Sentences where the two classifiers disagree
| Passage | Sentence | Original | Greta-inspired | Greek | English | Greta-inspired rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.1.1 | 3 | historical | mythic | καὶ οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ Δωριέων ἐκ τῆς σφετέρας ἀνέστησαν, οὐ μέντοι Πελοποννήσου γε ἐξεχώρησαν, ἀλλὰ ἐκβαλόντες Ἴωνας νέμονται τὸν Αἰγιαλὸν τὸ ἀρχαῖον, νῦν δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν τούτων καλούμενον· | Of these, the Achaeans were displaced from their homeland by the Dorians, yet they did not at least depart from the Peloponnese entirely; instead, expelling the Ionians, they settled what was formerly called Aigialos, but now is named from these Achaeans. | This sentence asserts a legendary migration and displacement of Ionians/Achaeans by Dorians, including an etiology for the name Aigialos/Achaeans. |
| 5.1.2 | 4 | historical | other | Δρύοπες δὲ καὶ Δωριεῖς, οἱ μὲν ἐκ Παρνασσοῦ, Δωριεῖς δὲ ἐκ τῆς Οἴτης ἐς Πελοπόννησόν εἰσιν ἀφιγμένοι. | As to the Dryopians and the Dorians, the former came from Parnassus, and the Dorians came from Oeta to the Peloponnese. | This is a migration/origin note locating the Dryopians and Dorians; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 5.1.4 | 4 | other | mythic | καὶ Ἐπειοὶ πρῶτον τότε ὧν ἦρχεν ὠνομάσθησαν. | And thus for the first time those under his rule were called Epeians. | A naming/etymological legend: the people are said to have first been called Epeians under his rule. |
| 5.1.6 | 2 | mythic | historical | καὶ τάδε ἄλλα συνέβη κατʼ Ἐπειὸν βασιλεύοντα. | Other events also occurred during the reign of Epeius. | Mentions events occurring during the reign of Epeius, which is a historical-style biographical/political assertion rather than myth narration. |
| 5.1.8 | 4 | historical | other | καὶ τὸ ὄνομα οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸ νῦν ἀντὶ Ἐπειῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἠλείου μεταβεβλήκασιν. | From him, the people changed their name from Epeians to Eleans, the name they bear until this day. | This is a naming-change statement about the people’s current ethnonym, not a narrated mythic deed or a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 5.1.10 | 1 | historical | other | καὶ ὁ μὲν καὶ τοῦτο ἐξειργάσατο ἐκτρέψας τοῦ Μηνίου τὸ ῥεῦμα ἐς τὴν κόπρον· | And he accomplished this task by diverting the stream of the river Menius into the dung. | A physical/topographic action only: diverting a river stream; no mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 5.2.1 | 3 | mythic | other | ἀφανοῦς δὲ ὄντος τοῦ εἰργασμένου τὸν φόνον μάλιστα ἐποιεῖτο ἡ Μολίνη σπουδὴν τῶν παίδων τὸν αὐτόχειρα ἐξευρεῖν. | Since the perpetrator of this crime remained unknown, their mother Moline made every possible effort to discover who had actually committed the murder of her sons. | States only that Moline sought to discover the murderer; this is narrative action without mythic or historical assertion. |
| 5.2.2 | 1 | mythic | other | ὡς δὲ ἔμαθεν, ἐνταῦθα οἱ Ἠλεῖοι δίκας τοῦ φόνου παρὰ Ἀργείων ἀπῄτουν· τηνικαῦτα γὰρ ἔτυχεν Ἡρακλῆς ἐν Τίρυνθι οἰκῶν. | When the Eleans learned of this, they demanded satisfaction from the Argives for the murder, since at that time Heracles happened to be dwelling in Tiryns. | The sentence is a narrative transition about the Eleans demanding satisfaction and merely locates Heracles in Tiryns; it does not itself assert a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 5.2.2 | 4 | mythic | both | φυλάσσουσι δὲ τῆς Μολίνης καὶ ἐς τόδε ἔτι τὰς κατάρας, καὶ ὅσοι τὰ σώματα ἀσκοῦσιν Ἠλείων, οὔ σφισιν ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐσελθεῖν καθέστηκε τὸν Ἰσθμικόν. | Even to the present day, the Eleans observe this curse of Molione, and none of them who practice athletics are permitted to enter the Isthmian competitions. | The sentence itself refers to the curse of Molione, a mythic figure, and to a continuing Eleian rule excluding athletes from the Isthmian games, a historical institutional practice. |
| 5.2.4 | 2 | historical | other | τούτους ἐπὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐλθόντας τῶν Ἰσθμίων παγκρατιάσοντας ἐν παισί, τὸν δὲ αὐτῶν παλαίσοντα, ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνταγωνιστῶν, πρὶν ἢ ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐσελθεῖν, ἀποπνιγῆναι σφᾶς ἢ καὶ ἄλλῳ τῷ τρόπῳ διαχρησθῆναι· | When these two came to compete in the boys' pankration at the Isthmian Games—one intended to wrestle—they were strangled or otherwise murdered by their rivals before they entered the competition. | Reports a violent incident involving competitors at the Isthmian Games; this is a historical anecdote, but the sentence itself is not mythic and does not assert a post-500 BCE historical event with a named historical agent. |
| 5.2.5 | 1 | other | historical | Τίμωνι γὰρ ἀνδρὶ Ἠλείῳ γεγόνασι πεντάθλου νῖκαι τῶν ἐν Ἕλλησιν ἀγώνων, καί οἱ καὶ εἰκών ἐστιν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ ἐλεγεῖον, στεφάνους τε ὁπόσους ἀνείλετο ὁ Τίμων λέγον καὶ δὴ καὶ αἰτίαν διʼ ἥντινα Ἰσθμικῆς οὐ μέτεστιν αὐτῷ νίκης· | For the Elean, Timon, won victories in the pentathlon at the Greek games, and he has a statue in Olympia as well as an elegiac couplet. | The sentence reports Timon’s victories in the pentathlon and his statue/couplet, which are historical athletic achievements and commemorations. |
| 5.2.5 | 2 | historical | other | καὶ ἔχει τὰ ἐς τοῦτο τὸ ἐλεγεῖον· | This elegy records how many crowns Timon won, and indeed describes also the reason why he did not participate in an Isthmian victory. | Authorial reference to an elegy and what it contains; no mythic or historical event is asserted in the sentence itself. |
| 5.3.2 | 3 | other | mythic | ὑπερησθέντες δὲ ἀμφότεροι τῇ μίξει καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες, ἔνθα συνεγένοντο ἀλλήλοις πρῶτον, αὐτό τε τὸ χωρίον Βαδὺ ὀνομάζουσι καὶ ποταμὸν τὸν ῥέοντα ἐνταῦθα ὕδωρ Βαδὺ ἐπιχωρίῳ φωνῇ. | Greatly rejoicing, both the women and the men, at their union, they named the very place where they first joined each other "Bady," and gave the same name "Bady"—in the local tongue—to a river flowing there. | This sentence itself gives a naming legend for the place and river, which is mythic/etiological content; it does not assert post-500 BCE historical events. |
| 5.3.4 | 1 | mythic | other | οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ Ἀμαρυγκεὺς οὔτε αὐτὸς διέμεινεν ἰδιωτεύων οὔτε Διώρης ὁ Ἀμαρυγκέως. | Neither did Amarynkeus himself remain in private life, nor did his son Diores, the son of Amarynkeus. | The sentence only states that Amarynkeus and his son Diores did not remain in private life; it is a biographical/status remark without mythic narration or post-500 BCE historical assertion. |
| 5.3.6 | 2 | historical | other | ὁ δὲ σφᾶς ναυσὶν ἐκέλευεν ἐς Πελοπόννησον κατιέναι μηδὲ στρατῷ πεζῷ διὰ τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ πειρᾶσθαι. | He advised them to sail to the Peloponnesus in ships and not attempt passage through the Isthmus with a land army. | A strategic instruction about travel by ship versus land through the Isthmus; no mythic or historical event is asserted. |
| 5.3.6 | 4 | mythic | other | οἱ δὲ ἀντὶ τούτου δεηθέντι τὴν Ἠλείαν γῆν συνέθεντο αὐτῷ δώσειν. | In return for this favor, at his request, they agreed to give him the land of Elis. | A political agreement to give someone land is historical-institutional content, but this sentence is only the agreement itself and lacks a specific datable act or historical biography; treated conservatively as other. |
| 5.4.1 | 2 | mythic | other | Ὀξύλῳ δὲ σπεύσαντι ἀμαχεὶ λαβεῖν τὴν Ἠλείων ἀρχὴν Δῖος οὐκ εἶκε, πρόκλησιν δὲ ἐποιεῖτο μὴ σφᾶς παρασκευῇ τῇ πάσῃ διακινδυνεῦσαι, προκριθῆναι δὲ ἀφʼ ἑκατέρων στρατιώτην ἕνα ἐς τὴν μάχην· | For this reason Oxylus guided the Dorians through Arcadia rather than through Elis. | This sentence is a route/strategic note about Oxylus guiding the Dorians through Arcadia rather than Elis; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical content. |
| 5.4.2 | 1 | historical | other | καί πως συνήρεσε ταῦτα ἀμφοτέροις, οἱ δὲ ἐς τὸ ἔργον προταχθέντες Δέγμενός τε Ἠλεῖος ἦν τοξότης καὶ παρὰ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν Πυραίχμης σφενδόνην δεδιδαγμένος. | And somehow these events served the interests of both parties. Those appointed beforehand for the contest were Degmenos, an Elean archer, and Pyraichmes, an Aetolian skilled with the sling. | This sentence only identifies participants and their skills for the contest; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 5.4.4 | 1 | other | mythic | τῷ δὲ Ὀξύλῳ Πιερίαν μὲν τῇ γυναικὶ ὄνομα εἶναι λέγουσι, πέρα δὲ τὰ ἐς αὐτὴν οὐ μνημονεύουσιν. | They say the name of Oxylus' wife was Pieria, but beyond this they do not mention anything regarding her. | Mentions Oxylus and his wife Pieria, a mythic genealogical notice about a heroic figure. |
| 5.4.4 | 4 | other | mythic | ἔθαψαν δὲ αὐτὸν οὕτω κατὰ μαντείαν, ὡς μήτε ἐκτὸς τῆς πόλεως μήτε ἐντὸς γένοιτο ὁ νεκρός. | They buried him thus according to an oracle, so that the corpse might be neither outside nor inside the city. | The sentence reports a burial carried out according to an oracle, which is a mythic/religious etiological claim; it does not assert post-500 BCE historical action. |
| 5.4.4 | 5 | mythic | other | ἐναγίζει δὲ ὁ γυμνασίαρχος ἔτι καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ καθʼ ἕκαστον ἔτος τῷ Αἰτωλῷ. | The Gymnasiarch even in my own time continues to perform annual offerings for Aetolus. | This is a present-day ritual practice note about annual offerings, not a mythic narrative or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 5.4.5 | 2 | historical | other | οὐ μὴν τούς γε ἀπογόνους αὐτοῦ βασιλεύοντας εὕρισκον, καὶ σφᾶς ἐπιστάμενος ὅμως παρίημι· οὐ γάρ τί μοι καταβῆναι τὸν λόγον ἠθέλησα ἐς ἄνδρας ἰδιώτας. | However, I did not find any of his descendants continuing as kings; though aware of them, I intentionally pass them over, as I have no wish to descend my narrative to common individuals. | Authorial aside about omitting descendants; no mythic or historical event is asserted in the sentence itself. |
| 5.4.6 | 1 | historical | other | τῷ δὲ Ἰφίτῳ, φθειρομένης τότε δὴ μάλιστα τῆς Ἑλλάδος ὑπὸ ἐμφυλίων στάσεων καὶ ὑπὸ νόσου λοιμώδους, ἐπῆλθεν αἰτῆσαι τὸν ἐν Δελφοῖς θεὸν λύσιν τῶν κακῶν· | When Greece was then particularly ravaged by civil strife and an epidemic disease, Iphitos resolved to ask the god at Delphi for relief from these evils. | This sentence only sets the historical/moral context and says Iphitos asked the Delphic god for help; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 5.4.6 | 2 | historical | both | καί οἱ προσταχθῆναί φασιν ὑπὸ τῆς Πυθίας ὡς αὐτόν τε Ἴφιτον δέοι καὶ Ἠλείους τὸν Ὀλυμπικὸν ἀγῶνα ἀνανεώσασθαι. | The Pythian priestess commanded Iphitos himself, together with the Eleans, to renew the Olympic festival. | An oracle command to Iphitos and the Eleans to renew the Olympic festival is a cult-etiology tied to a named historical figure and institution. |
| 5.4.6 | 5 | other | mythic | τὰ δὲ Ἠλείων γράμματα ἀρχαῖα ἐς πατέρα ὁμώνυμον ἀνῆγε τὸν Ἴφιτον. | However, ancient Elean writings trace Iphitos back to a father of the same name. | The sentence gives a genealogical claim tracing Iphitos to a namesake father, which is mythic/legendary content rather than a bare location or historical event. |
| 5.4.7 | 1 | historical | both | Ἠλείοις δὲ μέτεστι μὲν πολέμου τοῦ πρὸς Ἰλίῳ, μέτεστι δὲ καὶ ἔργων τῶν κατὰ τὴν Μήδων ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἔφοδον. | The Eleans took part both in the Trojan War and in the later struggle of the Greeks against the Persian invasion. | The sentence explicitly mentions participation in the Trojan War (mythic) and in the Persian invasion of Greece (historical). |
| 5.5.1 | 3 | historical | other | τὰ μὲν δὴ ἐς πόλεμον τοιαῦτα ὑπῆρχεν Ἠλείοις, ὡς περὶ αὐτῶν ἡμῖν ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἀπαριθμῆσαι μετρίως· | Such, then, were the affairs of war among the Eleans, as I thought fit to recount them briefly at this point. | Authorial transition summarizing prior war matters; no mythic or historical event is asserted in this sentence itself. |
| 5.5.4 | 1 | other | mythic | τεθῆναι δὲ τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομά φασιν ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκιστοῦ Λεπρέου τοῦ Πυργέως. | They say that the city was named after its founder Lepreus, son of Pyrgeus. | A naming/foundation legend: the city is said to have been named after its founder Lepreus, a mythic figure. |
| 5.5.5 | 1 | other | mythic | ἤδη δὲ ἤκουσα θυγατρὶ τοῦ Πυργέως Λεπρέᾳ προσποιούντων τὸν οἰκισμόν· | But I have also heard that Lepreus attributed its founding to Leprea, daughter of Pyrgeus. | This sentence reports a foundation legend attributing the city's founding to Leprea, a named mythic/heroic figure. |
| 5.5.5 | 2 | other | mythic | οἱ δὲ τοῖς πρῶτον οἰκήσασιν ἐν τῇ γῇ νόσον φασὶν ἐπιγενέσθαι λέπραν καὶ οὕτω τὸ ὄνομα λαβεῖν τὴν πόλιν ἐπὶ τῶν οἰκητόρων τῇ συμφορᾷ. | Others say that when people first settled in this land, they were afflicted by a disease, leprosy (lepra), and that the city took its name from this calamity which befell its inhabitants. | This sentence gives an aetiological foundation legend: the city is said to have taken its name from a calamity affecting the first settlers. |
| 5.5.5 | 3 | mythic | other | γενέσθαι δὲ οἱ Λεπρεῖταί σφισιν ἔλεγον ἐν τῇ πόλει Λευκαίου Διὸς ναὸν καὶ Λυκούργου τάφον τοῦ Ἀλέου καὶ ἄλλον Καύκωνος· τούτῳ δὲ καὶ ἐπίθημα ἄνδρα ἐπεῖναι λύραν ἔχοντα. | The Lepreans said that they had in their city a temple of Zeus Leukaios (Of Leucas), and the tomb of Lykourgos, son of Aleus, and another tomb of Caucon; upon Caucon's tomb was a statue of a man holding a lyre. | This sentence only locates a temple and tombs and describes a statue; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 5.5.11 | 1 | mythic | other | ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ Σαμικῷ σπήλαιον οὐκ ἄπωθεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ, καλούμενον Ἀνιγρίδων νυμφῶν. | In Samicum there is a cave not far from the river, called after the Nymphs Anigrides. | This is only a location notice identifying a cave and its name; it does not narrate any mythic story or historical event. |
| 5.5.11 | 3 | mythic | other | μετὰ δὲ ἀποσμήχει τὰ νοσοῦντα τοῦ σώματος· διανηξάμενος δὲ τὸν ποταμὸν ὄνειδος μὲν ἐκεῖνο κατέλιπεν ἐν τῷ ὕδατι αὐτοῦ, | Afterwards, he wipes clean the diseased parts of his body, then swims across the river, leaving behind the affliction in the water. | Procedural description of washing and crossing a river; no mythic or historical assertion in this sentence itself. |
| 5.6.7 | 2 | other | historical | κατὰ τούτου τὰς γυναῖκας Ἠλείοις ἐστὶν ὠθεῖν νόμος, ἢν φωραθῶσιν ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐλθοῦσαι τὸν Ὀλυμπικὸν ἢ καὶ ὅλως ἐν ταῖς ἀπειρημέναις σφίσιν ἡμέραις διαβᾶσαι τὸν Ἀλφειόν. | According to local law, from this mountain the Eleans cast down any women who are caught having come to watch the Olympic games, or even those found to have crossed the Alpheios river at all during the days that are forbidden to them. | The sentence states a local law and its enforcement concerning the Olympic games, which is a historical institutional practice rather than myth. |
| 5.7.3 | 1 | mythic | other | ταῦτα μὲν λόγου τοῦ ἐς Ἀλφειὸν †ἐς τὴν Ὀρτυγίαν †· | So much for the story regarding Alpheios and Ortygia. | Authorial transition/cross-reference only; it merely closes the preceding story and does not itself assert mythic or historical content. |
| 5.7.3 | 4 | mythic | other | μισγόμενον πηγαῖσιν ἐυρρείτης Ἀρεθούσης. | "An isle called Ortygia lies on the misty sea, above Thrinacia, where the mouth of Alpheios gushes forth, mingling with the streams of wide-flowing Arethousa." | This is a topographic/physical description of waters mingling at Arethousa, with no narrated mythic deed or historical event in the sentence itself. |
| 5.7.9 | 3 | historical | mythic | διὰ πέμπτου οὖν ἔτους αὐτὸν κατεστήσατο ἄγεσθαι, ὅτι αὐτός τε καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ πέντε ἦσαν ἀριθμόν. | He ordained that it should be held every fifth year because he himself and his brothers numbered five in all. | This sentence gives a cult etiology: the festival was set for every fifth year because he and his brothers were five, a mythic explanatory story. |
| 5.8.3 | 4 | mythic | other | Ὅμηρος γοῦν ἐν ἄθλοις τεθεῖσιν ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ πεποίηκεν ὡς Μενέλαος Αἴθῃ τῇ Ἀγαμέμνονος, τῷ δὲ ἑτέρῳ χρήσαιτο τῶν ἵππων οἰκείῳ. | Homer, for example, in describing the games organized in honor of Patroclus, relates how Menelaus competed with Agamemnon's mare Aethe, while the other horse yoked with her was his own. | Authorial reference to Homer and a literary example; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 5.8.5 | 1 | mythic | both | μετὰ δὲ Ὄξυλον---διέθηκε γὰρ τὸν ἀγῶνα καὶ Ὄξυλος---, μετὰ τοῦτον βασιλεύσαντα ἐξέλιπεν ἄχρι Ἰφίτου τὰ Ὀλύμπια. | After Oxylus—for Oxylus had indeed settled the contest—the Olympic games died out following his reign until the time of Iphitos. | Mentions Oxylus and Iphitos in the history of the Olympic games; Oxylus is mythic/heroic, while Iphitos is a historical figure tied to the revival of the games. |
| 5.8.5 | 2 | historical | mythic | Ἰφίτου δὲ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἀνανεωσαμένου κατὰ τὰ ἤδη μοι λελεγμένα, τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἔτι ὑπῆρχε τῶν ἀρχαίων λήθη· καὶ κατʼ ὀλίγον ἐς ὑπόμνησιν ἤρχοντο αὐτῶν, καὶ ὁπότε τι ἀναμνησθεῖεν, ἐποιοῦντο τῷ ἀγῶνι προσθήκην. | But when Iphitos renewed the festival according to the manner that I have already described, men still remained forgetful of ancient customs; only gradually did they begin to recollect these traditions, and whenever they recalled something of the past, they added it to the contest. | The sentence asserts that Iphitos renewed the festival, a mythic/heroic foundation-type action; it does not describe post-500 BCE historical events. |
| 5.8.6 | 3 | historical | other | εἰκὼν μὲν δὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τοῦ Κοροίβου, τάφος δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς πέρασι τῆς Ἠλείας. | There is indeed no statue of Coroebus at Olympia, but his tomb is at the boundaries of Elis. | This sentence only notes the absence and location of Coroebus's statue/tomb; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 5.8.8 | 3 | other | mythic | τούτῳ πρὸς ταῖς λιθοτομίαις ἐστὶν ἐν Συρακούσαις μνῆμα· εἰ δὲ καὶ Ἡρακλεῖ τῷ Θηβαίῳ μέγεθος παρισοῦτο ὁ Λύγδαμις, ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα, λεγόμενον δὲ ὑπὸ Συρακουσίων ἐστί. | There is a monument to this man beside the stone quarries at Syracuse; whether indeed Lygdamis equaled the stature of Heracles of Thebes, I cannot say, but this is what the Syracusans report. | The sentence mentions Heracles only in a comparative remark, but its own main assertion is that a monument to Lygdamis exists and that the Syracusans report a claim about his stature; this is not a mythic narrative or historical event. |
| 5.9.2 | 3 | mythic | other | ἀπήνῃ δὲ οὔτε τῷ ἀνευρήματι οὐδὲν ἀρχαῖον οὔτε εὐπρέπεια αὐτῇ προσῆν, ἐπάρατόν τε Ἠλείοις ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ ἀρχὴν γενέσθαι σφίσιν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τὸ ζῷον· | The mule-cart race, on the other hand, was neither ancient as an invention nor did it possess dignity; furthermore, from ancient times the Eleans considered the animal itself to have been a curse originating in their land. | This sentence is a comment on the mule-cart race and a local belief about the animal being a curse; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 5.9.3 | 2 | historical | other | τὰ πρὸ τούτων δὲ ἐπὶ ἡμέρας ἦγον τῆς αὐτῆς ὁμοίως καὶ ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἵππων ἀγῶνα. | Before this, contests for men and horses alike were held on the very same day. | Describes the scheduling of contests on a day; this is a procedural/organizational note, not mythic narrative or a historical event. |
| 5.9.3 | 3 | historical | other | τότε δὲ προήχθησαν ἐς νύκτα οἱ παγκρατιάζοντες ἅτε οὐ κατὰ καιρὸν ἐσκληθέντες, | As a result, the athletes competing in the pankration at that time were forced to continue their matches into the night, having been summoned too late. | Purely procedural/event detail about athletes continuing into the night; no mythic or historical assertion. |
| 5.10.2 | 2 | other | historical | Φειδίαν δὲ τὸν ἐργασάμενον τὸ ἄγαλμα εἶναι καὶ ἐπίγραμμά ἐστιν ἐς μαρτυρίαν ὑπὸ τοῦ Διὸς γεγραμμένον τοῖς ποσί· Φειδίας Χαρμίδου υἱὸς Ἀθηναῖός μʼ ἐποίησε. | That Phidias was the craftsman of the statue is attested also by an inscription written under the feet of Zeus: "Phidias the Athenian, son of Charmides, made me." | The sentence identifies Phidias, a historical person, as the maker of the statue and cites an inscription naming him; this is historical/dedicatory evidence, not mythic narrative. |
| 5.10.3 | 5 | other | historical | τὸ δὲ εὕρημα ἀνδρὸς Ναξίου λέγουσιν εἶναι Βύζου , οὗ φασιν ἐν Νάξῳ τὰ ἀγάλματα ἐφʼ ὧν ἐπίγραμμα εἶναι Νάξιος Εὔεργός με γένει Λητοῦς πόρε, Βύζεω παῖς, ὃς πρώτιστος τεῦξε λίθου κέραμον. | This innovation, they say, was the invention of a Naxian man named Byzes, who is credited with statues in Naxos engraved with the inscription: "Naxian-born Byzes, son of Euergus, Was first to fashion tiles from marble, Dedicated by the offspring of Leto." | The sentence attributes an invention and inscription to a named Naxian man, a historical/biographical claim; it does not narrate mythic action, though it mentions Leto only in the inscription. |
| 5.10.4 | 6 | historical | other | ταύτης τῆς μάχης μνήμην καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἀτθίδι ἐποιησάμην συγγραφῇ, τὰ Ἀθήνῃσιν ἐπεξιὼν μνήματα. | I have also made mention of this battle in my account on Attica, when describing the monuments existing at Athens. | Authorial cross-reference to another work and a note about describing monuments; no mythic or historical event is asserted in this sentence itself. |
| 5.10.6 | 2 | mythic | other | Διὸς δὲ ἀγάλματος κατὰ μέσον πεποιημένου μάλιστα τὸν ἀετόν, ἔστιν Οἰνόμαος ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Διὸς ἐπικείμενος κράνος τῇ κεφαλῇ, | Zeus is portrayed exactly in the middle of the pediment, and immediately to the right of Zeus stands Oenomaus wearing a helmet on his head. | Purely a physical description of a pedimental composition and figure placement; it names Zeus and Oenomaus but does not assert any myth or historical event. |
| 5.10.7 | 3 | mythic | other | τὰ δὲ ἐς ἀριστερὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ Διὸς ὁ Πέλοψ καὶ Ἱπποδάμεια καὶ ὅ τε ἡνίοχός ἐστι τοῦ Πέλοπος καὶ ἵπποι δύο τε ἄνδρες, ἱπποκόμοι δὴ καὶ οὗτοι τῷ Πέλοπι. | To the left of the image of Zeus stand Pelops and Hippodameia, along with Pelops' charioteer, two horses, and two men who serve as Pelops' grooms. | This sentence only locates depicted figures beside Zeus and describes the composition; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 5.10.9 | 1 | mythic | other | ἔστι δὲ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ Ἡρακλέους τὰ πολλὰ τῶν ἔργων. | At Olympia also are depicted many of the Labors of Heracles. | This is a bare notice that depictions of Heracles' labors exist at Olympia; it locates an object and names a mythic figure without narrating any mythic event. |
| 5.10.10 | 1 | historical | other | τὰς θύρας δὲ ἐσιόντι τὰς χαλκᾶς, ἔστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ πρὸ τοῦ κίονος Ἴφιτος ὑπὸ γυναικὸς στεφανούμενος Ἐκεχειρίας, ὡς τὸ ἐλεγεῖον τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς φησιν. | Upon entering the bronze doors, on the right-hand side before the column is Iphitos being crowned by a woman named Ekecheiria (Truce), as the elegiac verses upon them state. | This is a location/description of an image on the doors; it names Iphitos and Ekecheiria but does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 5.11.3 | 3 | other | historical | εἴη δʼ ἂν ἀγωνισμάτων ἀρχαίων ταῦτα μιμήματα, οὐ γάρ πω τὰ ἐς τοὺς παῖδας ἐπὶ ἡλικίας ἤδη καθειστήκει τῆς Φειδίου. | These represent, perhaps, imitations of ancient athletic contests, since contests involving boys had not yet been established at the time of Pheidias. | The sentence dates the establishment of boys' contests to the time of Pheidias, a historical reference; it does not narrate mythic action. |
| 5.11.6 | 1 | mythic | other | Ἱπποδάμειά τε ἡ Οἰνομάου σὺν τῇ μητρὶ καὶ Προμηθεὺς ἔτι ἐχόμενος μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν δεσμῶν, Ἡρακλῆς δὲ ἐς αὐτὸν ἦρται· | Hippodameia, daughter of Oenomaus, with her mother, and Prometheus still bound in chains are represented, and Heracles is depicted approaching him. | This sentence only describes figures represented in an artwork and their positions; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 5.11.6 | 5 | historical | other | Πάναινος μὲν δὴ οὗτος ἀδελφός τε ἦν Φειδίου καὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ Ἀθήνῃσιν ἐν Ποικίλῃ τὸ Μαραθῶνι ἔργον ἐστὶ γεγραμμένον. | This painting was by Panaenos, who was the brother of Pheidias, who himself painted the Battle of Marathon in the 'Poikile' (Painted) Colonnade at Athens. | This sentence identifies Panaenos as Pheidias' brother and notes a painting of Marathon; it is a biographical/art-historical notice, not a mythic narrative or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 5.11.7 | 1 | mythic | other | ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς ἀνωτάτω τοῦ θρόνου πεποίηκεν ὁ Φειδίας ὑπὲρ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ ἀγάλματος τοῦτο μὲν Χάριτας, τοῦτο δὲ Ὥρας, τρεῖς ἑκατέρας. | On the highest parts of the throne, above the head of the statue, Phidias has fashioned on one side the Graces and on the other side the Seasons, three of each. | Purely a physical description of the statue's decoration; it names divine figures but does not assert a mythic story or historical event. |
| 5.11.7 | 3 | other | mythic | Ὅμηρος δὲ ἐν Ἰλιάδι ἐποίησε τὰς Ὥρας καὶ ἐπιτετράφθαι τὸν οὐρανὸν καθάπερ τινὰς φύλακας βασιλέως αὐλῆς. | Homer, in the Iliad, depicted the Seasons as having charge over heaven, like guardians of a royal court. | The sentence explicitly reports Homer’s mythic depiction of the Seasons (Horae) as guardians of heaven. |
| 5.11.7 | 4 | mythic | both | τὸ ὑπόθημα δὲ τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ Διὸς τοῖς ποσίν, ὑπὸ τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ καλούμενον θρανίον, λέοντάς τε χρυσοῦς καὶ Θησέως ἐπειργασμένην ἔχει μάχην τὴν πρὸς Ἀμαζόνας, τὸ Ἀθηναίων πρῶτον ἀνδραγάθημα ἐς οὐχ ὁμοφύλους. | The footstool beneath the feet of Zeus—called thranion by the Athenians—is decorated with golden lions and shows the battle of Theseus against the Amazons, the Athenians' earliest heroic deed against foreign foes. | The sentence depicts Theseus fighting the Amazons, a mythic heroic deed, and explicitly calls it the Athenians' first heroic deed, which is a historical-style claim about collective achievement. |
| 5.11.8 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐπείργασται δὲ καὶ Ἀπόλλων σὺν Ἀρτέμιδι Ἀθηνᾶ τε καὶ Ἡρακλῆς, | Also depicted are Apollo along with Artemis, Athena, and Heracles. | This is only a depiction/listing of figures present; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 5.11.8 | 4 | mythic | other | καὶ ἤδη τοῦ βάθρου πρὸς τῷ πέρατι Ἀμφιτρίτη καὶ Ποσειδῶν Σελήνη τε ἵππον ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἐλαύνουσα. | At the extremity of the base are Amphitrite and Poseidon, and Selene who is—so it seems to me—driving a horse. | This is a bare description of figures depicted on the base and what Selene is doing in the image; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 5.11.8 | 5 | other | mythic | τοῖς δέ ἐστιν εἰρημένα ἐφʼ ἡμιόνου τὴν θεὸν ὀχεῖσθαι καὶ οὐχ ἵππου, καὶ λόγον γέ τινα ἐπὶ τῷ ἡμιόνῳ λέγουσιν εὐήθη. | Some, however, claim that the goddess rides upon a mule rather than a horse, telling a foolish story in explanation of the mule. | The sentence reports a mythic explanatory story about why the goddess rides a mule rather than a horse. |
| 5.12.7 | 2 | historical | mythic | ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ καὶ τῇ μεγίστῃ τῶν ἐν Βιθυνίᾳ πόλεων μετεβλήθη τὸ ὄνομα, Ἀστακῷ τὰ πρὸ τούτου καλουμένῃ· | From him also the greatest of the cities in Bithynia received a change of name, having previously been called Astakos. | The sentence asserts a naming change of a city 'from him,' which is a foundation/naming legend tied to a mythic figure. |
| 5.12.7 | 4 | mythic | historical | τὸ δὲ ἤλεκτρον τοῦτο οὗ τῷ Αὐγούστῳ πεποίηνται τὴν εἰκόνα, ὅσον μὲν αὐτόματον ἐν τοῦ Ἠριδανοῦ ταῖς ψάμμοις εὑρίσκεται, σπανίζεται τὰ μάλιστα καὶ ἀνθρώπῳ τίμιον πολλῶν ἐστιν ἕνεκα· τὸ δὲ ἄλλο ἤλεκτρον ἀναμεμιγμένος ἐστὶν ἀργύρῳ χρυσός. | Now this amber from which the statue of Augustus was fashioned—the sort that occurs naturally, found in the sands of Eridanus—is exceedingly rare and especially valued by men for various reasons; but that other amber is gold intermixed with silver. | The sentence identifies Augustus and describes the statue made for him, which is historical/dedication content; the rest is material description, not myth. |
| 5.13.1 | 1 | mythic | other | ἔστι δὲ ἐντὸς τῆς Ἄλτεως καὶ Πέλοπι ἀποτετμημένον τέμενος· | Within the Altis there is also a precinct set apart for Pelops. | Bare notice that a precinct for Pelops exists within the Altis; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 5.13.1 | 2 | mythic | other | ἡρώων δὲ τῶν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τοσοῦτον προτετιμημένος ἐστὶν ὁ Πέλοψ ὑπὸ Ἠλείων ὅσον Ζεὺς θεῶν τῶν ἄλλων. | Among all the heroes honored at Olympia, Pelops is held by the Eleans in as great esteem as Zeus himself is among the other gods. | This is a comparative statement about Pelops' honor at Olympia, not a narration of mythic deeds or historical events. |
| 5.13.1 | 3 | mythic | other | ἔστιν οὖν τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ Διὸς κατὰ δεξιὰν τῆς ἐσόδου πρὸς ἄνεμον Βορέαν τὸ Πελόπιον, | The Pelopion is situated to the right of the entrance to the temple of Zeus, toward the north wind. | Purely locational/topographic note placing the Pelopion relative to the temple entrance; no mythic or historical assertion in the sentence itself. |
| 5.13.2 | 3 | mythic | other | θύουσι δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ νῦν ἔτι οἱ κατὰ ἔτος τὰς ἀρχὰς ἔχοντες· τὸ δὲ ἱερεῖόν ἐστι κριὸς μέλας. | Even now those who annually hold office offer sacrifice to Pelops, the sacrificial victim being a black ram. | Describes an ongoing ritual practice and sacrificial victim; it does not narrate a mythic story or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 5.13.3 | 3 | mythic | other | ὃς δʼ ἂν ἢ αὐτῶν Ἠλείων ἢ ξένων τοῦ θυομένου τῷ Πέλοπι ἱερείου φάγῃ τῶν κρεῶν, οὐκ ἔστιν οἱ ἐσελθεῖν παρὰ τὸν Δία. | Whoever, whether one of the Eleans themselves or a foreigner, eats of the meat from the sacrificial victim offered to Pelops, is not permitted to enter the sanctuary of Zeus. | A procedural rule about who may enter the sanctuary after eating sacrificial meat; it does not narrate myth or history. |
| 5.13.3 | 4 | mythic | other | τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ ἐν τῇ Περγάμῳ τῇ ὑπὲρ ποταμοῦ Καΐκου πεπόνθασιν οἱ τῷ Τηλέφῳ θύοντες· | The same restriction occurs in Pergamum beyond the river Caïcus for those who sacrifice to Telephus. | This sentence only notes a local restriction/custom at Pergamum for sacrificers to Telephus; it does not narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 5.13.7 | 1 | mythic | other | Πέλοπος δὲ καὶ Ταντάλου τῆς παρʼ ἡμῖν ἐνοικήσεως σημεῖα ἔτι καὶ ἐς τόδε λείπεται, Ταντάλου μὲν λίμνη τε ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ καλουμένη καὶ οὐκ ἀφανὴς τάφος, Πέλοπος δὲ ἐν Σιπύλῳ μὲν θρόνος ἐν κορυφῇ τοῦ ὄρους ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ τῆς Πλαστήνης μητρὸς τὸ ἱερόν, διαβάντι δὲ Ἕρμον ποταμὸν Ἀφροδίτης ἄγαλμα ἐν Τήμνῳ πεποιημένον ἐκ μυρσίνης τεθηλυίας· | Evidence of the residence of Pelops and Tantalus among us remains even now: there is the lake called after Tantalus himself and his clearly visible tomb; and for Pelops, on Sipylus there is a throne placed on the peak of the mountain, above the sanctuary of his mother Plastene; beyond the river Hermus, in Temnus, there is a statue of Aphrodite fashioned from living myrtle-wood. | The sentence mainly locates visible remains and sanctuaries/statues associated with Pelops and Tantalus; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 5.13.11 | 3 | mythic | other | καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα ὁ Ἀλφειὸς νενόμισται τῷ Ὀλυμπίῳ Διὶ ποταμῶν δὴ μάλιστα εἶναι φίλος. | For this reason, the Alpheios has come to be regarded as the river most dear to Olympian Zeus. | States a received belief about the river Alpheios being especially dear to Zeus; this is an explanatory remark, not a narrated mythic deed or historical event. |
| 5.14.2 | 1 | mythic | other | τῆς δὲ λεύκης μόνης τοῖς ξύλοις ἐς τοῦ Διὸς τὰς θυσίας καὶ ἀπʼ οὐδενὸς δένδρου τῶν ἄλλων οἱ Ἠλεῖοι χρῆσθαι νομίζουσι, κατʼ ἄλλο μὲν οὐδὲν προτιμῶντες ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τὴν λεύκην, ὅτι δὲ Ἡρακλῆς ἐκόμισεν αὐτὴν ἐς Ἕλληνας ἐκ τῆς Θεσπρωτίδος χώρας. | Only the wood of the white poplar do the Eleans regard as appropriate for sacrifices to Zeus, making use of no other tree whatsoever. | The sentence is a cultic practice note about using white poplar wood for Zeus sacrifices; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed, only gives an explanatory aside. |
| 5.14.5 | 2 | other | historical | ταύτῃ τῇ Ἐργάνῃ καὶ οἱ ἀπόγονοι Φειδίου, καλούμενοι δὲ φαιδρυνταί, γέρας παρὰ Ἠλείων εἰληφότες τοῦ Διὸς τὸ ἄγαλμα ἀπὸ τῶν προσιζανόντων καθαίρειν, οὗτοι θύουσιν ἐνταῦθα πρὶν ἢ λαμπρύνειν τὸ ἄγαλμα ἄρχονται. | It is Athena Ergane to whom the descendants of Pheidias—called the Phaidryntai—offer sacrifice here before they begin to clean the statue of Zeus, having received from the Eleans the privilege of cleansing the statue from any impurities that have settled upon it. | The sentence asserts a historical privilege granted by the Eleans to the Phaidryntai; the rest is ritual procedure and naming, not myth narration. |
| 5.14.8 | 3 | mythic | other | εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ θεῶν πάντων βωμοὶ καὶ Ἥρας ἐπίκλησιν Ὀλυμπίας, πεποιημένος τέφρας καὶ οὗτος· Κλυμένου δέ φασιν αὐτὸν ἀνάθημα εἶναι. | There are also altars to all the gods collectively, and to Hera surnamed Olympia; this one too, like the others, is made of ashes, and is said to have been dedicated by Clymenus. | A bare notice of altars and a dedication attribution; it names Hera and Clymenus but does not narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 5.15.1 | 1 | other | historical | ἔστι δὲ οἴκημα ἐκτὸς τῆς Ἄλτεως, καλεῖται δὲ ἐργαστήριον Φειδίου, καὶ ὁ Φειδίας καθʼ ἕκαστον τοῦ ἀγάλματος ἐνταῦθα εἰργάζετο· | Outside the Altis there is a building known as the Workshop of Pheidias, where Pheidias himself fashioned each part of the statue. | The sentence asserts that Pheidias, a historical person, fashioned the statue here; the rest is only a location notice. |
| 5.15.9 | 3 | historical | other | ἀπὸ ταύτης τῆς ἑστίας τὴν τέφραν κατὰ τὰ εἰρημένα ἤδη μοι κομίζουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν τοῦ Ὀλυμπίου βωμόν, καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐς μέγεθος συντελεῖ τῷ βωμῷ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ἑστίας ἐπιφορούμενον. | From this hearth they take ashes, according to the practice already described by me, and carry them to the altar of Olympian Zeus; indeed, the ashes brought from the hearth especially contribute to the size of the altar. | Describes a ritual procedure and the altar's physical growth, not a mythic story or historical event. |
| 5.15.11 | 4 | other | historical | φαίνονται δὲ χρώμενοι ἐκ παλαιοτάτου τῷ ἐν Λιβύῃ μαντείῳ, καὶ ἀναθήματα Ἠλείων ἐν Ἄμμωνός εἰσι βωμοί· | Clearly the Eleans have from most ancient times been consulting the Libyan oracle, and among the votive offerings at the sanctuary of Ammon are altars dedicated by the Eleans. | Asserts a historical practice of the Eleans consulting the Libyan oracle from ancient times and mentions dedications by the Eleans. |
| 5.15.12 | 1 | mythic | other | Ἠλεῖοι δὲ καὶ ἥρωσι καὶ γυναιξὶ σπένδουσιν ἡρώων, ὅσοι τε ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῇ Ἠλείᾳ καὶ ὅσοι παρὰ Αἰτωλοῖς τιμὰς ἔχουσιν. | The Eleans also pour libations for heroes and the wives of heroes, both those honored in the territory of Elis and those who are revered among the Aetolians. | This is a ritual practice statement about libations for heroes and their wives, not a narrated myth or historical event. |
| 5.16.1 | 2 | mythic | historical | λέγεται δὲ ὑπὸ Ἠλείων ὡς Σκιλλούντιοι τῶν ἐν τῇ Τριφυλίᾳ πόλεών εἰσιν οἱ κατασκευασάμενοι τὸν ναὸν ὀκτὼ μάλιστα ἔτεσιν ὕστερον ἢ τὴν βασιλείαν τὴν ἐν Ἤλιδι ἐκτήσατο Ὄξυλος. | The Eleans themselves say that the people of Skillous, a city in Triphylia, built this temple, about eight years after Oxylus had gained the kingship in Elis. | The sentence reports a historical claim about who built the temple and dates it relative to Oxylus's kingship in Elis; it does not narrate mythic action. |
| 5.16.4 | 4 | mythic | other | ἃ δὲ ἐς τοὺς Νιόβης παῖδας παρίστατο αὐτῷ μοι γινώσκειν, ἐν τοῖς ἔχουσιν ἐς Ἀργείους ἐδήλωσα. | Whatever I was able to discover about the children of Niobe, I have detailed in my account concerning the Argives. | Authorial cross-reference only; it mentions Niobe's children but does not itself narrate mythic or historical content. |
| 5.16.6 | 4 | other | mythic | τὴν Φυσκόαν δὲ εἶναι ταύτην φασὶν ἐκ τῆς Ἤλιδος τῆς Κοίλης, τῷ δήμῳ δὲ ἔνθα ᾤκησεν ὄνομα μὲν Ὀρθίαν εἶναι. | They say Physkoa was from Elis in the region called Hollow Elis, and that the community where she lived was called Orthia. | The sentence identifies Physkoa and gives an origin/naming tradition for Orthia, which is mythic/etiological rather than historical. |
| 5.16.7 | 2 | historical | mythic | τοῦτον, ὡς ηὐξήθη, πολεμεῖν τοῖς προσοίκοις καὶ δυνάμεως ἐπὶ μέγα ἀρθῆναι, καὶ δὴ καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Ναρκαίας αὐτὸν ἱδρύσασθαι· | When this Narkaios grew up, he waged war against his neighbors and grew greatly in power; moreover, he established a sanctuary of Athena, giving her the epithet Narkaia. | The sentence narrates a figure growing up, waging war, and founding a sanctuary with an epithet, which is mythic/etiological content; it does not assert post-500 BCE historical information. |
| 5.16.7 | 4 | historical | other | Φυσκόας μὲν δὴ γέρα καὶ ἄλλα καὶ χορὸς ἐπώνυμος παρὰ τῶν ἑκκαίδεκα γυναικῶν, φυλάσσουσι δὲ οὐδὲν ἧσσον Ἠλεῖοι καὶ τἄλλα καταλυθεισῶν ὅμως τῶν πόλεων· | Indeed, Physkoa received other privileges and especially a chorus named after her, consisting of sixteen women; the Eleans still preserve this chorus, despite the destruction of the other cities. | This sentence only notes privileges and the continued preservation of a chorus named after Physkoa; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 5.17.1 | 4 | mythic | other | τὰς δὲ ἐφεξῆς τούτων καθημένας ἐπὶ θρόνων Ὥρας ἐποίησεν Αἰγινήτης Σμῖλις. | Next to these are the Hours, seated upon thrones in succession, works of Smilis of Aegina. | Bare location/description of statues and their maker; it names the Hours and Smilis but does not assert a mythic story or historical event. |
| 5.17.1 | 5 | mythic | other | παρὰ δὲ αὐτὰς Θέμιδος ἅτε μητρὸς τῶν Ὡρῶν ἄγαλμα ἕστηκε Δορυκλείδου τέχνη, γένος μὲν Λακεδαιμονίου, μαθητοῦ δὲ Διποίνου καὶ Σκύλλιδος. | Beside them stands a statue of Themis, as being the mother of the Hours, carved by Dorycleidas, a Spartan by birth and a pupil of Dipoenus and Scyllis. | This sentence only locates a statue and identifies its sculptor and his training; the mythic genealogy of Themis is incidental rather than asserted as narrative. |
| 5.17.2 | 1 | mythic | historical | τὰς δὲ Ἑσπερίδας πέντε ἀριθμὸν Θεοκλῆς ἐποίησε, Λακεδαιμόνιος μὲν καὶ οὗτος, πατρὸς Ἡγύλου, φοιτῆσαι δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς παρὰ Σκύλλιν καὶ Δίποινον λέγεται. | The Hesperides, five in number, were made by Theocles, who was also a Lacedaemonian, son of Hegylus, and he himself is said to have studied under Scyllis and Dipoenus. | This sentence gives a historical attribution for a work of art to Theocles, a named historical craftsman, and mentions his apprenticeship; it does not narrate mythic action. |
| 5.17.2 | 2 | other | historical | τὴν δὲ Ἀθηνᾶν κράνος ἐπικειμένην καὶ δόρυ καὶ ἀσπίδα ἔχουσαν Λακεδαιμονίου λέγουσιν ἔργον εἶναι Μέδοντος , τοῦτον δὲ ἀδελφόν τε εἶναι Δορυκλείδου καὶ παρὰ ἀνδράσι διδαχθῆναι τοῖς αὐτοῖς. | The statue of Athena, depicted with a helmet on her head and holding a spear and shield, is said to be the work of Medon of Lacedaemon; Medon was the brother of Dorycleidas and trained under the same masters. | The sentence identifies Medon of Lacedaemon as the maker of the statue and gives biographical details about him; this is historical/biographical content, while the statue description itself is just physical. |
| 5.17.5 | 4 | historical | mythic | ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ καὶ ὄνομα Κύψελον τῷ παιδὶ θέσθαι λέγουσι. | In those days, the Corinthians called such chests "cypselae," and thus it is said that the boy himself was also named Cypselus. | This sentence gives a naming legend for Cypselus, a mythic/etiological claim about how the boy got his name; it does not assert historical post-500 BCE content. |
| 5.17.9 | 2 | mythic | other | πεποίηται δὲ Ἡρακλῆς ἐν θρόνῳ καθήμενος καὶ ὄπισθεν γυνὴ αὐτοῦ· | Heracles is portrayed seated on a throne, and behind him stands a woman. | This is a physical description of an изображение/statue of Heracles and a woman, not a mythic narrative or historical event. |
| 5.17.10 | 6 | mythic | other | τούτῳ δὲ νικῶντι ὀρέγει τὸν στέφανον ὁ Ἄκαστος· | Acastus hands the victor's wreath to Iphiclus. | Acastus handing over a victor's wreath is a procedural action, not myth narration or historical assertion in itself. |
| 5.17.11 | 1 | mythic | other | κεῖνται δὲ καὶ τρίποδες, ἆθλα δὴ τοῖς νικῶσι, καὶ θυγατέρες εἰσὶν αἱ Πελίου· τὸ δὲ ὄνομα ἐπὶ τῇ Ἀλκήστιδι γέγραπται μόνῃ. | There are also tripods, which indeed were prizes awarded to victors; and there are represented the daughters of Pelias, but the name is inscribed only on Alcestis. | Describes displayed tripods and an inscription on Alcestis; this is a physical/inscriptive notice, not a mythic narrative or historical event. |
| 5.18.3 | 1 | mythic | other | χιτῶνα δὲ ἐνδεδυκὼς ἀνὴρ τῇ μὲν δεξιᾷ κύλικα, τῇ δὲ ἔχων ἐστὶν ὅρμον, λαμβάνεται δὲ αὐτῶν Ἀλκμήνη· | A man, wearing a tunic, holds a goblet in his right hand and a necklace in his left; Alcmene is depicted accepting these gifts. | Purely a visual description of figures and objects in a depiction; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 5.18.3 | 4 | mythic | other | Μηδείας δὲ ἐπὶ θρόνου καθημένης Ἰάσων ἐν δεξιᾷ, τῇ δὲ Ἀφροδίτη παρέστηκε· | Medea is seated upon a throne, and beside her Jason stands on her right hand; Aphrodite is beside her on the other side. | This is a static description of figures in an image/composition, not narration of a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 5.18.4 | 1 | mythic | other | πεποίηνται δὲ καὶ ᾄδουσαι Μοῦσαι καὶ Ἀπόλλων ἐξάρχων τῆς ᾠδῆς, καί σφισιν ἐπίγραμμα γέγραπται· Λατοΐδας οὗτος τάχʼ ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων· Μοῦσαι δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτόν, χαρίεις χορός, αἷσι κατάρχει. | Also represented are the Muses singing, with Apollo leading the song, and inscribed for them is the following epigram: "This is Leto's son, the far-shooting lord Apollo; around him are the Muses, a lovely chorus, whom he leads in song." | This sentence only describes a representation and quotes an inscription; it names Apollo and the Muses but does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 5.18.4 | 3 | mythic | other | ὅστις δέ ἐστιν ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ ἔχων τὸ ξίφος καὶ ὁ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἄτλαντα ἐρχόμενος, ἰδίᾳ μὲν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ γεγραμμένον ἐστὶν οὐδέν, δῆλα δὲ ἐς ἅπαντας Ἡρακλέα εἶναι. | As for the man holding a sword and approaching Atlas, there is no inscription to identify him specifically, but it is clear to everyone that he is Heracles. | This sentence only identifies a depicted figure as Heracles; it does not narrate a mythic deed or any historical event. |
| 5.18.5 | 1 | mythic | other | ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἄρης ὅπλα ἐνδεδυκώς, Ἀφροδίτην ἄγων· | There is also an image of Ares, clad in armor, leading away Aphrodite; | A bare description of an image/statue and its appearance; it names mythic figures but does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 5.18.5 | 5 | mythic | other | τὸ δὲ ὄνομα ἐπὶ τῷ Περσεῖ γέγραπται μόνῳ. | however, only Perseus's name is inscribed. | This is only a note that Perseus's name is inscribed; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 5.18.7 | 3 | other | mythic | Κυψέλῳ καὶ τοῖς προγόνοις ἐκ τῶνδε Γονούσσης ἦν γένος ἐξ ἀρχῆς γονούσης τῆς ὑπὲρ Σικυῶνος, καὶ πρόγονός σφισιν ἦν Μέλας ὁ Ἀντάσου· | Cypselus and his ancestors originally belonged to the stock of Gonussa, which is situated above Sicyon, and their forefather was Melas, son of Antasus. | The sentence gives a genealogical origin for Cypselus and his ancestors, including a named forefather; this is mythic/legendary genealogy rather than post-500 BCE history. |
| 5.19.1 | 2 | mythic | other | Θησεὺς δὲ ἔχων λύραν καὶ παρʼ αὐτὸν Ἀριάδνη κατέχουσά ἐστι στέφανον. | There is Theseus holding a lyre, with Ariadne beside him cradling a crown. | This is a bare description of figures in an image/statue; it names Theseus and Ariadne but does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 5.19.2 | 1 | mythic | other | ἔστι δὲ καὶ Μελανίων καὶ Ἀταλάντη παρʼ αὐτὸν ἔχουσα ἐλάφου νεβρόν. | There are also Melanion and Atalanta depicted beside him, holding a fawn of a deer. | This is only a descriptive notice of figures depicted in an artwork; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 5.19.2 | 4 | mythic | other | εἰσὶ δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ λάρνακι Διόσκουροι, ὁ ἕτερος οὐκ ἔχων πω γένεια, μέση δὲ αὐτῶν Ἑλένη· | On the chest are represented the Dioscuri, one of whom does not yet have a beard, and between them stands Helen. | This is only a description of the figures depicted on the chest; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 5.19.3 | 1 | mythic | other | Αἴθρα δὲ ἡ Πιτθέως ὑπὸ τῆς Ἑλένης τοῖς ποσὶν ἐς ἔδαφος καταβεβλημένη μέλαιναν ἔχουσά ἐστιν ἐσθῆτα, ἐπίγραμμα δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἔπος τε ἑξάμετρον καὶ ὀνόματός ἐστιν ἑνὸς ἐπὶ τῷ ἑξαμέτρῳ προσθήκη· | Aethra, the daughter of Pittheus, appears cast to the ground at the feet of Helen. | This sentence only describes the appearance of a depicted figure and inscription on an object; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 5.19.6 | 2 | mythic | other | τοῦ Πολυνείκους δὲ ὄπισθεν γυνὴ ἕστηκεν ὀδόντας τε ἔχουσα οὐδὲν ἡμερωτέρους θηρίου καί οἱ τῶν χειρῶν εἰσιν ἐπικαμπεῖς οἱ ὄνυχες· | Behind Polynices stands a woman, whose teeth are no less savage than those of a wild beast, and the nails on her hands are sharply curved. | This is a physical description of a figure beside Polynices, not a mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 5.19.6 | 4 | mythic | other | Διόνυσος δὲ ἐν ἄντρῳ κατακείμενος, γένεια ἔχων καὶ ἔκπωμα χρυσοῦν, ἐνδεδυκώς ἐστι ποδήρη χιτῶνα· | Dionysus is depicted reclining within a cave, bearded and holding a golden cup; he wears a floor-length tunic. | This is a physical description of Dionysus' depiction and attire, not a mythic narrative or historical claim. |
| 5.19.8 | 1 | mythic | other | ἑξῆς καὶ ἵππων συνωρίδες καὶ γυναῖκες ἐπὶ τῶν συνωρίδων εἰσὶν ἑστῶσαι· πτερὰ δὲ τοῖς ἵπποις χρυσᾶ ἐστι, καὶ ἀνὴρ δίδωσιν ὅπλα μιᾷ τῶν γυναικῶν. | Next there are pairs of horses and women standing upon the chariots; the horses have wings of gold, and a man is giving armor to one of the women. | Purely a physical description of a depicted scene (horses, women, wings, armor); it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 5.19.10 | 2 | other | historical | τὰ ἐπιγράμματα δὲ τὰ ἐπʼ αὐτῆς τάχα μέν που καὶ ἄλλος τις ἂν εἴη πεποιηκώς, τῆς δὲ ὑπονοίας τὸ πολὺ ἐς Εὔμηλον τὸν Κορίνθιον εἶχεν ἡμῖν, ἄλλων τε ἕνεκα καὶ τοῦ προσοδίου μάλιστα ὃ ἐποίησεν ἐς Δῆλον. | Concerning the inscriptions upon it, it might perhaps have been another who composed them; yet we strongly suspected Eumelus the Corinthian, for several reasons, and particularly because of the processional hymn he composed for Delos. | The sentence identifies Eumelus the Corinthian and his composition of a Delian processional hymn, which is a historical literary attribution rather than mythic narrative. |
| 5.20.1 | 3 | mythic | both | ὁ δὲ τοῦ Ἰφίτου δίσκος τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν, ἣν ἐπὶ τοῖς Ὀλυμπίοις ἐπαγγέλλουσιν Ἠλεῖοι, ταύτην οὐκ ἐς εὐθὺ ἔχει γεγραμμένην, ἀλλὰ ἐς κύκλου σχῆμα περίεισιν ἐπὶ τῷ δίσκῳ τὰ γράμματα. | On the discus of Iphitos is inscribed the truce, which the people of Elis proclaim during the Olympic Games; but the inscription is not written straight, for the letters are arranged in a circular shape around the discus. | Mentions Iphitos, a mythic/heroic figure, and the Olympic truce proclaimed by the Eleans, a historical institutional practice. |
| 5.20.5 | 1 | historical | other | καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν θεῶν τὰ ἱερὰ καὶ ἐς πάντα ὁμοίως τὰ ὑψηλὰ ἐπαναβαίνοντες ἠμύνοντο οἱ Ἠλεῖοι. | For even concerning the sanctuaries of the gods and in all such high places alike the Eleans mounted up and defended themselves. | This is a defensive/topographic statement about the Eleans mounting high places and sanctuaries; it does not narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 5.20.5 | 2 | historical | other | οὗτος δʼ οὖν ὁ ἀνὴρ ἐφαίνετο ἡμῖν ὑποδῦναι μὲν ἐνταῦθα λιποψυχήσας ὑπὸ τραυμάτων· | Now this man appeared to us to have crawled here after losing heart through his wounds. | Describes a wounded man’s physical condition and movement; no mythic or historical assertion. |
| 5.20.5 | 4 | historical | other | ἔλεγε δὲ καὶ τόδε ἔτι ὁ Ἀρίσταρχος, ὡς ἐκκομίσαιντο ἐς τὸ ἐκτὸς τῆς Ἄλτεως τὸν νεκρὸν καὶ ὁμοῦ τοῖς ὅπλοις γῇ κρύψαιεν. | Aristarchus also said the following further: that they carried the corpse out beyond the enclosure of the Altis and buried it along with its armor. | Reports a burial detail about a corpse and armor; this is a procedural/historical anecdote at most, but the sentence itself does not assert a datable historical event or mythic story. |
| 5.20.6 | 1 | mythic | other | ἣν δὲ καλοῦσιν Οἰνομάου κίονα καὶ οἱ Ἠλεῖοι καλοῦσιν , ἔστι μὲν πρὸς τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Διὸς ἰόντι ἀπὸ τοῦ μεγάλου βωμοῦ· τέσσαρες δέ εἰσιν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ κίονες καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῶν ὄροφος, πεποίηνται δὲ ἔρυμα εἶναι ξυλίνῳ κίονι πεπονηκότι ὑπὸ τοῦ χρόνου καὶ τὰ πολλὰ ὑπὸ δεσμῶν συνεχομένῳ. | The pillar they call the "Pillar of Oenomaus," as the Eleans themselves also name it, stands on the way to the temple of Zeus from the great altar; on the left there are four pillars supporting a roof, constructed precisely to protect a wooden column, worn by time and largely held intact by bands. | This is a topographic and physical description of a named pillar and its protective structure; it does not narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 5.20.6 | 2 | mythic | other | οὗτος ὁ κίων ἐν οἰκίᾳ τοῦ Οἰνομάου, καθὰ λέγουσιν, εἱστήκει· | This pillar, they say, originally stood within the house of Oenomaus. | This is a location/origin note about a pillar's former placement, not a mythic deed or historical event. |
| 5.20.7 | 4 | mythic | other | οὐδʼ ὀλοὴ δαίσατο φλόξ με πυρός. | nor did consuming flame devour me in fire." | The sentence is a poetic first-person statement about being unharmed by fire; it does not itself assert a mythic deed, genealogy, or historical event. |
| 5.20.8 | 3 | mythic | other | καὶ ὡς ἐγένετο ἐγγύτατα τὸ ὄρυγμα αὐτῷ τῆς τοῦ Οἰνομάου κίονος, ἐνταῦθα εὕρισκον οἱ ὀρύσσοντες καὶ ὅπλων καὶ χαλινῶν καὶ ψαλίων θραύματα. | When the excavation had come very close to the pillar of Oenomaus, those digging discovered fragments of armor, bridles, and horse-bits. | This is a topographic/excavation note reporting finds near Oenomaus's pillar; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 5.20.9 | 3 | historical | other | κεῖται δὲ οὐκ ἄγαλμα ἐν αὐτῷ θεῶν Μητρός, βασιλέων δὲ ἑστήκασιν ἀνδριάντες Ῥωμαίων. | It contains no statue of the Mother of the Gods, but statues of Roman emperors stand therein. | A bare notice of what statues are present in the place; it does not assert a mythic story or a historical event. |
| 5.20.10 | 3 | historical | other | κεῖνται δὲ αὐτόθι Φίλιππός τε καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος, σὺν δὲ αὐτοῖς Ἀμύντας ὁ Φιλίππου πατήρ· | Statues of Philip and Alexander are set up there, and with them Amyntas the father of Philip. | This is only a notice that statues of Philip, Alexander, and Amyntas are set up there; it does not narrate any deed or event. |
| 5.21.2 | 3 | historical | other | ταῦτα ἐποιήθη μὲν ἀπὸ χρημάτων ἐπιβληθείσης ἀθληταῖς ζημίας ὑβρίσασιν ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα, καλοῦνται δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων Ζᾶνες. | These statues were made with money collected from fines imposed upon athletes who committed offenses of hubris during the games; the local people call them Zanes. | This sentence explains the funding and local name of statues; it is a factual/etymological note, not mythic narrative or post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 5.21.3 | 4 | other | historical | δύο μὲν δὴ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἔργα Κλέωνος Σικυωνίου· | Two of these statues were the work of Cleon of Sicyon; | States that two statues were made by Cleon of Sicyon, a historical artist attribution. |
| 5.21.4 | 3 | historical | other | τὸ δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ φησὶν ὡς τὸ ἄγαλμα ἕστηκε τιμῇ τε τῇ ἐς τὸ θεῖον καὶ ὑπὸ εὐσεβείας τῆς Ἠλείων καὶ ἀθληταῖς παρανομοῦσιν εἶναι δέος· | The second inscription declares that the statue stands through reverence toward the divine and the piety of the Eleans, serving as a warning to athletes who violate the rules. | This is an inscriptional comment about the statue's meaning and the Eleans' piety, not a mythic narrative or a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 5.21.5 | 3 | historical | both | ἀπειπόντων δὲ Ἠλείων τὴν χάριν, ἐχρῶντο ὑπεροψίᾳ τοιᾷδε ἐς αὐτοὺς οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι, οὔτε ἀποδιδόντες τὰ χρήματα καὶ Ὀλυμπίων εἰργόμενοι, πρὶν ἤ σφισιν ὁ θεὸς ὁ ἐν Δελφοῖς οὐ πρότερον ἔφησεν ὑπὲρ οὐδενὸς χρήσειν πρὶν ἢ τὴν ζημίαν ἀποδοῖεν Ἠλείοις. | However, when the Eleans refused this favor, the Athenians treated them with such disdain that they neither paid the fine nor participated in the Olympic Games, until the god at Delphi declared that he would respond to none of their inquiries until they had paid the penalty to the Eleans. | The sentence asserts a historical action by the Athenians (withholding payment and Olympic participation) and includes an oracle from the Delphic god, which is mythic/religious content. |
| 5.21.7 | 2 | mythic | other | τὰ δὲ ἐπιγράμματα τὰ ἐπὶ τῷ πέμπτῳ τε καὶ ἕκτῳ, τὸ μὲν αὐτῶν δηλοῖ καθʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν ἀνετέθη τὰ ἀγάλματα, τὸ δὲ ἀναμιμνήσκει τοῦ χρησμοῦ τοῦ Ἀθηναίοις ἐλθόντος ἐκ Δελφῶν. | Of the inscriptions on the fifth and sixth statues, one indicates the reason for their dedication, and the other recalls the oracle delivered to the Athenians from Delphi. | The sentence only describes what the inscriptions say: one explains a dedication and the other recalls an oracle. It does not itself narrate a mythic or historical event. |
| 5.21.9 | 4 | historical | other | λέγεται δὲ καὶ πρότερον ἔτι πόλισμα Αἰγυπτίων ἐνταῦθα οὐ μέγα εἶναι Ῥακῶτιν· | Yet it is also said that before then a small Egyptian settlement called Rakotis was situated there. | Reports a prior Egyptian settlement's existence/location; this is a bare historical-topographical notice, not a narrated event or biography. |
| 5.21.10 | 1 | other | historical | Στράτωνος δὲ τούτου τρεῖς μὲν ἡλικίᾳ πρότερον, τοσοῦτοι δὲ ἄλλοι μετʼ αὐτόν εἰσι δῆλοι τὸν κότινον παγκρατίου τε ἆθλα εἰληφότες καὶ πάλης, Κάπρος μὲν ἐξ αὐτῆς Ἤλιδος, Ἑλλήνων δὲ τῶν πέραν Αἰγαίου Ῥόδιός τε Ἀριστομένης καὶ Μαγνήτων τῶν ἐπὶ Ληθαίῳ Πρωτοφάνης. | Before this Straton, three competitors of an earlier age, as well as three others after him, are recorded to have won the crown of wild olive in both pankration and wrestling: Kapros from Elis itself, Aristomenes of Rhodes from among the Greeks beyond the Aegean, and Protophanes of Magnesia-on-the-Lethaios. | Records named athletic victors and their origins; this is historical biographical/victory-record content, not mythic narrative. |
| 5.21.11 | 2 | historical | other | κομισθέντα δὲ αὐτὸν ἐς Αἰγέας ὠνήσατο ὅστις δή. | Having been carried to Aegeae, he was bought there by a certain man. | Describes a transfer and purchase of a person, but gives no mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 5.21.13 | 3 | other | historical | τὴν γάρ οἱ πρόφασιν, ὡς ἐν ταῖς Κυκλάσι νήσοις ὑπὸ ἀνέμων κατείχετο ἐναντίων, Ἡρακλείδης γένος καὶ αὐτὸς Ἀλεξανδρεὺς ἤλεγχεν ἀπάτην οὖσαν· | For although he claimed to have been detained in the Cycladic islands by adverse winds, Heracleides, himself also an Alexandrian by birth, exposed this as a deception. | The sentence reports a biographical/historical claim about Heracleides, an Alexandrian, exposing a deception; it is not mythic. |
| 5.21.13 | 4 | historical | other | ὑστερῆσαι γὰρ χρήματα ἐκ τῶν ἀγώνων αὐτὸν ἐκλέγοντα τῶν ἐν Ἰωνίᾳ. | He showed that in reality he had delayed his arrival after choosing instead to pursue monetary gain at the athletic contests in Ionia. | This is a biographical/motivational statement about someone seeking money at athletic contests in Ionia, but it does not itself assert a mythic episode or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 5.22.1 | 1 | other | historical | ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἀγάλματα Διὸς δημοσίᾳ τε καὶ ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἀνατεθέντα ἰδιωτῶν. | There are also statues of Zeus, dedicated both by the community and by private individuals. | A dedication by the community and private individuals is a historical/institutional fact; it does not narrate mythic action. |
| 5.22.1 | 5 | other | historical | ὁ δὲ περικείμενός τε τὸν ὅρμον καὶ ἡλικίαν παῖς ἔτι ἀνάθημα ἀνδρός ἐστι Φλιασίου Κλεόλα. | Next to it is the dedication of a Phliasian named Cleolas—a statue depicting a boy still wearing a necklace and in youthful age. | It is a dedication by a named Phliasian individual, which is a historical/epigraphic fact; it does not narrate mythic action. |
| 5.22.3 | 1 | other | historical | ταῦτά ἐστιν ἔργα μὲν Λυκίου τοῦ Μύρωνος, Ἀπολλωνιᾶται δὲ ἀνέθηκαν οἱ ἐν τῷ Ἰονίῳ· | These works are by Lycius, the son of Myron, and were dedicated by the Apollonians who live by the Ionian Sea. | The sentence identifies a dedication by the Apollonians, a historical act of dedicating an artwork; it does not narrate mythic action. |
| 5.22.5 | 3 | other | historical | Μεταποντίνων δέ ἐστιν ἀνάθημα, Αἰγινήτου δὲ ἔργον Ἀριστόνου· | This statue is a dedication of the Metapontines, and is the work of Aristonoos of Aegina. | It identifies a dedication by the Metapontines and names the maker Aristonoos, which is a historical/dedicatory attribution rather than mythic narrative. |
| 5.22.6 | 1 | mythic | historical | ἀνέθεσαν δὲ καὶ Φλιάσιοι Δία καὶ θυγατέρας τὰς Ἀσωποῦ καὶ αὐτὸν Ἀσωπόν, διακεκόσμηται δὲ οὕτω σφίσι τὰ ἀγάλματα. | The Phliasians also dedicated statues representing Zeus, the daughters of Asopus, and Asopus himself; they were arranged as follows: | Reports a dedication by the Phliasians, a historical act of offering statues; the named figures are not being narrated mythically here. |
| 5.22.6 | 4 | mythic | other | μετὰ δὲ αὐτὴν Κόρκυρά τε καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῇ Θήβη, τελευταῖος δὲ ὁ Ἀσωπός. | After her is Corcyra, upon whom is set Thebe, and finally Asopus himself. | A route-like identification of successive figures/places; it only locates Corcyra, Thebe, and Asopus without asserting a mythic or historical event. |
| 5.22.7 | 1 | other | historical | ἰδίᾳ δὲ ἄνδρες Λεοντῖνοι καὶ οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ Δία ἀνέστησαν· | Privately and not on behalf of their community, certain men of Leontini dedicated a statue of Zeus. | A dedication by identifiable men of Leontini is a historical act; the sentence does not narrate mythic content. |
| 5.23.2 | 2 | historical | other | καὶ Ἀργείων οἱ Μυκήνας ἔχοντες, νησιῶται δὲ Κεῖοι καὶ Μήλιοι, Ἀμβρακιῶται δὲ ἐξ ἠπείρου τῆς Θεσπρωτίδος, | Also participating were the Argives holding Mycenae; islanders attending included the Ceans and the Melians, and from the mainland facing Thesprotia came the Ambraciots. | This is a participant list/locational note naming groups and where they came from, with no mythic or historical event asserted. |
| 5.23.5 | 2 | other | historical | τούτου μὲν δὴ ἡμῖν καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔπειτα ἔσται μνήμη, τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς Μεγαρέων μέν ἐστιν ἀνάθημα, ἀδελφοὶ δὲ αὐτὸ Ψύλακός τε καὶ Ὄναιθος καὶ οἱ παῖδες οἱ τούτων εἰργάσαντο· | I shall have occasion to mention this Cleosthenes again later on; the statue of Zeus is an offering of the Megarians, and it was made by the brothers Psylacus and Onaethus, together with their sons. | The sentence identifies a statue offering and names its makers, which is a historical/dedication notice; it does not narrate mythic action. |
| 5.23.6 | 4 | historical | other | παρὰ τούτων δὲ κομισθῆναι τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ἡγοῦμαι· | Even in my day they still retained these names. | The sentence is an authorial report about bringing a statue to Olympia; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 5.24.1 | 1 | other | historical | παρὰ δὲ τοῦ Λαοίτα Διὸς καὶ Ποσειδῶνος Λαοίτα δὲ , παρὰ τούτων τὸν βωμὸν Ζεὺς ἐπὶ χαλκοῦ βάθρου δῶρον μὲν τοῦ Κορινθίων δήμου, Μούσου δέ ἐστι ποίημα, ὅστις δὴ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Μοῦσος. | Next to Zeus surnamed Laoites and Poseidon Laoites—and beside the altar belonging to them—is Zeus standing upon a bronze pedestal, a gift dedicated by the people of Corinth. | The sentence identifies a dedication by the people of Corinth, which is a historical/dedicatory act; the rest is location and description. |
| 5.24.5 | 2 | mythic | other | τούτου δὲ ἀπαντικρὺ ἄλλα ἐστὶν ἀναθήματα ἐπὶ στοίχου, ὡς δὲ αὔτως Διὸς καὶ Γανυμήδους ἀγάλματα· | Opposite this are other votive offerings arranged in a row, among which similarly appear figures of Zeus and Ganymede. | Bare description of votive offerings and statues located opposite something; it names Zeus and Ganymede but does not assert any mythic or historical event. |
| 5.24.5 | 4 | other | historical | τοῦτο ἀνέθηκε μὲν Γνᾶθις Θεσσαλός, ἐποίησε δὲ Ἀριστοκλῆς μαθητής τε καὶ υἱὸς Κλεοίτα. | This dedication was offered by Gnathis, a Thessalian, and was crafted by Aristocles, who was both the pupil and son of Cleoetas. | A dedication by a named Thessalian and its maker are historical/dedicatory facts; no mythic narrative is asserted. |
| 5.24.7 | 2 | mythic | other | ἀνέθεσαν δὲ ἑκατέρωθεν παρὰ τὸν Δία Πέλοπά τε καὶ τὸν Ἀλφειὸν ποταμόν. | On either side of Zeus they dedicated figures of Pelops and the river Alpheius. | This sentence only reports a dedication of figures and their placement; it does not itself narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 5.24.8 | 1 | other | historical | καὶ τὰ ἀναθήματα ἀνέθεσαν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τῷ Διὶ οἱ ἐνταῦθα οἰκοῦντες, ὡς εἰ τῆς Ἐφεσίων πόλεως οἱ ἔχοντες τὸν ὀνομαζόμενον Κόρησον ἀνάθημα φαῖεν ἰδίᾳ τι ἀναθεῖναι τοῦ Ἐφεσίων κοινοῦ. | And the inhabitants there dedicated offerings to Zeus at Olympia; just as if certain men possessing the so-called sanctuary of Coresus in the city of the Ephesians were to claim that their dedication was something private, distinct from the common dedication of all the Ephesians. | The sentence asserts a historical dedicatory act by the inhabitants there and compares it to another civic dedication; it does not narrate mythic story. |
| 5.25.2 | 1 | historical | other | Μεσσηνίους τοὺς ἐπὶ τῷ πορθμῷ κατὰ ἔθος δή τι ἀρχαῖον πέμποντας ἐς Ῥήγιον χορὸν παίδων πέντε ἀριθμὸν καὶ τριάκοντα καὶ διδάσκαλόν τε ὁμοῦ τῷ χορῷ καὶ ἄνδρα αὐλητὴν ἐς ἑορτήν τινα ἐπιχώριον Ῥηγίνων, κατέλαβεν αὐτούς ποτε συμφορά, μηδένα ὀπίσω τῶν ἀποσταλέντων σφίσιν ἀποσωθῆναι· | Once, according to an ancient tradition, the Messenians were sending a chorus of boys—thirty-five in number—along with a teacher for the chorus and a flute-player, across the strait to Rhegium for a local festival celebrated by the Rhegians. | This sentence is a route-like narrative setup about Messenians sending a chorus to Rhegium for a festival; it does not itself assert a mythic deed or a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 5.25.4 | 4 | other | historical | ἔργα δέ εἰσιν Ἠλείου Κάλλωνος αἱ εἰκόνες. | The statues themselves were works by Callon of Elis. | The sentence identifies the statues as works by Callon of Elis, a historical artist; it is a dedicatory/attribution statement, not mythic narrative. |
| 5.25.7 | 2 | mythic | other | τὸν δὲ ἐν Νεμέᾳ τοξεύοντι ἔοικε λέοντα. | The one at Nemea is represented shooting at the lion. | This is a physical description of a representation at Nemea; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 5.25.7 | 3 | other | historical | τοῦτον μὲν δὴ τόν τε Ἡρακλέα καὶ ὁμοῦ τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ τὸν λέοντα Ταραντῖνος ἀνέθηκεν Ἱπποτίων, Νικοδάμου δέ ἐστι Μαιναλίου τέχνη· | This representation of Heracles along with the lion was dedicated by Hippotion of Tarentum and crafted by Nicodamus of Maenalus. | The sentence is a dedication by a named historical agent and identifies the maker; it does not narrate a myth, only records a historical dedication of a representation of Heracles. |
| 5.25.10 | 2 | mythic | both | τῷ Διὶ τἈχαιοὶ τἀγάλματα ταῦτʼ ἀνέθηκαν, ἔγγονοι ἀντιθέου Τανταλίδα Πέλοπος. | These statues the Achaeans dedicated to Zeus, Descendants of divine Pelops, son of Tantalus. | The sentence states a dedication by the Achaeans, a historical collective act, and identifies them as descendants of Pelops, a mythic genealogy. |
| 5.25.10 | 4 | mythic | other | ὁ δὲ ἀγαλματοποιὸς ὅστις ἦν, ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰδομενέως γέγραπται τῇ ἀσπίδι· | The name of the sculptor, whoever he was, is engraved upon the shield of Idomeneus: | This is a physical inscription note about the sculptor's name on a shield; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 5.25.11 | 4 | historical | other | καὶ σαφῶς μὲν ἡλικίαν οὐκ ἔχοι τις ἂν εἰπεῖν αὐτοῦ, δῆλα δὲ ὡς πρότερον ἔτι ἐγένετο πρὶν ἢ τῇ Ζάγκλῃ τὸ ὄνομα γενέσθαι τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Μεσσήνην. | Although no one could exactly determine his date, it is clear that he lived before the time when Zancle was renamed Messene, the name by which we know it today. | This is a chronological remark about when someone lived relative to a city renaming; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 5.25.12 | 1 | mythic | both | Θάσιοι δέ, Φοίνικες τὸ ἀνέκαθεν ὄντες καὶ ἐκ Τύρου καὶ Φοινίκης τῆς ἄλλης ὁμοῦ Θάσῳ τῷ Ἀγήνορος κατὰ ζήτησιν ἐκπλεύσαντες τὴν Εὐρώπης, ἀνέθεσαν Ἡρακλέα ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν, | The Thasians, who were Phoenicians originally and who had sailed from Tyre together with other Phoenicians along with Thasos, son of Agenor, during the search for Europa, dedicated a statue of Heracles at Olympia. | The sentence asserts a mythic genealogy and voyage during the search for Europa, and also a historical dedication of a statue at Olympia by the Thasians. |
| 5.25.12 | 4 | other | mythic | ἤκουσα δὲ ἐν Θάσῳ τὸν αὐτὸν σφᾶς Ἡρακλέα ὃν καὶ Τύριοι σέβεσθαι, ὕστερον δὲ ἤδη τελοῦντας ἐς Ἕλληνας νομίσαι καὶ Ἡρακλεῖ τῷ Ἀμφιτρύωνος νέμειν τιμάς. | I heard that these same Thasians honored originally the same Heracles worshipped by the Tyrians, but later, after entering into Greek customs, they resolved to pay reverence also to the Heracles who was the son of Amphitryon. | The sentence asserts a mythic/religious identification of Heracles and his son of Amphitryon, including cult reverence; it does not narrate a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 5.25.13 | 1 | other | historical | τῷ δὲ ἀναθήματι τῷ ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν Θασίων ἔπεστιν ἐλεγεῖον· | On the dedication of the Thasians at Olympia there is an elegiac couplet inscribed: | Mentions a dedication by the Thasians, a historical dedicatory act/inscription. |
| 5.25.13 | 2 | other | historical | υἱὸς μέν με Μίκωνος Ὀνάτας ἐξετέλεσσεν αὐτὸς ἐν Αἰγίνῃ δώματα ναιετάων. | "Onatas himself, son of Micon, fashioned me, dwelling in Aegina within his house." | This is a dedicatory/biographical statement identifying the historical sculptor Onatas and his father Micon; it does not narrate myth. |
| 5.26.2 | 2 | other | historical | ἀλλὰ Ἰφίτου μὲν τοῦ Ἠλείου καὶ Ἐκεχειρίας στεφανούσης τὸν Ἴφιτον, τούτων μὲν τῶν εἰκόνων ἔχεται τοσάδε ἀναθήματα τῶν Μικύθου, Ἀμφιτρίτη καὶ Ποσειδῶν τε καὶ Ἑστία· | But near the images of Iphitos of Elis and Ekecheiria ("Truce") crowning Iphitos are situated the following dedications of Mikythos: Amphitrite, Poseidon, and Hestia. | The sentence identifies dedications of Mikythos, a historical agent, which is a historical dedicatory notice; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or legend. |
| 5.26.2 | 4 | other | historical | παρὰ δὲ τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ μεγάλου τὴν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ πλευρὰν ἀνέθηκεν ἄλλα, Κόρην τὴν Δήμητρος καὶ Ἀφροδίτην Γανυμήδην τε καὶ Ἄρτεμιν, ποιητῶν δὲ Ὅμηρον καὶ Ἡσίοδον, καὶ θεοὺς αὖθις Ἀσκληπιὸν καὶ Ὑγείαν. | Beside the great temple on the left-hand side Mikythos dedicated other statues: Kore, daughter of Demeter, and Aphrodite, Ganymede, and Artemis, as well as statues of the poets Homer and Hesiod, and again statues of the gods Asclepius and Hygieia. | The sentence reports a dedication by Mikythos, a historical agent, of statues; it does not narrate mythic action, only names mythic figures and poets as objects dedicated. |
| 5.26.3 | 1 | other | historical | Ἀγών τε ἐν τοῖς ἀναθήμασίν ἐστι τοῖς Μικύθου φέρων ἁλτῆρας, | Among the dedications of Mikythos there stands an Agon carrying jumping-weights. | This is a dedication by Mikythos, a historical agent; it is a notice of a historical dedication rather than myth narration. |
| 5.26.5 | 1 | historical | other | τὰ δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀναθήμασιν ἐπιγράμματα καὶ πατέρα Μικύθῳ Χοῖρον καὶ Ἑλληνίδας αὐτῷ πόλεις Ῥήγιόν τε πατρίδα καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ πορθμῷ Μεσσήνην δίδωσιν· | The inscriptions upon the offerings name Choerus as the father of Mikythos, and they attribute to him the Greek cities of Rhegium, his homeland, and Messene by the strait. | This is a report of inscriptional content naming a father and cities attributed to him; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 5.26.5 | 2 | other | historical | οἰκεῖν δὲ τὰ μὲν ἐπιγράμματα ἐν Τεγέᾳ φησιν αὐτόν, τὰ δὲ ἀναθήματα ἀνέθηκεν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν εὐχήν τινα ἐκτελῶν ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ παιδὸς νοσήσαντος νόσον φθινάδα. | According to the inscriptions, Mikythos was then living in Tegea; the offerings he dedicated at Olympia were made in fulfillment of a vow he undertook for the recovery of his son from a wasting illness. | The sentence identifies Mikythos and reports his dedicatory act at Olympia, a post-classical historical/biographical notice; it does not narrate mythic action. |
| 5.26.6 | 2 | other | historical | Νικόδαμος μὲν εἰργάσατο ὁ Μαινάλιος, Ἠλείων δέ ἐστιν ἀνάθημα. | It was made by Nicodamus of Maenalus, but it was dedicated by the Eleans. | The sentence identifies a historical maker and dedicators of an offering; it is a dedication record, not mythic narrative. |
| 5.27.2 | 2 | other | historical | ὁ μὲν δὴ πρότερος τῶν ἵππων καὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ Διονυσίου τοῦ Ἀργείου, τὰ δεύτερα δὲ ἔργα ἐστὶν Αἰγινήτου Σίμωνος . | The first pair of horse and man were made by Dionysius of Argos, while the second are works by Simon the Aeginetan. | The sentence identifies sculptural works by named historical artists, a historical attribution rather than myth. |
| 5.27.2 | 5 | other | historical | Φόρμις ἀνέθηκεν Ἀρκὰς Μαινάλιος, νῦν δὲ Συρακόσιος. | "Dedicated by Phormis, an Arcadian from Maenalus, but now of Syracuse." | It is a dedication naming Phormis as the historical agent; no mythic narrative is asserted. |
| 5.27.3 | 2 | mythic | other | δῆλα δὲ καὶ ἄλλως ἐστὶν ἀνδρὸς μάγου σοφίᾳ γενέσθαι τὰ συμβαίνοντα τῷ ἵππῳ. | Clearly in other respects also, what happened to the animal was due to the cunning of a magician. | States that an event was due to a magician's cunning; this is a general explanatory remark, not a specific mythic narrative or historical event. |
| 5.27.6 | 3 | mythic | other | ἄνευ τε δὴ πυρὸς ἀνάγκη πᾶσα ἁφθῆναι τὰ ξύλα καὶ περιφανῆ φλόγα ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐκλάμψαι. | And immediately, without any fire, the sticks necessarily ignited, and a bright flame shone forth from them. | Describes a miraculous flame from sticks, but as a standalone sentence it is a physical event description without explicit mythic or historical assertion. |
| 5.27.7 | 3 | other | historical | γέγραπται δὲ ἐπὶ τούτοις τὸν στρατιώτην μὲν τὸν μαχόμενον Φόρμιν εἶναι τὸν Μαινάλιον, τὸν δὲ ἀναθέντα Συρακόσιον Λυκόρταν· | The inscription on these figures states that the soldier engaged in combat is Phormis of Maenalus, and that the dedicator is Lycurtas of Syracuse. | The sentence identifies a dedicator and named soldier from Syracuse/Maenalus on an inscription, which is a historical dedication record rather than myth. |
| 5.27.7 | 5 | other | historical | τὰ δὲ ἀναθήματα τοῦ Λυκόρτα καλεῖται Φόρμιδος καὶ ταῦτα ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων. | Indeed, although the dedications were made by Lycurtas, even the Greeks themselves call them "the dedications of Phormis." | It asserts a historical dedication by Lycurtas and a naming practice for the dedications; no mythic content. |
| 5.27.8 | 1 | other | historical | ὁ δὲ Ἑρμῆς ὁ τὸν κριὸν φέρων ὑπὸ τῇ μασχάλῃ καὶ ἐπικείμενος τῇ κεφαλῇ κυνῆν καὶ χιτῶνά τε καὶ χλαμύδα ἐνδεδυκὼς οὐ τῶν Φόρμιδος ἔτι ἀναθημάτων ἐστίν, ὑπὸ δὲ Ἀρκάδων τῶν ἐκ Φενεοῦ δέδοται τῷ θεῷ· | The Hermes, who carries a ram beneath his arm and wears on his head a helmet, dressed in a tunic and cloak, is no longer among the votive offerings of Phormis; it was dedicated to the god by the Arcadians from Pheneus. | The sentence reports a dedication of a Hermes statue by the Arcadians from Pheneus, which is a historical dedicatory act; it is otherwise a location/description of the object. |
| 5.27.8 | 2 | other | historical | Ὀνάταν δὲ τὸν Αἰγινήτην, σὺν δὲ αὐτῷ Καλλιτέλην ἐργάσασθαι λέγει τὸ ἐπίγραμμα, δοκεῖν δέ μοι τοῦ Ὀνάτα μαθητὴς ἢ παῖς ὁ Καλλιτέλης ἦν. | The inscription states that it was made by Onatas the Aeginetan, and with him was Calliteles; it seems to me likely that Calliteles was a pupil or son of Onatas. | The sentence identifies sculptors Onatas and Calliteles and discusses authorship of an inscription, which is biographical/historical rather than mythic. |
| 5.27.8 | 3 | other | historical | οὐ πόρρω δὲ τοῦ Φενεατῶν ἀναθήματος ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἄγαλμα, κηρυκεῖον Ἑρμῆς ἔχων· ἐπίγραμμα δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ Γλαυκίαν ἀναθεῖναι γένος Ῥηγῖνον, ποιῆσαι δὲ Κάλλωνα Ἠλεῖον. | Not far from the Pheneatans' offering there is another statue of Hermes holding the herald's staff; according to the inscription upon it, Glaukias, a native of Rhegium, dedicated it, and it was sculpted by Callon of Elis. | The sentence reports an inscribed dedication by Glaukias of Rhegium and names the sculptor Callon, which is historical/dedicatory content; the Hermes statue itself is only located and described. |
| 5.27.9 | 1 | other | historical | βοῶν δὲ τῶν χαλκῶν ὁ μὲν Κορκυραίων, ὁ δὲ ἀνάθημα Ἐρετριέων, τέχνη δὲ Ἐρετριέως ἐστὶ Φιλησίου · | Of the bronze oxen, one was dedicated by the Corcyraeans, and the other is an offering of the Eretrians, wrought by Philesius of Eretria. | Records a historical dedication/offerings by the Corcyraeans and Eretrians, with the maker named; no mythic narrative. |
| 5.27.10 | 2 | mythic | other | ἀνασχὼν δὲ ἐξαίφνης τὴν κεφαλὴν κατεάγη τε αὐτὴν πρὸς τὸν χαλκὸν καὶ ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος ἡμέραις ὕστερον ἀπέθανεν οὐ πολλαῖς. | Suddenly raising his head, he struck it against the bronze, and from this wound he died not many days afterward. | The sentence only describes a person's physical action and death from a wound; it does not itself assert mythic or historical content. |
| 5.27.10 | 3 | mythic | other | Ἠλεῖοι μὲν δὴ τὸν βοῦν ἅτε αἵματι ἔνοχον ἐβουλεύοντο ἐκκομίσαι τῆς Ἄλτεως· | The Eleans, considering the ox defiled with blood-guilt, intended to remove it from the Altis. | This is a procedural decision by the Eleans about removing a polluted ox; it does not narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 5.27.10 | 4 | other | mythic | ὁ δὲ σφᾶς ὁ θεὸς ὁ ἐν Δελφοῖς κατὰ χώραν ἐᾶν τὸ ἀνάθημα καθάρσια ἔχρα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ποιησαμένους, ὁπόσα Ἕλληνες ἐπὶ ἀκουσίῳ φόνῳ νομίζουσιν. | But the god at Delphi instructed them to leave the dedication in its place and to perform upon it the rites of purification customary among Greeks for involuntary homicide. | The sentence reports an oracle from the god at Delphi instructing a purification rite, which is mythic/religious content; it does not assert post-500 BCE historical ঘটনা. |