τὸ πολὺ Ἐγεσταῖοι. | But divine favor, which attended Heracles, was not equally favorable later to Dorieus, the son of Anaxandridas; for whereas Heracles slew Eryx, the Egestaeans destroyed Dorieus and the greater part of his army. | The sentence contrasts Heracles' mythic killing of Eryx with the historical defeat and death of Dorieus and most of his army by the Egestaeans. |
| 3.16.6 | 1 | historical | other | Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ καὶ Λυκούργῳ τῷ θεμένῳ τοὺς νόμους οἷα δὴ θεῷ πεποιήκασι καὶ τούτῳ ἱερόν. | The Lacedaemonians have likewise erected a sanctuary to Lycurgus, the one who established their laws, and honor him as if he were indeed a god. | This sentence only states that the Lacedaemonians erected a sanctuary to Lycurgus and honor him like a god; it is a cultic/locational notice, not narration of a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.16.6 | 6 | mythic | other | πλησίον δὲ Ἀστραβάκου καλούμενόν ἐστιν ἡρῷον. | Close by stands a sanctuary called the heroon of Astrabacus. | Bare location notice that a heroon stands nearby; it does not narrate Astrabacus' deeds or any historical event. |
| 3.16.8 | 1 | mythic | other | καίτοι διαμεμένηκεν ἔτι καὶ νῦν τηλικοῦτο ὄνομα τῇ Ταυρικῇ θεῷ, ὥστε ἀμφισβητοῦσι μὲν Καππάδοκες καὶ οἱ τὸν Εὔξεινον οἰκοῦντες τὸ ἄγαλμα εἶναι παρὰ σφίσιν, ἀμφισβητοῦσι δὲ καὶ Λυδῶν οἷς ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερὸν Ἀναιίτιδος. | Even now, indeed, the renown of the Tauric goddess persists to such an extent that the Cappadocians and those dwelling around the Euxine Sea dispute the claim that her image is among them, and the Lydians likewise, who possess the sanctuary of Artemis Anaïtis, contest it as well. | This sentence only notes that people dispute where the goddess's image is and mentions a sanctuary's existence; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.16.9 | 3 | mythic | other | τοῦτο δὲ οἱ Λιμνᾶται Σπαρτιατῶν καὶ Κυνοσουρεῖς καὶ οἱ ἐκ Μεσόας τε καὶ Πιτάνης θύοντες τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι ἐς διαφοράν, ἀπὸ δὲ αὐτῆς καὶ ἐς φόνους προήχθησαν, ἀποθανόντων δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ βωμῷ πολλῶν νόσος ἔφθειρε τοὺς λοιπούς. | Moreover, while sacrificing to Artemis, the Limnatians among the Spartans, together with the Cynosurians, and those from Mesoa and Pitane, fell into dissension; this strife escalated into killings. After many had perished at the altar, disease began destroying those who survived. | Describes a sacrificial quarrel and ensuing deaths as an event, but in this sentence it is not a mythic deed or a post-500 BC historical assertion; it is a narrative episode without clear historical dating. |
| 3.16.10 | 2 | mythic | historical | θυομένου δὲ ὅντινα ὁ κλῆρος ἐπελάμβανε, Λυκοῦργος μετέβαλεν ἐς τὰς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐφήβοις μάστιγας, ἐμπίπλαταί τε οὕτως ἀνθρώπων αἵματι ὁ βωμός. | When they sacrificed whomever chance selected by lot, Lycurgus changed this practice to the scourging of youths, and in this way the altar became filled with human blood. | The sentence asserts Lycurgus changed a ritual practice, a historical institutional act; the sacrifice/scourging detail is procedural rather than mythic narrative. |
| 3.17.3 | 4 | mythic | other | ἐπείργασται δὲ καὶ τὰ ἐς τὴν Ἀθηνᾶς γένεσιν καὶ Ἀμφιτρίτη καὶ Ποσειδῶν, ἃ δὴ μέγιστα καὶ μάλιστα ἦν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν θέας ἄξια. | Moreover, there is represented the birth of Athena, and Amphitrite and Poseidon—scenes that, in my judgment, were the most magnificent and most worthy of viewing. | This is a descriptive notice of depicted scenes and an evaluative comment, not narration of the myth itself. |
| 3.17.4 | 2 | mythic | other | ἐς δὲ τὴν πρὸς μεσημβρίαν ἰόντι στοὰν Κοσμητᾶ τε ἐπίκλησιν Διὸς ναὸς καὶ Τυνδάρεω πρὸ αὐτοῦ μνῆμά ἐστιν· | As one goes toward the southern colonnade, there is a temple of Zeus called surnamed "Kosmetas," and in front of it a tomb of Tyndareus. | This is a topographic notice locating a temple and tomb; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 3.17.5 | 1 | historical | other | ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ τῆς Χαλκιοίκου Μουσῶν ἱδρύσαντο ἱερόν, ὅτι οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὰς ἐξόδους ἐπὶ τὰς μάχας οὐ μετὰ σαλπίγγων ἐποιοῦντο ἀλλὰ πρός τε αὐλῶν μέλη καὶ ὑπὸ λύρας καὶ κιθάρας κρούσμασιν. | On the left of the temple of Athena Chalkioikos they set up a sanctuary of the Muses, because the Lacedaemonians made their sorties into battle not to the accompaniment of trumpets, but to melodies of flutes and to the striking of lyres and kitharas. | This sentence only gives a sanctuary location and a cult-etiological explanation for its dedication; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 3.17.6 | 3 | other | historical | πρὸς δὲ τῷ Σκηνώματι ὀνομαζομένῳ γυναικός ἐστιν εἰκών, Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ Εὐρυλεωνίδα λέγουσιν εἶναι· νίκην δὲ ἵππων συνωρίδι ἀνείλετο Ὀλυμπικήν. | They also say that the statue was made by Clearchus of Rhegium, who is said by some to have been a pupil of Dipoenus and Scyllis, while others claim he was a pupil of Daedalus himself. | The sentence reports an Olympic horse-chariot victory, which is a historical athletic record; the rest is only identification of a statue and location. |
| 3.17.7 | 4 | historical | other | ἐπεξελθεῖν δέ σφισιν ἀρκέσομαι. | I heard from a Byzantine that Pausanias was found out in what he was plotting, and of those who sought refuge at the sanctuary of Chalcioecus, he alone failed to gain pardon. | This is an authorial transition/comment about what Pausanias will say next, not a mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 3.17.7 | 5 | historical | other | ἤκουσα δὲ ἀνδρὸς Βυζαντίου Παυσανίαν φωραθῆναί τε ἐφʼ οἷς ἐβουλεύετο καὶ μόνον τῶν ἱκετευσάντων τὴν Χαλκίοικον ἁμαρτεῖν ἀδείας κατʼ ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, φόνου δὲ ἄγος ἐκνίψασθαι μὴ δυνηθέντα. | Though guilty in no other respect, he could not cleanse himself from the pollution of murder. | This sentence is a moral/legal statement about pollution from murder, not a mythic narrative or a historical event. |
| 3.17.8 | 1 | historical | other | ὡς γὰρ δὴ διέτριβε περὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ναυσὶ τῶν τε ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων καὶ αὐτῶν Λακεδαιμονίων, παρθένου Βυζαντίας ἐπεθύμησε· | For when he was lingering around the Hellespont with ships both of other Greeks and of the Spartans themselves, he conceived a desire for a young maiden of Byzantium. | This sentence is a narrative detail about a person's desire during a campaign, but it does not itself assert mythic material or a post-500 BC historical event/institution. |
| 3.17.8 | 2 | historical | other | καὶ αὐτίκα νυκτὸς ἀρχομένης τὴν Κλεονίκην---τοῦτο γὰρ ὄνομα ἦν τῇ κόρῃ---κομίζουσιν οἷς ἐπετέτακτο. | As soon as night fell, Cleonice—for this was the girl's name—was brought to him by those charged with the task. | This sentence only reports that Cleonice was brought at night by assigned attendants; it is a narrative action without mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 3.17.8 | 3 | historical | other | ἐν τούτῳ δὲ ὑπνωμένον τὸν Παυσανίαν ἐπήγειρεν ὁ ψόφος· ἰοῦσα γὰρ παρʼ αὐτὸν τὸν καιόμενον λύχνον κατέβαλεν ἄκουσα. | But as Pausanias slept, a noise awoke him: for the girl, as she approached, accidentally knocked over the burning lamp. | A simple narrative action about Pausanias waking and a girl knocking over a lamp; no mythic or historical assertion. |
| 3.17.9 | 1 | mythic | other | τοῦτο τὸ ἄγος οὐκ ἐξεγένετο ἀποφυγεῖν Παυσανίᾳ, καθάρσια παντοῖα καὶ ἱκεσίας δεξαμένῳ Διὸς Φυξίου καὶ δὴ ἐς Φιγαλίαν ἐλθόντι τὴν Ἀρκάδων παρὰ τοὺς ψυχαγωγούς· | Pausanias could not escape this pollution, despite undergoing all manner of purifications and supplicating Zeus Phyxios, even coming to Phigaleia in Arcadia to seek aid from the necromancers. | This is a procedural/personal narrative about purification and seeking aid; it names Zeus and necromancers but does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.17.9 | 2 | mythic | other | δίκην δὲ ἣν εἰκὸς ἦν Κλεονίκῃ τε ἀπέδωκε καὶ τῷ θεῷ. | Nevertheless, he suffered the justice due both to Cleonice and to the god. | This is a general statement about suffering justice due to Cleonice and the god; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 3.17.9 | 3 | historical | both | Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἐκτελοῦντες πρόσταγμα ἐκ Δελφῶν τάς τε εἰκόνας ἐποιήσαντο τὰς χαλκᾶς καὶ δαίμονα τιμῶσιν Ἐπιδώτην, τὸ ἐπὶ Παυσανίᾳ τοῦ Ἱκεσίου μήνιμα ἀποτρέπειν τὸν Ἐπιδώτην λέγοντες τοῦτον. | The Lacedaemonians, carrying out the command from Delphi, made bronze statues and established a cult of Epidotes ("the Bountiful One"), saying it was this deity who turned aside the wrath of Hikesios ("the God of Supplication") directed against Pausanias. | The sentence asserts a Delphic command and the Lacedaemonians' cult/statue establishment (historical/institutional), while also giving a mythic cult etiology involving divine wrath and its averting by Epidotes. |
| 3.18.2 | 2 | historical | both | ἀναθεῖναι δὲ Λυκοῦργον λέγουσιν ἐκκοπέντα τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τὸν ἕτερον ὑπὸ Ἀλκάνδρου, διότι οὓς ἔθηκε νόμους οὐκ ἀρεστοὺς συνέβαινεν εἶναι τῷ Ἀλκάνδρῳ. | They say that Lycurgus built it as a dedication after losing one of his eyes, having been struck by Alcander, because the laws that he had established happened not to please Alcander. | The sentence gives a legendary account of Lycurgus and Alcander, but also treats Lycurgus as a historical lawgiver and a dedication made after the injury. |
| 3.18.2 | 3 | historical | mythic | διαφυγὼν δὲ ἐς τοῦτο τὸ χωρίον Λακεδαιμονίων ἀμυνάντων μὴ προσαπολέσθαι οἱ καὶ τὸν λειπόμενον ὀφθαλμόν, οὕτω ναὸν Ὀφθαλμίτιδος Ἀθηνᾶς ἐποίησε. | Having fled for refuge to this place, and with the Lacedaemonians intervening to spare his remaining eye, Lycurgus thus built the temple to Athena Ophthalmitis. | The sentence asserts a cult foundation story: Lycurgus, a mythic/legendary figure, builds the temple after the Lacedaemonians save his eye. |
| 3.18.3 | 3 | historical | both | λέγεται δὲ καὶ Λυσάνδρῳ πολιορκοῦντι Ἄφυτιν τὴν ἐν τῇ Παλλήνῃ νύκτωρ ἐπιφανέντα Ἄμμωνα προαγορεύειν ὡς ἄμεινον ἐκείνῳ τε ἔσοιτο καὶ τῇ Λακεδαίμονι πολέμου πρὸς Ἀφυταίους παυσαμένοις· | It is said that Lysander, as he was besieging Aphytis in Pallene, was visited by Ammon in a nocturnal vision, who instructed him that it would be better both for him and for Sparta to cease the war against the people of Aphytis. | The sentence reports a historical siege by Lysander and Sparta, and also a mythic/divine epiphany of Ammon giving an oracle-like instruction. |
| 3.18.4 | 1 | mythic | other | τὰ δὲ ἐς τὴν Κναγίαν Ἄρτεμίν ἐστιν οὕτω λεγόμενα· | The traditions concerning Artemis Knagia are related thus: they say that Knageus, a man from this region, joined the expedition of the Dioscuri against Aphidna and was captured in battle. | This sentence is only an authorial transition introducing the traditions about Artemis Knagia; it does not itself narrate the mythic story or any historical event. |
| 3.18.4 | 2 | mythic | other | Κναγέα ἄνδρα ἐπιχώριον στρατεῦσαί φασιν ἐς Ἄφιδναν ὁμοῦ τοῖς Διοσκούροις, ληφθέντα δὲ αἰχμάλωτον ἐν τῇ μάχῃ καὶ πραθέντα ἐς Κρήτην δουλεύειν ἔνθα ἦν Ἀρτέμιδος τοῖς Κρησὶν ἱερόν, ἀνὰ χρόνον δὲ αὐτόν τε ἀποδρᾶναι καὶ παρθένον τὴν ἱερωμένην ἔχοντα οἴχεσθαι τὸ ἄγαλμα ἀγομένην. | Having been taken prisoner and sold into slavery in Crete, he served there at a sanctuary of Artemis that belonged to the Cretans. | This sentence only reports capture, enslavement, and service at a sanctuary; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.18.4 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὲ λέγουσιν ὀνομάζειν Κναγίαν Ἄρτεμιν· | After some time, he escaped, carrying away both the priestess, a maiden, and bringing her image of the goddess along with them. | This is an etymological/naming note ('they say they call it Cnagian Artemis'), not a mythic event or historical claim in itself. |
| 3.18.5 | 2 | historical | other | οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ἀγῶνος συμβάντος πείθοιτο ἄν τις αἰχμαλώτους ληφθῆναι παρὰ τῶν κρατησάντων, ἄλλως τε καὶ παρὰ πολὺ γενομένης τῆς νίκης, ὥστε ἁλῶναι καὶ αὐτὴν Ἄφιδναν. | Nor indeed would anyone be persuaded that captives were taken by the victors if no battle had even occurred, especially as the victory described was so decisive that Aphidna itself would have been captured. | This is a skeptical comment about whether captives were taken and whether a battle occurred; it does not itself assert mythic or historical content. |
| 3.18.7 | 1 | other | historical | τὰ δὲ ἐν Ἀμύκλαις θέας ἄξια ἀνὴρ γὰρ πένταθλός ἐστιν ἐπὶ στήλης ὄνομα Αἴνητος· | At Amyclae are several remarkable sights: there is on a pillar the figure of a man, a pentathlete whose name is recorded as Ainetos. | The sentence identifies a pentathlete named Ainetos on a pillar, which is a historical dedication/commemoration of a real person rather than mythic narrative. |
| 3.18.9 | 1 | other | historical | Βαθυκλέους δὲ Μάγνητος, ὃς τὸν θρόνον ἐποίησε τοῦ Ἀμυκλαίου, ἀναθήματα ἐπʼ ἐξειργασμένῳ τῷ θρόνῳ Χάριτες καὶ ἄγαλμα δὲ Λευκοφρυήνης ἐστὶν Ἀρτέμιδος. | By Bathykles the Magnesian, who made the throne of the Amyclaean god, the offerings upon the decorated throne are figures of the Graces and an image of Artemis Leukophryene. | The sentence identifies Bathykles as the maker of the throne, a historical/dedication attribution; the rest is a bare description of offerings on the throne. |
| 3.18.10 | 1 | mythic | other | ἀνέχουσιν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτόν, κατὰ ταὐτὰ δὲ καὶ ὀπίσω, Χάριτές τε δύο καὶ Ὧραι δύο· | In front and likewise behind him stand two Graces and two Seasons. | This is only a location/description of figures standing in front and behind him; it does not assert a mythic deed or historical event. |
| 3.18.10 | 2 | mythic | other | ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ Ἔχιδνα ἕστηκε καὶ Τυφώς, ἐν δεξιᾷ δὲ Τρίτωνες. | On the left are placed Echidna and Typhos, on the right Tritons. | This is only a spatial/location description of figures on the left and right; it does not assert any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 3.18.13 | 3 | mythic | other | Ἀναξίας δὲ καὶ Μνασίνους, τούτων μὲν ἐφʼ ἵππου καθήμενός ἐστιν ἑκάτερος, Μεγαπένθην δὲ τὸν Μενελάου καὶ Νικόστρατον ἵππος εἷς φέρων ἐστίν. | Anaxias and Mnasinous are each shown mounted upon a horse, while Megapenthes, the son of Menelaus, and Nicostratus are both carried by a single horse. | This is a physical description of figures on a horse; it does not itself narrate mythic action or historical ঘটনা. |
| 3.19.3 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐπείργασται δὲ τῷ βωμῷ τοῦτο μὲν ἄγαλμα Βίριδος, τοῦτο δὲ Ἀμφιτρίτης καὶ Ποσειδῶνος· Διὸς δὲ καὶ Ἑρμοῦ διαλεγομένων ἀλλήλοις πλησίον Διόνυσος ἑστήκασι καὶ Σεμέλη, παρὰ δὲ αὐτὴν Ἰνώ. | On the altar there are carved figures: one image of Biris, another of Amphitrite and Poseidon, and near them Zeus and Hermes conversing with each other; close by stand Dionysus and Semele, with Ino beside Semele. | This sentence only describes carved figures on an altar and their arrangement; it does not narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 3.19.4 | 1 | mythic | other | πεποίηται δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ καὶ ἡ Δημήτηρ καὶ Κόρη καὶ Πλούτων, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖς Μοῖραί τε καὶ Ὧραι, σὺν δέ σφισιν Ἀφροδίτη καὶ Ἀθηνᾶ τε καὶ Ἄρτεμις· | On the altar are carved Demeter and Kore, as well as Plouton; above them stand the Moirai (Fates) and the Horae (Seasons), and together with these goddesses are Aphrodite, Athena, and Artemis. | This is a physical description of carved figures on an altar; it names divine figures but does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 3.19.4 | 3 | mythic | both | τοῦτο μὲν οὖν τοῦ Ὑακίνθου τὸ ἄγαλμα ἔχον ἐστὶν ἤδη γένεια, Νικίας δὲ ὁ Νικομήδους περισσῶς δή τι ἔγραψεν αὐτὸν ὡραῖον, τὸν ἐπὶ Ὑακίνθῳ λεγόμενον Ἀπόλλωνος ἔρωτα ὑποσημαίνων. | Now, this statue of Hyacinthus already has a beard, but Nicias, son of Nicomedes, depicted him especially handsome in order to recall the love that Apollo is said to have felt toward Hyacinthus. | The sentence mentions Apollo's love for Hyacinthus, a mythic claim, and also identifies Nicias son of Nicomedes as the historical artist who painted the statue. |
| 3.19.5 | 2 | mythic | other | εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ αἱ Θεστίου θυγατέρες ἐπὶ τῷ βωμῷ, καὶ Μοῦσαί τε καὶ Ὧραι. | Represented on the altar are likewise the daughters of Thestius, as well as the Muses and the Horae. | This is only a notice of figures represented on the altar; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 3.19.6 | 3 | mythic | other | καὶ Κλυταιμνήστρας ἐστὶν ἐνταῦθα εἰκὼν καὶ ἄγαλμα Ἀγαμέμνονος νομιζόμενον μνῆμα. | Here also is an image of Clytemnestra, a statue of Agamemnon, and what is said to be his tomb. | This sentence only notes the presence of images/statue/tomb and their location; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.19.8 | 3 | other | mythic | δοκεῖν δέ μοι Θηρίτας οὐ διὰ τὴν τροφὸν ἡ ἐπωνυμία τῷ Ἄρει γέγονεν, ὅτι δὲ ἀνδρὶ χρὴ πολεμίῳ καταστάντα ἐς μάχην οὐδὲν ἔτι ἔχειν ἤπιον, καθὰ δὴ καὶ Ὁμήρῳ περὶ Ἀχιλλέως πεποίηται λέων δʼ ὣς ἄγρια οἶδεν. Hom. Il. 24.41 | But in my opinion, the epithet Theritas was not given to Ares on account of any nurse, but because a warrior, when entering into battle with an enemy, must put aside every gentleness—a point similarly expressed by Homer regarding Achilles: "Like a lion, he knows savage ways." | The sentence explicitly discusses Ares and Achilles and cites Homeric mythic material; it is not a historical claim. |
| 3.19.10 | 3 | mythic | other | καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ Ῥοδίοις Ἑλένης ἱερόν ἐστι Δενδρίτιδος. | Because of this event, the Rhodians have a sanctuary dedicated to Helen "of the Tree" (Dendritis). | Bare notice that a sanctuary to Helen exists; it does not itself narrate the mythic event or any historical act. |
| 3.19.11 | 1 | mythic | other | ὃν δὲ οἶδα λέγοντας Κροτωνιάτας περὶ Ἑλένης λόγον, ὁμολογοῦντας δέ σφισι καὶ Ἱμεραίους, ἐπιμνησθήσομαι καὶ τοῦδε. | I shall now mention a tradition concerning Helen which I know the people of Croton relate, and which the inhabitants of Himera also agree with. | Authorial transition introducing a tradition; it does not itself narrate Helen's myth or any historical event. |
| 3.19.11 | 2 | mythic | other | ἔστιν ἐν τῷ Εὐξείνῳ νῆσος κατὰ τοῦ Ἴστρου τὰς ἐκβολὰς Ἀχιλλέως ἱερά. | There is in the Euxine Sea an island located near the mouths of the Ister sacred to Achilles. | This is a bare locational notice that an island exists and is sacred to Achilles; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 3.19.11 | 3 | mythic | other | ὄνομα μὲν τῇ νήσῳ Λευκή, περίπλους δὲ αὐτῇ σταδίων εἴκοσι, δασεῖα δὲ ὕλῃ πᾶσα καὶ πλήρης ζῴων ἀγρίων καὶ ἡμέρων, καὶ ναὸς Ἀχιλλέως καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐν αὐτῇ. | The name of this island is Leuke, its circumference is twenty stadia, and it is entirely covered with trees, filled with wild and tame animals; and upon it there is a temple dedicated to Achilles and a statue of him. | This sentence only locates and describes the island and notes the existence of Achilles' temple and statue; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.19.12 | 2 | mythic | both | πολέμου γὰρ Κροτωνιάταις συνεστηκότος πρὸς τοὺς ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ Λοκρούς, τῶν Λοκρῶν κατὰ οἰκειότητα πρὸς Ὀπουντίους Αἴαντα τὸν Ὀιλέως ἐς τὰς μάχας ἐπικαλουμένων, ὁ Λεώνυμος Κροτωνιάταις στρατηγῶν ἐπῄει τοῖς ἐναντίοίς κατὰ τοῦτο ᾗ προτετάχθαι σφίσι τὸν Αἴαντα ἤκουε. | For when war arose between the Crotoniats and the Locrians in Italy, and the Locrians, due to their kinship with the Opuntians, called upon Ajax son of Oileus to support them in battle, Leonymus, who was commanding the Crotoniats, attacked the enemy at precisely the place where he heard Ajax had been arrayed against them. | The sentence narrates a historical war between Crotoniats and Locrians and a historical commander, Leonymus; it also invokes Ajax son of Oileus as a mythic heroic figure called upon in battle. |
| 3.19.12 | 3 | mythic | other | τιτρώσκεται δὴ τὸ στέρνον καὶ--- ἔκαμνε γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦ τραύματος---ἀφίκετο ἐς Δελφούς. | He received a wound in his chest, and, suffering terribly from the injury, travelled to Delphi. | The sentence only reports a wound and travel to Delphi; it does not itself assert mythic or historical content. |
| 3.20.1 | 3 | mythic | other | ἡ δὲ Πολυδεύκειά ἐστιν αὐτή τε ἡ κρήνη καὶ Πολυδεύκους ἱερὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς ἐς Θεράπνην ὁδοῦ. | Polydeucea itself consists both of the spring and of a sanctuary of Polydeuces, situated on the right side of the road leading to Therapne. | Bare location/description of a spring and sanctuary on a road; no mythic narrative or historical event asserted. |
| 3.20.2 | 4 | mythic | other | καί σφισι Λακεδαίμονος τοῦ Ταϋγέτης ἐνταῦθά ἐστιν ἡρῷον. | Here also stands the hero shrine of Lakedaimon, the son of Taygete. | Bare notice that a hero shrine stands here; it names Lakedaimon but does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 3.20.3 | 4 | other | mythic | γενέσθαι δέ οἱ τὴν ἐπίκλησιν ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς λέγουσιν ἱερασαμένου τῷ θεῷ. | The god, they say, received the surname from a man who performed ritual sacrifices in his honor. | Explains a cult surname by a man's sacrificial act; this is a cult etiological story, not post-500 BCE history. |
| 3.20.5 | 3 | mythic | other | καὶ Ὀρφέως ἐστὶν ἐν αὐτῷ ξόανον, Πελασγῶν ὥς φασιν ἔργον. | And therein stands a wooden image of Orpheus, said to be the work of the Pelasgians. | This is only a notice that a wooden image of Orpheus exists there and an attribution of its workmanship; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.20.6 | 3 | mythic | both | τοῦτο ᾤκισε μὲν Ἕλιος νεώτατος τῶν Περσέως παίδων, Δωριεῖς δὲ παρεστήσαντο ὕστερον πολιορκίᾳ, καὶ πρῶτοί τε ἐγένοντο οὗτοι Λακεδαιμονίων δοῦλοι τοῦ κοινοῦ καὶ εἵλωτες ἐκλήθησαν πρῶτοι, καθάπερ γε καὶ ἦσαν· | Helos was founded by Helios, the youngest son of Perseus; later, the Dorians captured the city by siege, and these inhabitants became the first slaves of the commonwealth of Lacedaemon, called Helots after their true condition. | The sentence gives a foundation legend by Helios and also a post-mythic historical/political account of the Dorians capturing Helos and the origin of the Helots. |
| 3.20.9 | 3 | mythic | other | ὁ δὲ ὅρκος ἦν Ἑλένῃ καὶ τῷ γῆμαι προκριθέντι Ἑλένην ἀμυνεῖν ἀδικουμένοις· | The oath bound them to defend Helen and the chosen husband, should either suffer injustice. | This is a procedural statement about the oath's terms, not a mythic narrative or historical event. |
| 3.20.11 | 1 | mythic | other | Ὀδυσσεὺς δὲ τέως μὲν ἠνείχετο, τέλος δὲ ἐκέλευε Πηνελόπην συνακολουθεῖν ἑκοῦσαν ἢ τὸν πατέρα ἑλομένην ἀναχωρεῖν ἐς Λακεδαίμονα. | Odysseus endured this situation for some time, but finally told Penelope to follow him willingly, or else, choosing her father, return again to Lacedaemon. | A narrative action by Odysseus in dialogue, but no mythic or historical assertion beyond the character name. |
| 3.21.1 | 1 | historical | other | προελθόντι δὲ αὐτόθεν σταδίους εἴκοσι τοῦ Εὐρώτα τὸ ῥεῦμα ἐγγυτάτω τῆς ὁδοῦ γίνεται, καὶ Λάδα μνῆμά ἐστιν ὠκύτητι ὑπερβαλομένου ποδῶν τοὺς ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ· | After advancing from there about twenty stades, the current of the Eurotas approaches closest to the road, and there is the memorial of Ladas, who surpassed in swiftness of foot all rivals of his time. | This sentence is mainly a route note and a bare notice of Ladas' memorial; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.21.1 | 4 | other | historical | τὸν δὲ ὁμώνυμον τούτῳ, νίκην καὶ αὐτὸν Ὀλυμπίασι, πλὴν οὐ δολίχου, σταδίου δὲ ἀνελόμενον, Ἀχαιὸν ἐξ Αἰγίου φησὶν εἶναι καὶ τὰ ἐς τοὺς Ὀλυμπιονίκας Ἠλείων γράμματα. | There is another Olympic victor with the same name, who won not in the dolichos but in the stadion; according to the records of the Eleans concerning Olympic victors, he was an Achaean from Aigion. | The sentence reports an Olympic victor and cites Eleian records about him, which is historical biographical/record material; it contains no mythic narrative. |
| 3.22.2 | 2 | mythic | historical | Μενέλαος δὲ Ἴλιον ἑλὼν καὶ ἔτεσιν ὕστερον ὀκτὼ μετὰ Τροίας πόρθησιν οἴκαδε ἀνασωθεὶς ἄγαλμα Θέτιδος καὶ θεὰς Πραξιδίκας ἱδρύσατο ἐγγὺς τῆς Μιγωνίτιδος. | After Menelaus had captured Ilium, and when, eight years subsequent to the sack of Troy, he had safely returned home, he dedicated the statue of Thetis and images of the goddesses called Praxidikai near Migonium. | The sentence reports Menelaus's post-Troy return and dedication of votive images, a historical/dedicatory act; it does not narrate a mythic deed itself. |
| 3.22.7 | 4 | historical | other | τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ τοῦ ἀγάλματος πῦρ ἠφάνισεν ὁμοῦ τῷ προτέρῳ ναῷ. | The remainder of the statue was destroyed by fire, along with the earlier temple. | Reports destruction of a statue and earlier temple by fire; this is a physical/historical note, not myth narration or a historical event with agent. |
| 3.22.9 | 3 | historical | other | ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ ναός τε Ῥωμαίων βασιλέων καὶ ἀνωτέρω τῆς πόλεως ὅσον τε σταδίους δώδεκα καὶ ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ· | Within it is a temple of the Roman emperors, and about twelve stades above the city, there is a sanctuary of Asclepius. | Bare location notice of a temple and sanctuary; no mythic narrative or historical event asserted. |
| 3.22.9 | 4 | mythic | other | Φιλόλαον τὸν θεὸν ὀνομάζουσι. | They call the god Philolaus. | Bare naming/identification of a god; no mythic action, genealogy, or historical event is asserted. |
| 3.22.12 | 1 | mythic | other | ἀπὸ δὴ τούτων τῶν πόλεων ἀναστάντες ἐζήτουν ἔνθα οἰκῆσαι σφᾶς χρεὼν εἴη· | Having departed from these cities, they began to seek a new place where it was ordained for them to dwell. | A route/movement note about departing cities and seeking a place to dwell; no mythic or historical event is asserted. |
| 3.22.12 | 3 | mythic | other | ὡς οὖν ἐκβᾶσιν ἐς τὴν γῆν λαγὼς ἐπιφαίνεται, τὸν λαγὼν ἐποιήσαντο ἡγεμόνα τῆς ὁδοῦ· | When, therefore, they landed on the coast, a hare suddenly appeared before them, and they made this hare their guide along the way. | A route narrative about a hare appearing and being made a guide; no mythic deed or historical event is asserted. |
| 3.22.12 | 5 | mythic | other | καὶ τὸ δένδρον ἔτι ἐκείνην σέβουσι τὴν μυρσίνην καὶ Ἄρτεμιν ὀνομάζουσι Σώτειραν. | Even now they hold the myrtle tree sacred, and they honor Artemis by the name of Soteira ("Savior"). | This is a cultic/ritual notice about honoring a tree and Artemis by a title, not a narrated myth or historical event. |
| 3.23.3 | 1 | mythic | other | τὸ γὰρ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος ξόανον, ὃ νῦν ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα, ἐν Δήλῳ ποτὲ ἵδρυτο. | For the wooden image of Apollo which now stands here, was once set up in Delos. | A bare note about the image's former location; it does not narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 3.23.4 | 3 | historical | both | ἅτε δὲ πορθουμένης τε καὶ ἁρπαζομένης, τῶν τις βαρβάρων ὑπὸ ὕβρεως τὸ ξόανον τοῦτο ἀπέρριψεν ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν· ὑπολαβὼν δὲ ὁ κλύδων ἐνταῦθα τῆς Βοιατῶν ἀπήνεγκε, καὶ τὸ χωρίον διὰ τοῦτο Ἐπιδήλιον ὀνομάζουσι. | In the midst of this plundering and devastation, one of the barbarians insolently cast this statue into the sea; but the wave caught it and carried it over to this place in Boeotia, which consequently came to be called Epidelion. | The sentence gives a naming/foundation legend for Epidelion involving the statue's miraculous sea-borne arrival, and it also situates the act in a barbarian plundering episode, a historical wartime context. |
| 3.23.6 | 1 | mythic | other | τούτοις μὲν τοιαῦτα ἀπήντησεν ἀσεβήσασι· | Such then was the fate that overtook those who committed impiety. | General moralizing statement about impious people receiving punishment; no specific mythic or historical event is narrated. |
| 3.23.8 | 1 | mythic | other | προελθόντι δὲ ἐν δεξιᾷ δύο που σταδίους, ἔστιν Ἰνοῦς καλούμενον ὕδωρ, | Proceeding onwards about two stades on the right side, there is water called the water of Ino. | A route note locating a spring/water source; it merely names 'water of Ino' without asserting mythic narrative or historical ঘটনা. |
| 3.23.8 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐς τοῦτο τὸ ὕδωρ ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ τῆς Ἰνοῦς ἐμβάλλουσιν ἀλφίτων μάζας. | At the festival of Ino, they cast cakes of barley meal into this water. | Describes a ritual practice at a festival; it is procedural/ritual instruction rather than narrating mythic or historical events. |
| 3.24.1 | 1 | historical | other | Ἐπιδαύρου δὲ σταδίους ἑκατὸν ἀπέχει Ζάραξ, ἄλλως μὲν εὐλίμενον χωρίον, τῶν δὲ Ἐλευθερολακώνων μάλιστα τοῦτο ἐκτετρύχωται, ἐπεὶ καὶ Κλεώνυμος ὁ Κλεομένους τοῦ Ἀγησιπόλιδος μόνον τοῦτο τῶν Λακωνικῶν πολισμάτων ἐποίησεν ἀνάστατον· | Zarax lies about a hundred stades from Epidaurus. | Pure route/topographic note giving Zarax's distance from Epidaurus; no mythic or historical assertion in this sentence itself. |
| 3.24.1 | 2 | historical | both | καί μοι τὰ ἐς τὸν Κλεώνυμον ἑτέρωθί ἐστιν εἰρημένα. | The place otherwise has a good harbor, but it has suffered most among the towns of the Eleutherolaconians; indeed, Cleonymus, son of Cleomenes and grandson of Agesipolis, made this alone of the Laconian towns desolate. | The sentence explicitly refers back to Cleonymus, a historical Spartan figure, and states that he made the town desolate; it also gives his genealogy (son of Cleomenes, grandson of Agesipolis), which is historical/biographical content. |
| 3.24.5 | 4 | mythic | other | οὐκ οἶδα εἰ Διοσκούρους σφᾶς ἢ Κορύβαντας νομίζουσι· τρεῖς δʼ οὖν εἰσί, τέταρτον δὲ Ἀθηνᾶς ἄγαλμα. | I do not know whether the locals consider them Dioscuri or Corybantes—there are indeed three of them, and a fourth statue represents Athena. | This is a bare identification/location note about statues and who they represent; it does not itself narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 3.25.4 | 2 | other | mythic | τὸν δὲ οἰκιστὴν οἱ ταύτῃ Τεύθραντα Ἀθηναῖον ὄντα ἀποφαίνουσι, τιμῶσι δὲ θεῶν μάλιστα Ἰσσωρίαν Ἄρτεμιν, καὶ πηγή σφισίν ἐστι Ναΐα. | The local inhabitants say its founder was Teuthras, who was an Athenian. | The sentence asserts a foundation legend by naming Teuthras as the founder; this is mythic/etiological content, not post-500 BCE history. |
| 3.25.5 | 2 | other | both | ἀλλὰ Ἑκαταῖος μὲν ὁ Μιλήσιος λόγον εὗρεν εἰκότα, ὄφιν φήσας ἐπὶ Ταινάρῳ τραφῆναι δεινόν, κληθῆναι δὲ Ἅιδου κύνα, ὅτι ἔδει τὸν δηχθέντα τεθνάναι παραυτίκα ὑπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ. | But Hecataeus of Miletus provided a more plausible account, saying that a terrible serpent was reared at Taenarum, called the hound of Hades because anyone bitten immediately died from its venom. | Mentions Hecataeus of Miletus, a historical author, and reports a mythic etiology about the serpent called Hades' hound. |
| 3.25.8 | 2 | other | mythic | τοῦτο ἔπαυσε γυνὴ τὸ ὕδωρ μὴ καὶ τοῦ λοιποῦ τοιαῦτα ἐπιδείκνυσθαι, μεμιασμένην ἐναποπλύνασα ἐσθῆτα. | A woman caused this marvel to cease and prevented such visions from appearing ever again by washing into it clothing that had been defiled. | The sentence itself reports a marvel being ended by a woman's action, a cult-etiological/miraculous narrative rather than a historical event. |
| 3.26.3 | 1 | mythic | other | ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ νησῖδι ἀγάλματα Διοσκούρων χαλκᾶ μέγεθος ποδιαῖα ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ τῆς νησῖδός ἐστιν· | On this small island stand bronze statues of the Dioscuri, a foot tall and set in the open air. | Bare location/description of statues on an island; it names the Dioscuri but does not assert any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 3.26.3 | 4 | mythic | other | τὴν δὲ χώραν οἱ Μεσσήνιοι ταύτην αὑτῶν φασιν εἶναι τὸ ἀρχαῖον, ὥστε καὶ τοὺς Διοσκούρους μᾶλλόν τι αὑτοῖς καὶ οὐ Λακεδαιμονίοις προσήκειν νομίζουσιν. | The Messenians claim that this territory originally belonged to them, so that they regard even the Dioscuri as belonging sooner to themselves than to the Lacedaemonians. | This is a claim about territorial ownership and a comparative claim about the Dioscuri, but it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.26.5 | 1 | mythic | other | πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Κασσάνδρας τῆς Πριάμου ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα, Ἀλεξάνδρας ὑπὸ τῶν ἐγχωρίων καλουμένης· | There is also a temple and a statue made for Cassandra, the daughter of Priam, who is called Alexandra by the locals. | This sentence only notes the existence of a temple and statue and identifies Cassandra/Alexandra; it does not narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 3.26.6 | 3 | mythic | other | ὡς δὲ ἀνεφάνη τὸ χωρίον ψιλόν, ἄγαλμα ἐνταῦθα ἱδρυμένον εὑρέθη Διὸς Ἰθωμάτα. | When the place was left bare, there was discovered, set up there, a statue of Zeus Ithomatas. | Bare notice of a statue's discovery and location; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted. |
| 3.26.7 | 1 | historical | both | Καρδαμύλη δέ, ἧς καὶ Ὅμηρος μνήμην ἐποιήσατο ἐν Ἀγαμέμνονος ὑποσχέσεσι δώρων, Λακεδαιμονίων ἐστὶν ὑπήκοος τῶν ἐν Σπάρτῃ, βασιλέως Αὐγούστου τῆς Μεσσηνίας ἀποτεμομένου. | Kardamyle, mentioned also by Homer among the places Agamemnon promised as gifts, is subject to the Lacedaemonians of Sparta, Augustus having detached it from Messenia. | Mentions Homer’s Agamemnon gift-promise tradition (mythic) and Augustus detaching Kardamyle from Messenia (historical). |
| 3.26.8 | 1 | other | historical | πόλιν δὲ ὀνομαζομένην ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν Ἐνόπην τοῖς Ὁμήρου, Μεσσηνίους ὄντας, ἐς δὲ τὸ συνέδριον συντελοῦντας τὸ Ἐλευθερολακώνων, καλοῦσιν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Γερηνίαν. | The city which in Homeric verses is called Enope, inhabited by Messenians who in my day belong to the league of the Eleutherolakones, is today called Gerenia. | The sentence identifies the city by its Homeric name and notes its present-day name and membership in the Eleutherolakones league; the league membership is a historical institutional fact. |
| 3.26.9 | 1 | mythic | other | ἐνταῦθα ἐν τῇ Γερηνίᾳ Μαχάονος τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ μνῆμα καὶ ἱερόν ἐστιν ἅγιον, καὶ ἀνθρώποις νόσων ἰάματα παρὰ τῷ Μαχάονι ἔστιν εὑρέσθαι. | Here in Gerenia there is the tomb of Machaon, son of Asclepius, and a holy sanctuary; and those suffering from diseases can seek cures from Machaon. | This sentence only locates Machaon's tomb and sanctuary and describes their healing function; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 3.26.9 | 2 | mythic | other | καὶ Ῥόδον μὲν τὸ χωρίον τὸ ἱερὸν ὀνομάζουσιν, ἄγαλμα δὲ τοῦ Μαχάονος χαλκοῦν ἐστιν ὀρθόν· ἐπίκειται δέ οἱ τῇ κεφαλῇ στέφανος, ὃν οἱ Μεσσήνιοι κίφος καλοῦσι τῇ ἐπιχωρίῳ φωνῇ. | They call the sacred place Rhodos, and there is a bronze statue of Machaon standing upright; upon his head is placed a wreath, which the Messenians in their local dialect call a 'kiphos'. | The sentence only identifies a sacred place and describes a statue and its wreath; it does not narrate any mythic deed or historical event. |