Sentences where the two classifiers disagree
| Passage | Sentence | Original | Greta-inspired | Greek | English | Greta-inspired rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.1.5 | 2 | other | mythic | τοῦτο δὲ τοὺς χιτῶνας τοὺς ἐκ τῶν δερμάτων τῶν οἰῶν, οἷς καὶ νῦν περί τε Εὔβοιαν ἔτι χρῶνται καὶ ἐν τῇ Φωκίδι ὁπόσοι βίου σπανίζουσιν, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἐξευρών. | It was he also who invented tunics fashioned from the skins of sheep, garments still worn today around Euboea and in Phocis by all who endure poverty. | The sentence attributes an invention to a mythic figure ('he also who invented'), which is mythic content; it does not assert post-500 BCE historical content. |
| 8.2.1 | 3 | historical | other | οὐκέτι δὲ τὰ παρʼ Ἀθηναίοις Παναθήναια τεθῆναι πρότερα ἀποφαίνομαι· | I hold that the Panathenaia, celebrated among the Athenians, were not instituted earlier. | A statement about the relative antiquity of the Panathenaia; it is an authorial historical judgment, but here it is phrased as a comparative claim about institution timing rather than narrating a specific historical event. |
| 8.2.5 | 2 | historical | other | ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ δὲ---κακία γὰρ δὴ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ηὔξετο καὶ γῆν τε ἐπενέμετο πᾶσαν καὶ πόλεις πάσας---οὔτε θεὸς ἐγίνετο οὐδεὶς ἔτι ἐξ ἀνθρώπου, πλὴν ὅσον λόγῳ καὶ κολακείᾳ πρὸς τὸ ὑπερέχον, | But in my own day—when indeed wickedness has increased greatly and spread throughout all lands and cities—no one ever becomes a god from among men any longer, except insofar as they are honored through words and flattery toward those in power. | Authorial present-day comment about moral decline and current practice; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a specific historical event. |
| 8.2.5 | 3 | mythic | other | καὶ ἀδίκοις τὸ μήνιμα τὸ ἐκ τῶν θεῶν ὀψέ τε καὶ ἀπελθοῦσιν ἐνθένδε ἀπόκειται. | As for the unjust, the wrath from the gods awaits them, though late, even after they have departed from this life. | A general moral statement about divine wrath awaiting the unjust; it does not narrate a mythic episode or a historical event. |
| 8.3.3 | 3 | other | mythic | ὑπὸ δὲ Ὑψοῦντος καὶ Μελαινεαί τε ἐκτίσθησαν καὶ Ὑψοῦς, ἔτι δὲ Θυραῖόν τε καὶ Αἱμονιαί· | By Hypsus were founded both Melaneae and Hypsus itself, as well as Thyraeum and Haemoniae. | This sentence gives a foundation legend, saying Hypsus founded several places; that is mythic/etiological rather than historical. |
| 8.3.3 | 4 | other | mythic | δόξῃ δὲ τῇ Ἀρκάδων καὶ ἡ Θυρέα ἡ ἐν τῇ Ἀργολίδι γῇ καὶ ὁ Θυρεάτης καλούμενος κόλπος ἀπὸ τοῦ Θυραίου τούτου τὰ ὀνόματα ἐσχήκασι. | According to Arcadian tradition, Thyrea in Argolis and the so-called Thyreatic Gulf derived their names from this Thyraeum. | A naming legend is being reported: Thyrea and the Thyreatic Gulf are said to have derived their names from Thyraeum. |
| 8.3.4 | 2 | other | mythic | ὠνομάσθησαν δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ Κρώμου Κρῶμοι, καὶ Χαρισία Χαρίσιον ἔχουσα οἰκιστήν, Τρικόλωνοι δὲ ἀπὸ Τρικολώνου, καὶ ἀπὸ μὲν Περαίθου Περαιθεῖς, Ἀσέα δὲ ἀπὸ Ἀσεάτα καὶ ἀπὸ Λυκέως Λυκόα καὶ Σουματία ἀπὸ Σουματέως· | They were also named Kromoi from Cromus, and Charisia after its founder Charisios; Trikolonoi after Trikolon; Peraithoi after Peraithos; Asea from Aseatas; Lykoa from Lykeus; and Soumatia from Soumateus. | The sentence gives foundation/naming etymologies from eponymous founders or ancestors, which counts as mythic content; it does not assert post-500 BCE historical events. |
| 8.3.4 | 3 | other | mythic | Ἀλίφηρος δὲ καὶ Ἡραιεὺς ἐπώνυμοι καὶ οὗτοι πόλεσίν εἰσιν ἀμφότεροι. | Alipherus and Heraieus are likewise eponymous founders, each giving their names to their respective cities, Alipheira and Heraia. | The sentence asserts an eponymous foundation/naming legend for cities by Alipherus and Heraieus, which is mythic content; it does not describe post-500 BCE historical events. |
| 8.4.2 | 2 | other | mythic | Δρυάδας γὰρ δὴ καὶ Ἐπιμηλιάδας, τὰς δὲ αὐτῶν ἐκάλουν Ναΐδας, καὶ Ὁμήρῳ γε ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσι Ναΐδων νυμφῶν μάλιστά ἐστι μνήμη. | For indeed there are Dryads and Epimeliads, and of these some were called Naiads; it is notably the Naiad nymphs whom Homer expressly mentions in his verses. | The sentence asserts the existence and naming of mythic nymph kinds (Dryads, Epimeliads, Naiads) and cites Homer’s mention of them. |
| 8.4.3 | 1 | historical | mythic | ἐγεγόνει δὲ αὐτῷ πρότερον ἔτι Αὐτόλαος νόθος. | Autolaus, an illegitimate son, had been born to him earlier still. | This sentence states a heroic genealogy/birth detail about Autolaus, a mythic figure. |
| 8.4.3 | 4 | historical | mythic | παρὰ τούτων δὲ ἀποικισθῆναι λέγουσιν, ὅσοι περὶ τὸ ἄντρον ἐν Φρυγίᾳ τὸ καλούμενον Στεῦνος καὶ Πέγκαλαν ποταμὸν οἰκοῦσιν. | They say it was from these people that colonists went forth to settle the region in Phrygia around the cave called Steunos and the river Pencalas. | It reports a settlement origin legend ('they say it was from these people that colonists went forth'), which is mythic/etiological in form; no post-500 BCE historical event or person is asserted. |
| 8.4.3 | 5 | mythic | historical | Ἀφείδας δὲ Τεγέαν καὶ τὴν προσεχῆ ταύτης ἔλαχεν. | Apheidas obtained Tegea and the territory adjoining it. | States that Apheidas obtained Tegea and adjacent territory, a political/historical possession claim. |
| 8.4.5 | 2 | historical | other | εἰ μὲν καὶ ἄλλα, οὐκ οἶδα, ἱπποδρομίας δὲ ἐτέθη. | Whether there were other contests, I do not know, but certainly a horse-race was instituted. | Mentions only that a horse-race was instituted; this is a bare historical note about an institution, but in this sentence it is too unspecific and functions as a procedural/organizational remark rather than a dated historical event. |
| 8.4.8 | 1 | mythic | other | μετὰ δὲ Αἴπυτον ἔσχεν Ἄλεος τὴν ἀρχήν· | After Aepytus, Aleus gained the kingship. | States a succession to kingship, but as a bare historical-style notice without narrative detail or dated post-500 BCE event. |
| 8.4.9 | 4 | mythic | other | καὶ νῦν ἔστι μὲν Αὔγης μνῆμα ἐν Περγάμῳ τῇ ὑπὲρ τοῦ Καΐκου, γῆς χῶμα λίθου περιεχόμενον κρηπῖδι, ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ μνήματι ἐπίθημα χαλκοῦ πεποιημένον, γυνὴ γυμνή. | Even now there is a tomb of Auge in Pergamus above the Caicus, a mound of earth surrounded by a stone base, and on her tomb there is a bronze image of a naked woman. | This sentence only locates Auge's tomb and describes its appearance; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.5.2 | 4 | mythic | other | τέως δὲ ἡ θεὸς παρὰ Κυπρίων τιμὰς εἶχεν ἐν Γολγοῖς καλουμένῳ χωρίῳ. | Previously, the goddess had received honors among the Cypriots in a place called Golgoi. | A bare statement that the goddess had honors at Golgoi; it locates cult practice but does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.5.4 | 2 | historical | other | καὶ τῷ μὲν ἐπιφανὲς συμβῆναι παρὰ τὸν βίον φασὶν οὐδέν, πλὴν ὅσον οὐκ ἐν Τεγέᾳ τὴν βασιλείαν κατεστήσατο ἀλλὰ ἐν Τραπεζοῦντι· | It is said that no notable event marked his life, except that he chose to establish his royal seat not in Tegea but in Trapezous. | This is a biographical note about where he established his royal seat, but in this sentence it functions as a location/choice detail rather than narrating a dated historical event. |
| 8.5.7 | 1 | historical | other | Ὁλαίας δὲ ἦν Κυψέλου παῖς, | Olaeas was the son of Cypselus. | A bare genealogical identification of Olaeas as Cypselus' son; no mythic deed or historical event is asserted. |
| 8.5.8 | 1 | mythic | both | ἐπὶ δὲ Σίμου τοῦ Φιάλου βασιλεύοντος ἠφανίσθη Φιγαλεῦσιν ὑπὸ πυρὸς τῆς Μελαίνης Δήμητρος τὸ ἀρχαῖον ξόανον· ἐσήμαινε δὲ ἄρα οὐ μετὰ πολὺ ἔσεσθαι καὶ αὐτῷ Σίμῳ τοῦ βίου τὴν τελευτήν. | During the reign of Simus, son of Phialus, the ancient wooden image of Demeter Melaina at Phigalia was destroyed by fire; and this event soon signified the approaching end of Simus' own life. | Mentions the mythic cult image of Demeter Melaina and an omen-like sign; also dates the event by Simus' reign and gives a biographical historical notice about his death. |
| 8.5.8 | 3 | other | historical | Αἰγινῆται κατὰ ἐμπορίαν ἐσέπλεον ναυσὶν ἐς Κυλλήνην, ἐκεῖθεν δὲ ὑποζυγίοις τὰ φορτία ἀνῆγον παρὰ τοὺς Ἀρκάδας. | At that time, the Aeginetans sailed into Cyllene on trading voyages, and from there conveyed their goods by pack animals into Arcadia. | Describes a commercial practice by the Aeginetans, a post-classical historical activity; no mythic content. |
| 8.5.8 | 4 | other | historical | ἀντὶ τούτου ἐτίμησεν ὁ Πόμπος μεγάλως, καὶ δὴ καὶ ὄνομα Αἰγινήτην τῷ παιδὶ ἔθετο ἐπὶ τῶν Αἰγινητῶν τῇ φιλίᾳ. | Because of this commercial activity, Pompos honored them greatly, even going so far as to name his son "Aeginetes," in recognition of the friendship he had developed with the Aeginetans. | The sentence reports a historical social act by Pompos—honoring the Aeginetans and naming his son—rather than mythic narrative. |
| 8.5.9 | 1 | historical | mythic | μετὰ δὲ Αἰγινήτην Πολυμήστωρ ἐγένετο ὁ Αἰγινήτου βασιλεὺς Ἀρκάδων, | After Aeginetes, Polymestor the son of Aeginetes became king of the Arcadians. | States a succession of Arcadian kings and a royal genealogy, which is mythic/heroic rather than post-500 BCE historical. |
| 8.5.9 | 4 | historical | other | Χαρίλλου μὲν δὴ καὶ τῆς σὺν αὐτῷ στρατιᾶς ἐς πλέον μνήμην ποιησόμεθα ἐν τοῖς Τεγεατικοῖς· | We shall speak at greater length regarding Charillus and the army that accompanied him in our account of Tegea. | Authorial cross-reference to a later discussion of Charillus; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical content. |
| 8.5.10 | 2 | other | mythic | Βριάκα μὲν παῖς, Πολυμήστορος δὲ ἀδελφιδοῦς· Αἰγινήτου γὰρ ἦν καὶ Βριάκας, νεώτερος δὲ ἦν Πολυμήστορος. | He was the son of Briacas and cousin to Polymestor; for Briacas, too, was the son of Aeginetes, though younger than Polymestor. | This sentence gives a genealogy of named figures (son/cousin, son of Aeginetes), which is mythic/heroic content rather than historical. |
| 8.6.1 | 1 | other | mythic | τὰ μὲν δὴ ἐς τοὺς βασιλεῖς πολυπραγμονήσαντί μοι κατὰ ταῦτα ἐγενεαλόγησαν οἱ Ἀρκάδες· | Regarding the kings, the Arcadians, when I investigated the matter, provided me with the genealogies I have described above. | The sentence itself reports genealogies of the kings, which is mythic/heroic content; it does not assert a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 8.6.1 | 2 | historical | both | κοινῇ δὲ Ἀρκάσιν ὑπῆρχεν ἐς μνήμην τὰ μὲν ἀρχαιότατα ὁ πρὸς Ἰλίῳ πόλεμος, δεύτερα δὲ ὁπόσα ἀμύνοντες Μεσσηνίοις Λακεδαιμονίων ἐναντία ἐμαχέσαντο· μέτεστι δὲ καὶ πρὸς Μήδους σφίσιν ἔργου τοῦ ἐν Πλαταιαῖς. | As for common memories among the Arcadians, the most ancient event was the Trojan War; next were the battles they fought against the Spartans while assisting the Messenians; and they also shared in the action against the Medes at Plataea. | The sentence explicitly names the Trojan War, a mythic event, and also the Arcadians' participation at Plataea, a historical battle. |
| 8.6.5 | 4 | other | mythic | ἐπίκλησιν δὲ ἡ θεὸς ταύτην κατʼ ἄλλο μὲν ἔσχεν οὐδέν, ὅτι δὲ ἀνθρώπων μὴ τὰ πάντα αἱ μίξεις ὥσπερ τοῖς κτήνεσι μεθʼ ἡμέραν, τὰ πλείω δέ εἰσιν ἐν νυκτί. | This goddess received her surname for no other reason than this: human unions do not typically occur for the most part by day, as with beasts, but rather take place much more frequently at night. | The sentence gives a cult etiology for the goddess's surname, explaining its origin by a mythic/religious naming story; it does not assert historical events. |
| 8.7.2 | 3 | other | mythic | τὸ δὲ ἀρχαῖον καὶ καθίεσαν ἐς τὴν Δίνην τῷ Ποσειδῶνι ἵππους οἱ Ἀργεῖοι κεκοσμημένους χαλινοῖς. | In ancient times, the Argives used to offer horses adorned with bridles to Poseidon by sending them down into the Dine. | Describes an ancient cult offering to Poseidon; this is ritual practice/etiology rather than a historical event. |
| 8.7.6 | 2 | historical | both | Φίλιππος μὲν οὐ πρόσω βιώσας ἕξ τε καὶ τεσσαράκοντα ἐτῶν τὸ μάντευμα ἐξετέλεσε τὸ ἐκ Δελφῶν, ὃ δὴ χρωμένῳ οἱ περὶ τοῦ Πέρσου γενέσθαι λέγουσιν, ἔστεπται μὲν ὁ ταῦρος, ἔχει τέλος, ἔστιν ὁ θύσων· | Philip, who lived no more than forty-six years, fulfilled the oracle given at Delphi, which, as they relate, had been delivered to him in his inquiry about the Persian: "The bull is garlanded; the end is at hand; there is one who will sacrifice him." | The sentence asserts Philip's death age and fulfillment of a Delphic oracle tied to his inquiry about Persia; it contains both a historical biography detail and an oracle pronouncement within a mythic/religious frame. |
| 8.7.7 | 2 | historical | mythic | χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον καὶ Ἀριδαῖον ἀπέκτεινεν. | Sometime later, she also killed Arrhidaeus. | The sentence asserts that she killed Arrhidaeus, a mythic/royal figure in the narrative; it is not a route note or mere location. |
| 8.7.7 | 3 | historical | both | ἔμελλε δὲ ἄρα ὁ δαίμων καὶ τὸ γένος τὸ Κασσάνδρου κακῶς ἐξαμήσειν· | But it seems heaven intended evil likewise to destroy Cassander's line. | The sentence attributes Cassander's line's destruction to a daimon/heavenly agency, which is mythic/divine causation, and Cassander is a historical figure, but the sentence itself is not a dated historical event. |
| 8.7.8 | 1 | historical | both | εἰ δὲ τῶν ἐς Γλαῦκον τὸν Σπαρτιάτην ἐποιήσατο ὁ Φίλιππος λόγον καὶ τὸ ἔπος ἐφʼ ἑκάστου τῶν ἔργων ἀνεμίμνησκεν αὑτόν, ἀνδρὸς δʼ εὐόρκου γενεὴ μετόπισθεν ἀρείων, οὐκ ἂν οὕτω δίχα λόγου δοκεῖ μοι θεῶν τις Ἀλεξάνδρου τε ὁμοῦ τὸν βίον καὶ ἀκμὴν τὴν Μακεδόνων σβέσαι. | But if Philip had taken heed of his treatment of Glaucus the Spartan, and had reminded himself of this saying at each of his actions—that the descendants of a righteous man are made better—then it seems to me beyond doubt that no god would so swiftly have extinguished the life of Alexander and simultaneously ended the glory of the Macedonians. | Mentions Philip, Alexander, and the Macedonians in a historical claim, while also invoking a god causing Alexander's death in a mythic-causal assertion. |
| 8.8.1 | 3 | mythic | other | καὶ κατὰ τὴν Νεστάνην ὑπόκειται μάλιστα , μοῖρα μὲν καὶ αὐτὴ τοῦ πεδίου τοῦ Ἀργοῦ, χορὸς δὲ ὀνομάζεται Μαιρᾶς. | Near Nestane, at the foot of the mountain above it, there is a place that forms part of the plain of Argos, called the Dancing-ground of Maera. | This is a topographic/location note naming a place; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical ঘটনা. |
| 8.8.3 | 2 | mythic | other | Ἑλλήνων τοὺς νομιζομένους σοφοὺς διʼ αἰνιγμάτων πάλαι καὶ οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ εὐθέος λέγειν τοὺς λόγους, καὶ τὰ εἰρημένα οὖν ἐς τὸν Κρόνον σοφίαν εἶναί τινα εἴκαζον Ἑλλήνων. | However, once I had proceeded to the Arcadian accounts, I developed the following conviction about them: that the Greeks considered wise from ancient times spoke in riddles, rather than plainly and directly, and thus I concluded that the stories told about Cronus contain some kind of concealed Greek wisdom. | Authorial reflection on Greek wisdom and an interpretation of stories about Cronus; it does not itself narrate a mythic event or a historical event. |
| 8.8.5 | 1 | mythic | other | εἰ δὲ Ὁμήρου χρὴ τεκμαιρόμενον τοῖς ἔπεσι συμβαλέσθαι γνώμην, τὸν ὄφιν τοῦτον δράκοντα εἶναι πείθομαι. | If one must judge by the verses of Homer and use them as evidence, I am convinced that this "serpent" was a dragon. | Authorial inference about Homer’s wording; no mythic event or historical event is narrated in the sentence itself. |
| 8.8.5 | 2 | mythic | other | περὶ Φιλοκτήτου μὲν ἐν νεῶν καταλόγῳ ποιήσας ὡς ἀπολίποιεν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἕλληνες ἐν Λήμνῳ ταλαιπωροῦντα ὑπὸ τοῦ ἕλκους, ἐπίκλησιν δὲ οὐκ ἔθετο ὄφιν τῷ ὕδρῳ· τὸν δράκοντα δέ, ὃν ἐς τοὺς Τρῶας ἀφῆκεν ὁ ἀετός, ἐκάλεσεν ὄφιν. | For concerning Philoctetes, when Homer describes in the Catalogue of Ships how the Greeks abandoned him in his suffering on Lemnos due to his wound, he does not designate the water-serpent as an "ophis"; yet the dragon sent by the eagle against the Trojans he calls precisely an ophis. | Authorial comment on Homer’s wording and a textual distinction about names; no mythic event or historical event is being narrated in this sentence itself. |
| 8.8.9 | 2 | historical | other | Ἀγησίπολις δὲ καθεστηκὸς καὶ ᾀδόμενον ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων ἐμιμήσατο. | Agesipolis merely imitated a tactic already established and celebrated among the Greeks. | This is a general statement about Agesipolis imitating an established tactic; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 8.9.3 | 1 | mythic | other | Πραξιτέλης δὲ τὰ ἀγάλματα αὐτήν τε καθημένην ἐν θρόνῳ καὶ παρεστώσας ἐποίησεν Ἀθηνᾶν καὶ Ἥβην παῖδα Ἥρας. | Praxiteles fashioned the statues—Hera herself seated on a throne and standing beside her Athena and Hebe, daughter of Hera. | This sentence only describes Praxiteles’ making of statues and identifies the figures depicted; it does not narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 8.9.3 | 2 | mythic | other | πρὸς δὲ τῆς Ἥρας τῷ βωμῷ καὶ Ἀρκάδος τάφος τοῦ Καλλιστοῦς ἐστι· | Near the altar of Hera is also the tomb of Arcas, son of Callisto. | This is a bare locational notice that Arcas' tomb is near Hera's altar; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.9.4 | 3 | mythic | other | τὸ δὲ χωρίον τοῦτο, ἔνθα ὁ τάφος ἐστὶ τοῦ Ἀρκάδος, καλοῦσιν Ἡλίου βωμούς. | The place itself, where the tomb of Arcas stands, is called the Altars of the Sun. | This is a naming/topographic note: it identifies a place and says what it is called, without narrating a myth or historical event. |
| 8.9.7 | 1 | historical | other | ἐνομίσθη δὲ καὶ Ἀντίνους σφίσιν εἶναι θεός· τῶν δὲ ἐν Μαντινείᾳ νεώτατός ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ Ἀντίνου ναός. | Antinous was also considered by them to be a god; the newest temple in Mantineia is indeed that of Antinous. | The sentence only notes that Antinous was regarded as a god and identifies a temple in Mantineia; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.10.2 | 4 | historical | other | πέριξ δὲ ἐκέλευε τὸν ναὸν σφᾶς οἰκοδομεῖσθαι τὸν καινόν. | Rather, he ordered the construction of the new temple to take place around it. | This is a construction/order sentence about building a new temple; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical ঘটনা. |
| 8.10.4 | 1 | mythic | other | θαλάσσης δὲ ἀναφαίνεσθαι κῦμα ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ λόγος ἐστὶν ἀρχαῖος· | There is an ancient tradition that says a wave from the sea appeared in the sanctuary. | Reports an ancient tradition about a wave appearing in the sanctuary; this is a bare tradition notice, not a narrated mythic deed or historical event. |
| 8.10.4 | 2 | mythic | other | ἐοικότα δὲ καὶ Ἀθηναῖοι λέγουσιν ἐς τὸ κῦμα τὸ ἐν ἀκροπόλει καὶ Καρῶν οἱ Μύλασα ἔχοντες ἐς τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ ἱερόν, ὃν φωνῇ τῇ ἐπιχωρίᾳ καλοῦσιν Ὀσογῶα. | Similar stories are told by the Athenians concerning the wave on their Acropolis, and by the Carians from Mylasa about the sanctuary of the god whom they call, in their local tongue, Osogoa. | This sentence only notes that Athenians and Carians tell similar stories and locates a sanctuary; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.10.5 | 2 | historical | other | λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὁ τρόπος τῆς μάχης. | The manner of the battle is also recounted as follows: the Mantineans themselves took the right flank, furnishing an army from all ages and led by Podares, who was a third-generation descendant of that Podares who had fought against the Thebans. | This sentence is a battle-description/route-style report of how the forces were arranged; it does not itself assert a mythic deed or a historical event beyond the tactical detail. |
| 8.10.9 | 1 | historical | both | πολέμῳ δὲ καὶ ἀνθρώπων φόνοις παρεῖναι θεοὺς ἐποίησαν μὲν ὅσοις τὰ ἡρώων ἐμέλησεν ἐν Ἰλίῳ παθήματα, ᾄδεται δὲ ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων ὡς θεοί σφισιν ἐν Μαραθῶνι καὶ ἐν Σαλαμῖνι τοῦ ἔργου μετάσχοιεν· | As for the presence of gods in warfare and the slaughter of men, those concerned with the sufferings of heroes at Ilium have affirmed this; and the Athenians sing of how the gods took part in their deeds at Marathon and Salamis. | The sentence explicitly mentions gods taking part in the Trojan War at Ilium (mythic) and in the Athenians' deeds at Marathon and Salamis (historical). |
| 8.10.9 | 2 | historical | both | ἐκδηλότατα δὲ ὁ Γαλατῶν στρατὸς ἀπώλετο ἐν Δελφοῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐναργῶς ὑπὸ δαιμόνων. | But most clearly of all, the host of the Gauls was destroyed at Delphi by divine agency, manifestly through supernatural powers. | The sentence asserts the destruction of the Gauls at Delphi, a historical event, and attributes it to divine/supernatural agency, which is mythic content. |
| 8.10.9 | 3 | mythic | historical | οὕτω καὶ Μαντινεῦσιν ἕπεται οὐκ ἄνευ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος τὸ κράτος γενέσθαι σφίσι. | Thus the Mantineans also attribute their victory explicitly to the assistance of Poseidon. | The sentence asserts a victory and attributes it to Poseidon; this is a historical victory record with divine assistance, but not a mythic narrative. |
| 8.11.1 | 3 | mythic | other | εἰ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἐς ἀριστερὰν ἐκτραπῆναι θελήσειας, σταδίους τε ἥξεις μάλιστά που πέντε καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν Πελίου θυγατέρων ἀφίξῃ τοὺς τάφους· | If, however, you wish to turn left from Poseidon's sanctuary, you will go about five stades and arrive at the tombs of the daughters of Pelias. | A route/distance note locating tombs; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.11.3 | 2 | historical | mythic | τοῦτο ἠνάγκασε τὰς γυναῖκας ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν μετοικῆσαι, καὶ ἀποθανούσαις τὰ μνήματα ἐχώσθη σφίσιν αὐτοῦ· | This compelled the women to migrate to Arcadia, and having died there, their tombs were built in that very place. | The sentence narrates a migration and burial of women in a story-like etiological context, but it does not assert post-500 BCE historical events. |
| 8.11.3 | 3 | mythic | other | ὀνόματα δὲ αὐταῖς ποιητὴς μὲν ἔθετο οὐδείς, ὅσα γε ἐπελεξάμεθα ἡμεῖς, Μίκων δὲ ὁ ζωγράφος Ἀστερόπειάν τε εἶναι καὶ Ἀντινόην ἐπὶ ταῖς εἰκόσιν αὐτῶν ἐπέγραψεν. | No poet, at least among those whom I have examined, has named these women; but Micon the painter, in his inscriptions accompanying their portraits, identified them as Asteropeia and Antinoe. | This is an authorial note about names on portraits by a painter; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 8.11.7 | 4 | historical | other | λαβόντος δὲ ἴσον τοῦ ἀγῶνος πέρας, οὕτω τὴν χεῖρα ἀπέσχεν ἀπὸ τοῦ τραύματος· καὶ αὐτὸν ἀφέντα τὴν ψυχὴν ἔθαψαν ἔνθα σφίσιν ἐγένετο ἡ συμβολή. | But after the fighting had reached an indecisive conclusion, he withdrew his hand from the wound, and, having released his life, they buried him on the very spot where their armies had clashed. | Describes the outcome of a fight and burial at the clash site; it is narrative but not mythic or post-500 BCE historical in itself. |
| 8.11.9 | 2 | historical | other | Λακεδαιμονίων μὲν γὰρ καὶ Ἀθηναίων τοῖς ἡγεμόσι πόλεών τε ἀξίωμα ὑπῆρχεν ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ οἱ στρατιῶται φρονήματός τι ἦσαν ἔχοντες, | For the rulers of Sparta and Athens long possessed great prestige due to the importance of their cities, and their soldiers always had a certain pride in their spirit. | General remark about the prestige and spirit of Spartan and Athenian leaders/soldiers; no mythic narrative or specific historical event. |
| 8.11.10 | 1 | historical | both | ἐγεγόνει δὲ τῷ Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ μαντεία πρότερον ἔτι ἐκ Δελφῶν πέλαγος αὐτὸν φυλάσσεσθαι· | Epaminondas had previously received an oracle from Delphi that warned him to beware of "Pelagos." | The sentence reports an oracle from Delphi warning Epaminondas, which is mythic/religious content, and it concerns the historical figure Epaminondas. |
| 8.11.11 | 1 | mythic | both | Ἀννίβᾳ γὰρ χρησμὸς ἀφίκετο παρὰ Ἄμμωνος ὡς ἀποθανὼν γῇ καλυφθήσεται τῇ Λιβύσσῃ. | For Hannibal received an oracle from Ammon, that he would die and be buried in Libyssa. | The sentence gives an oracle from Ammon (mythic/religious content) and names Hannibal, a historical person, in a biographical context. |
| 8.11.11 | 4 | historical | other | προελθόντι δέ οἱ στάδια οὐ πολλὰ πυρετός τε ἀπὸ τοῦ τραύματος καὶ ἡ τελευτὴ τριταίῳ συνέβη· | After advancing only a short distance, he was seized on the third day by fever from the wound, and died. | Reports a death from a wound; no mythic or post-500 BCE historical assertion in itself. |
| 8.11.11 | 5 | historical | other | τὸ δὲ χωρίον ἔνθα ἀπέθανε καλοῦσιν οἱ Νικομηδεῖς Λίβυσσαν. | The place where he met his end is called Libyssa by the people of Nicomedia. | A bare naming/location statement about where he died and what the locals call the place; no mythic or historical event is asserted in the sentence itself. |
| 8.11.12 | 1 | historical | both | Ἀθηναίοις δὲ μάντευμα ἐκ Δωδώνης Σικελίαν ἦλθεν οἰκίζειν, ἡ δὲ οὐ πόρρω τῆς πόλεως ἡ Σικελία λόφος ἐστὶν οὐ μέγας· οἱ δὲ οὐ συμφρονήσαντες τὸ εἰρημένον ἔς τε ὑπερορίους στρατείας προήχθησαν καὶ ἐς τὸν Συρακοσίων πόλεμον. | An oracle from Dodona came to the Athenians commanding them to found a settlement in "Sicily," and there is indeed, near their city, a hill called Sicily, though not a large one; but failing to understand the true meaning of this oracle, they were drawn into expeditions overseas and into the war against Syracuse. | The sentence reports an oracle from Dodona and its command, which is mythic/religious content, and also mentions the Athenians being drawn into overseas expeditions and the war against Syracuse, a historical event. |
| 8.12.1 | 1 | historical | other | τοῦ τάφου δὲ τοῦ Ἐπαμινώνδα μάλιστά που σταδίου μῆκος Διὸς ἀφέστηκεν ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Χάρμωνος. | About a stade's distance from the tomb of Epaminondas stands a sanctuary of Zeus surnamed Charmon. | This is only a topographic notice locating a sanctuary near Epaminondas' tomb; it does not narrate mythic or historical action. |
| 8.12.2 | 2 | mythic | other | προελθόντι δὲ σταδίους τριάκοντα πεδίον τε ὀνομαζόμενον Ἀλκιμέδων καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ πεδίου τὸ ὄρος ἐστὶν ἡ Ὀστρακίνα, ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ σπήλαιον, ἔνθα ᾤκησεν Ἀλκιμέδων, ἀνὴρ τῶν καλουμένων ἡρώων. | Thirty stades further along, there is a plain called Alcimedon, and above this plain rises Mount Ostrakina. | This sentence is only a route/topographic note naming a plain and a mountain; it does not itself narrate Alcimedon’s story or any historical event. |
| 8.12.3 | 3 | mythic | other | καλοῦσι δὲ Αἰχμαγόραν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἀρκάδες. | The Arcadians call this child Aechmagoras. | This is only a naming note ('the Arcadians call this child Aechmagoras'), with no mythic narrative or historical event asserted. |
| 8.12.5 | 2 | other | mythic | Πηνελόπης δὲ εἶναι τάφον φασίν, οὐχ ὁμολογοῦντες τὰ ἐς αὐτὴν ποιήσει τῇ Θεσπρωτίδι ὀνομαζομένῃ. | On one of them is the stadium called Ladas, in which Ladas trained himself in running. | The sentence asserts a mythic/legendary burial tradition about Penelope; it does not present post-500 BCE historical content. |
| 8.12.7 | 1 | historical | other | τοῦ τάφου δὲ ἔχεται τούτου πεδίον οὐ μέγα, καὶ ὄρος ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὰ ἐρείπια ἔτι Μαντινείας ἔχον τῆς ἀρχαίας· | Next to this tomb is a small plain, and within the plain is a hill on which still stand the ruins of ancient Mantinea. | Pure topographic note locating a plain and the ruins of ancient Mantinea; it does not narrate an event or assert mythic/historical content. |
| 8.12.7 | 4 | mythic | other | τῆς Πτόλεως δὲ μετὰ σταδίους τριάκοντα κώμης τε ἐρείπια καλουμένης Μαιρᾶς καὶ τάφος Μαιρᾶς, εἰ δὴ ἐνταῦθα καὶ μὴ ἐν τῇ Τεγεατῶν ἐτάφη· | From Ptolis at a distance of thirty stades are the remains of a village named Maira and the tomb of Maira—if indeed it is here and not in the Tegean territory that she was buried. | This is a route/topographic notice identifying ruins and a tomb, with a cautious location note; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.12.8 | 1 | mythic | other | λείπεται δὲ ἔτι τῶν ὁδῶν ἡ ἐς Ὀρχομενόν, καθʼ ἥντινα Ἀγχισία τε ὄρος καὶ Ἀγχίσου μνῆμά ἐστιν ὑπὸ τοῦ ὄρους τοῖς ποσίν. | There still remains the road leading to Orchomenus, along which lies Mount Anchisia, and at the foot of this mountain is the tomb of Anchises. | A route note locating Mount Anchisia and Anchises' tomb; it only identifies places and does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.12.9 | 1 | mythic | other | τούτου δὲ συντελοῦσιν ἐς πίστιν Αἰολέων οἱ Ἴλιον ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἔχοντες, οὐδαμοῦ τῆς σφετέρας ἀποφαίνοντες μνῆμα Ἀγχίσου. | In support of this belief, the Aeolians who possess Ilium in our time make no claim anywhere among themselves concerning the tomb of Anchises. | A report about what the Aeolians currently do not claim regarding Anchises' tomb; it is a contemporary notice, not a mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 8.12.9 | 2 | mythic | other | πρὸς δὲ τοῦ Ἀγχίσου τῷ τάφῳ ἐρείπιά ἐστιν Ἀφροδίτης ἱεροῦ, καὶ Μαντινέων ὅροι πρὸς Ὀρχομενίους καὶ ἐν ταῖς Ἀγχισίαις εἰσίν. | Near the tomb of Anchises are ruins of a temple of Aphrodite, and the boundaries between Mantineia and Orchomenus run through Anchisia as well. | The sentence only locates ruins of Aphrodite's temple and gives a boundary note; it does not narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 8.13.4 | 2 | mythic | other | τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ διὰ χαράδρας ῥέον κοίλης μεταξὺ τῆς τε πόλεως καὶ τοῦ Τραχέος ὄρους κάτεισιν ἐς ἄλλο Ὀρχομένιον πεδίον, τὸ δὲ πεδίον τοῦτο μεγέθει μὲν μέγα, τὰ πλείω δέ ἐστιν αὐτοῦ λίμνη. | The water flowing from the deity through a ravine between the city and Mount Trachy descends into another plain belonging to Orchomenus. | Pure topographic description of water flowing through a ravine into a plain; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted. |
| 8.13.5 | 1 | historical | other | κατὰ δὲ τὴν ὁδὸν ταύτην πρῶτον μὲν μνῆμά ἐστιν Ἀριστοκράτους, ὃς βίᾳ ποτὲ ᾔσχυνε τὴν ἱερωμένην τῇ Ὑμνίᾳ θεῷ παρθένον, | Along this road, first there is the tomb of Aristocrates, who once forcibly dishonored the maiden priestess of the goddess Hymnia. | This sentence is a route/topographic notice identifying a tomb and giving a brief descriptive note; it does not itself narrate a mythic or historical event. |
| 8.14.1 | 2 | mythic | other | πλεονάσαντος δέ ποτε αὐτῷ τοῦ ὕδατος κατακλυσθῆναί φασι τὴν ἀρχαίαν Φενεόν, ὥστε καὶ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν σημεῖα ἐλείπετο ἐπὶ τῶν ὀρῶν ἐς ἃ ἐπαναβῆναι τὸ ὕδωρ λέγουσι. | They say that when its waters once became too abundant, the ancient city of Pheneus was flooded, so that even in our own days the marks could still be seen on the mountains to which, it is said, the water reached. | This is a flood notice and surviving marks on mountains; it reports a physical/topographic phenomenon, not a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.14.4 | 2 | other | mythic | οἰκιστὴν δὲ οἱ Φενεᾶται λέγουσιν ἄνδρα αὐτόχθονα εἶναι Φενεόν. | According to the Pheneatians, their founder was an indigenous man named Pheneus. | A foundation legend is being asserted: the Pheneatians say their founder was an indigenous man named Pheneus. |
| 8.14.8 | 1 | other | historical | διέχεαν δὲ χαλκὸν πρῶτοι καὶ ἀγάλματα ἐχωνεύσαντο Ῥοῖκός τε Φιλαίου καὶ Θεόδωρος Τηλεκλέους Σάμιοι. | The Samians Rhoecus, son of Philaeus, and Theodorus, son of Telecles, were the first to cast bronze and to pour statues. | States a historical technological priority and names identifiable historical craftsmen; no mythic narrative. |
| 8.14.9 | 1 | mythic | other | Φενεατῶν δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως καταβαίνοντι ἔστι μὲν στάδιον, ἔστι δὲ ἐπὶ λόφου μνῆμα Ἰφικλέους ἀδελφοῦ τε Ἡρακλέους καὶ Ἰολάου πατρός. | As one descends from the acropolis of the Pheneatians, there is a stadium, and upon a hill is the tomb of Iphikles, brother of Heracles and father of Iolaus. | This sentence only gives a route note and locates a stadium and tomb; naming Iphikles is not itself a mythic assertion here. |
| 8.14.9 | 4 | mythic | other | καὶ ἤδη κάμνοντα κομίζουσιν οἱ προσήκοντες ἐς Φενεόν· | When he lay wounded, his relatives carried him to Pheneus. | This is a route/action note about relatives carrying someone to Pheneus; it does not itself assert mythic or historical content. |
| 8.14.9 | 5 | mythic | other | ἐνταῦθα ἀνὴρ Φενεάτης αὐτὸν Βουφάγος καὶ ἡ τοῦ Βουφάγου γυνὴ Πρώμνη περιεῖπόν τε εὖ καὶ ἀποθανόντα ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος ἔθαψαν. | There a man of Pheneus named Bouphagos, along with Bouphagos' wife, Promne, tended him kindly, and when he died from his wound, they buried him. | A burial by named locals is narrated, but the sentence itself does not assert mythic or post-500 BCE historical content. |
| 8.14.10 | 1 | other | historical | Ἰφικλεῖ μὲν δὴ καὶ ἐς τόδε ἔτι ἐναγίζουσιν ὡς ἥρωι, θεῶν δὲ τιμῶσιν Ἑρμῆν Φενεᾶται μάλιστα καὶ ἀγῶνα ἄγουσιν Ἕρμαια, καὶ ναός ἐστιν Ἑρμοῦ σφισι καὶ ἄγαλμα λίθου· τοῦτο ἐποίησεν ἀνὴρ Ἀθηναῖος Εὔχειρ Εὐβουλίδου. | Even now they continue offering sacrifices to Iphikles as to a hero, and among the gods the Pheneatians honor Hermes most especially and celebrate a contest called the Hermaia; there is a temple of Hermes among them, and a stone statue made by an Athenian named Eucheir, son of Euboulides. | The sentence’s final clause identifies a historical agent, an Athenian named Eucheir son of Euboulides, as maker of the statue; the rest is cult/location description. |
| 8.14.10 | 2 | mythic | other | ὄπισθεν δέ ἐστι τοῦ ναοῦ τάφος Μυρτίλου. | Behind this temple is the tomb of Myrtilus. | A bare locational notice that Myrtilus' tomb is behind the temple; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.14.12 | 3 | other | mythic | ἀλλά μοι δοκοῦσιν Εὐβοέων οἱ τὰ ἀρχαῖα μνημονεύοντες εἰκότα εἰρηκέναι, λέγοντες ἀπὸ γυναικὸς Μυρτοῦς τῷ πελάγει γεγονέναι τὸ ὄνομα τῷ Μυρτῴῳ. | Instead, it seems to me that those Euboeans who have preserved ancient traditions speak plausibly in asserting that the name "Myrtoan" was given to the sea from a woman named Myrto. | This sentence gives a naming legend: the Myrtoan Sea was said to be named from a woman Myrto, which is mythic/etiological content. |
| 8.15.3 | 1 | mythic | other | καὶ ἐπίθημα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ περιφερές ἐστιν, ἔχον ἐντὸς Δήμητρος πρόσωπον Κιδαρίας· | Upon it is a circular covering, which contains within it the mask of Demeter called Kidaria. | Purely a physical description of an object and what it contains; it names Demeter but does not assert any mythic or historical event. |
| 8.15.3 | 2 | mythic | other | τοῦτο ὁ ἱερεὺς περιθέμενος τὸ πρόσωπον ἐν τῇ μείζονι καλουμένῃ τελετῇ ῥάβδοις κατὰ λόγον δή τινα τοὺς ὑποχθονίους παίει. | In the greater rite, as it is called, the priest places this mask upon himself and strikes the subterranean deities with rods, according, it seems, to a certain ritual tradition. | This is a ritual procedure description, not narration of a mythic or historical event. |
| 8.15.6 | 1 | mythic | other | τέθαπται δὲ Τελαμὼν ἐγγύτατα τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ Ἀροανίου, ἀπωτέρω μικρὸν ἢ ἔστι τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος, Χαλκώδων δὲ οὐ πόρρω κρήνης καλουμένης Οἰνόης. | Telamon is buried very near the river Aroanius, slightly further away than the sanctuary of Apollo, and Chalkodon lies not far from a spring called Oinoe. | This sentence only gives burial/location information for Telamon and Chalkodon relative to landmarks; it does not narrate an event or assert mythic/historical content. |
| 8.15.9 | 3 | other | mythic | ἐν δὲ τῇ Κράθιδι τῷ ὄρει Πυρωνίας ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος, καὶ τὰ ἔτι ἀρχαιότερα παρὰ τῆς θεοῦ ταύτης ἐπήγοντο Ἀργεῖοι πῦρ ἐς τὰ Λερναῖα. | On Mount Krathis there is also a sanctuary of Artemis Pyronia, and in still earlier times the Argives used to carry fire from this goddess to the Lernaean festival. | The sentence asserts a cult etiology/tradition about Artemis Pyronia and the Argives carrying fire from the goddess to the Lernaean festival; this is mythic/religious narrative, not post-500 BCE history. |
| 8.16.3 | 1 | mythic | other | τὸν δὲ τοῦ Αἰπύτου τάφον σπουδῇ μάλιστα ἐθεασάμην, ὅτι ἐν τοῖς ἐς τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἔπεσιν ἔσχεν Ὅμηρος λόγον τοῦ· Αἰπύτου μνήματος. | I was especially careful to examine the tomb of Aepytus, because Homer makes mention of it in his verses referring to the Arcadians. | A tomb is merely noted as something the speaker examined; the sentence is an authorial comment about Homer’s mention, not a mythic or historical assertion itself. |
| 8.17.6 | 1 | mythic | other | ἐκ Φενεοῦ δὲ ἰόντι ἐπὶ τὴν ἑσπέρας καὶ ἡλίου δυσμῶν ἡ μὲν ἀριστερὰ τῶν ὁδῶν ἐς πόλιν ἄγει Κλείτορα, ἐν δεξιᾷ δὲ ἐπὶ Νώνακριν καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς Στυγός. | From Pheneus, going westward towards the setting of the sun, the road on the left leads to the city of Cleitor, while the one on the right leads to Nonacris and the waters of the Styx. | This is a route/topographic note identifying roads and destinations; it merely names the Styx waters without narrating any mythic event or historical fact. |
| 8.17.6 | 4 | mythic | other | καὶ ὕδωρ κατὰ τοῦ κρημνοῦ στάζει, καλοῦσι δὲ Ἕλληνες αὐτὸ ὕδωρ Στυγός. | Water drips down this cliff, and the Greeks call this water the Styx. | A topographic/locational note naming the water Styx; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.18.2 | 2 | other | historical | μάλιστα δὲ τῆς Στυγὸς τὸ ὄνομα ἐς τὴν ποίησιν ἐπεισηγάγετο Ὅμηρος. | Homer was especially responsible for introducing the name of Styx into poetry, for it is in Hera's oath that he composed: "Now let this be witnessed by Earth and broad Heaven above, and the down-flowing water of Styx." | The sentence asserts a historical-literary fact about Homer introducing Styx into poetry; it is not a mythic narrative. |
| 8.18.2 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐν μέν γε Ἥρας ἐποίησεν ὅρκῳ ἴστω νῦν τόδε γαῖα καὶ οὐρανὸς εὐρὺς ὕπερθεν καὶ τὸ κατειβόμενον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ· Hom. Il. 15.36-37 ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἐποίησεν ὡς ἂν ἰδὼν ἐς τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς Στυγὸς στάζον· βούλεται δὲ καὶ ἐν καταλόγῳ τῶν μετὰ Γουνέως Τιταρησίῳ ποταμῷ ῥεῖν τὸ ὕδωρ ἀπὸ τῆς Στυγός. | Indeed, Homer wrote these lines as if he had seen the dripping water of Styx; and in the Catalogue [of Ships] he also wishes the water of Styx to flow as the river Titaresios, a tributary of the Peneius, near Guneus. | This sentence is an authorial comment on Homer and a textual cross-reference; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.18.4 | 3 | mythic | other | λέγεται δὲ ὅτι γένοιτό ποτε ὄλεθρος ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ αἰξίν, αἳ τοῦ ὕδατος ἔπιον πρῶτον· | It is said that goats were once destroyed by it, having been the first to drink the water. | Aetiological note about goats being destroyed by the water; it reports a causal story but not a mythic deed by a named hero/god or a historical event. |
| 8.18.5 | 1 | mythic | other | ὕαλος μέν γε καὶ κρύσταλλος καὶ μόρρια καὶ ὅσα ἐστὶν ἀνθρώποις ἄλλα λίθου ποιούμενα καὶ τῶν σκευῶν τὰ κεραμεᾶ, τὰ μὲν ὑπὸ τῆς Στυγὸς τοῦ ὕδατος ῥήγνυται· | Glass, rock crystal, porcelain, and whatever else humans fashion from stone, as well as earthenware pottery, are shattered by the water of the Styx. | Physical description of the Styx's effect on materials; no mythic event or historical claim is asserted in this sentence. |
| 8.18.6 | 2 | mythic | other | τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ τὰ μάργαρα ἀπόλλυσθαι πέφυκεν ὑπὸ τοῦ ὄξους, τοῦτο δὲ τὸν ἀδάμαντα λίθων ὄντα ἰσχυρότατον τοῦ τράγου κατατήκει τὸ αἷμα· καὶ δὴ καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ οὐ δύναται τῆς Στυγὸς ὁπλὴν ἵππου βιάσασθαι μόνην, ἀλλὰ ἐμβληθὲν κατέχεταί τε ὑπʼ αὐτῆς καὶ οὐ διεργάζεται τὴν ὁπλήν. | For instance, pearls are naturally destroyed by vinegar, and the adamant, hardest of stones, is dissolved by goat’s blood; likewise, the water of the Styx cannot overpower a horse's hoof alone, but if thrown therein, the hoof remains unharmed and is not dissolved. | This sentence is a physical/legendary property claim about substances and the Styx water, not a narrated mythic deed or historical event. |
| 8.18.8 | 4 | historical | mythic | καὶ ἀπʼ ἐκείνου τὴν Ἄρτεμιν ταύτην Ἡμερασίαν καλοῦσιν οἱ Κλειτόριοι. | From that time the Cleitorians have called this Artemis by the name Hemerasia ("the Gentle"). | This sentence gives a naming legend/etiology for Artemis being called Hemerasia by the Cleitorians. |
| 8.19.3 | 2 | mythic | other | καὶ Ἄλυσσον τοῦδε ἕνεκα ὀνομάζουσι τὴν πηγήν· | This is why they call the spring Alyssos ("Curative against madness"). | Bare naming etiology for the spring; it states why the spring is called Alyssos but does not narrate a mythic deed or historical event. |
| 8.20.2 | 1 | mythic | other | τοῦ λόγου δὲ τοῦ ἐς Δάφνην τὰ μὲν Σύροις τοῖς οἰκοῦσιν ἐπὶ Ὀρόντῃ ποταμῷ παρίημι, λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἄλλα τοιάδε ὑπὸ Ἀρκάδων καὶ Ἠλείων. | Regarding the story about Daphne, I pass over the details given by the Syrians who dwell beside the river Orontes; but there is another version told by the Arcadians and Eleans as follows. | Authorial transition/cross-reference about omitting one version and introducing another; no mythic or historical event is asserted in this sentence itself. |
| 8.20.2 | 4 | mythic | other | παρέστη δέ οἱ τοιόνδε ἐς αὐτὴν σόφισμα. | He devised the following stratagem to approach her. | Describes a stratagem in general terms; no mythic deed, genealogy, or historical event is asserted. |
| 8.22.4 | 4 | mythic | other | γῆς δὲ τῆς Ἀράβων ἡ ἔρημος παρέχεται καὶ ἄλλα θηρία καὶ ὄρνιθας καλουμένας Στυμφαλίδας, λεόντων καὶ παρδάλεων οὐδέν τι ἡμερωτέρας ἀνθρώποις· | Moreover, the Arabian desert also yields other creatures and birds called Stymphalian, which are no less savage towards humans than lions or leopards. | A descriptive natural-history sentence about creatures in the Arabian desert; it only names the Stymphalian birds and does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.22.5 | 3 | mythic | other | ἢν δὲ ἐσθῆτα φλοΐνην παχεῖαν πλέξωνται, τὰ ῥάμφη τῶν Στυμφαλίδων ὑπὸ τῆς ἐσθῆτος ἔχεται τῆς φλοΐνης, καθὰ καὶ πτέρυγες ὀρνίθων τῶν μικρῶν προσέχονται τῷ ἰξῷ. | But if men weave thick garments of bark fibre, the beaks of the Stymphalian birds become caught in the bark clothing, just as the wings of small birds are caught by bird-lime. | A simile about Stymphalian birds being caught in bark clothing; it describes a comparison, not a mythic event or historical fact. |
| 8.22.6 | 1 | mythic | other | εἰ μὲν δὴ καὶ αἱ κατʼ ἐμὲ ὄρνιθες αἱ Ἀράβιοι τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ ποτὲ ὀρνίθων τὸ ὄνομα, εἶδος δὲ οὐ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐκείναις ἔχουσιν, οὐκ οἶδα· εἰ δὲ τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἱέραξι καὶ ἀετοῖς καὶ Στυμφαλίδες εἰσὶν ὄρνιθες, Ἀράβιόν τε εἶναί μοι θρέμμα αἱ ὄρνιθες αὗται φαίνονται, καὶ δύναιτο ἂν πετομένη ποτὲ ἀπόμοιρα ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν ἀφικέσθαι ἐπὶ Στύμφαλον. | Whether the Arabian birds of my own day bear the name of those once in Arcadia, but differ in appearance from them, I cannot say; but if throughout all time the Stymphalian birds have been similar to hawks and eagles, these present-day birds seem to me indeed to be Arabian in origin, and it would have been possible for some of them, flying astray, to reach Arcadia at Stymphalos. | This is a speculative comparison about birds' origin and resemblance, not a mythic narrative or historical event. |
| 8.22.7 | 2 | mythic | other | πρὸς δὲ τοῦ ναοῦ τῷ ὀρόφῳ πεποιημέναι καὶ οἱ Στυμφαλίδες εἰσὶν ὄρνιθες· σαφῶς μὲν οὖν χαλεπὸν ἦν διαγνῶναι πότερον ξύλου ποίημα ἦν ἢ γύψου, τεκμαιρομένοις δὲ ἡμῖν ἐφαίνετο εἶναι ξύλου μᾶλλον ἢ γύψου. | Upon the roof of the temple are fashioned the Stymphalian birds; although it was difficult clearly to discern whether they were constructed of wood or plaster, by inference they appeared to us rather to be of wood than plaster. | This is only a physical description of temple decoration and material; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.22.8 | 1 | historical | other | λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν γενέσθαι θαῦμα τοιόνδε. | And they say that a marvel of the following sort also occurred in our time. | Authorial report that a marvel occurred in their own time; it is a transition to a wonder story, not itself mythic narration or a historical event. |
| 8.22.8 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐσπεσοῦσα οὖν ὕλη κατὰ τοῦ βαράθρου τὸ στόμα, ᾗ κάτεισιν ὁ ποταμός ὅς ἐστιν ὁ Στύμφαλος , ἀνεῖργε μὴ καταδύεσθαι τὸ ὕδωρ, λίμνην τε ὅσον ἐπὶ τετρακοσίους σταδίους τὸ πεδίον σφίσι γενέσθαι λέγουσι. | Thus, wood having fallen into the mouth of the chasm through which the river called Stymphalos descends, prevented the water from flowing down, and it is said that a lake formed covering the plain to an extent of four hundred stades. | This is a physical/topographic explanation of how a lake formed, not a mythic deed or historical event. |
| 8.22.9 | 2 | mythic | other | καὶ οὕτω τὸ βάραθρον τήν τε ἔλαφον καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῇ τὸν ἄνδρα ὑπεδέξατο. | thus, the chasm swallowed both the deer and the man chasing it. | A physical event is described: a chasm swallowed a deer and the man. No mythic or historical assertion is made in this sentence itself. |
| 8.22.9 | 4 | mythic | other | καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι τὴν ἑορτὴν φιλοτιμίᾳ πλέονι ἄγουσι. | Because of this event, the people now celebrate the festival of Artemis with even greater eagerness. | This is a ritual/festival practice statement and causal note, not a narrated mythic deed or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 8.23.1 | 3 | historical | mythic | τούτῳ παρὰ ἔτος Σκιέρεια ἑορτὴν ἄγουσι, καὶ ἐν Διονύσου τῇ ἑορτῇ κατὰ μάντευμα ἐκ Δελφῶν μαστιγοῦνται γυναῖκες, καθὰ καὶ οἱ Σπαρτιατῶν ἔφηβοι παρὰ τῇ Ὀρθίᾳ. | In his honor they hold a yearly festival called Skiereia, and during the festival of Dionysus women are scourged in accordance with an oracle from Delphi, just as the Spartan youths are scourged at the altar of Orthia. | The sentence includes a cult etiological oracle from Delphi and ritual scourging tied to a festival, which counts as mythic/religious narrative; it does not assert post-500 BC historical events or persons. |
| 8.23.7 | 1 | historical | other | φωράσαντες δὲ οἱ Καφυεῖς τὰ ποιηθέντα ὑπὸ τῶν παιδίων καταλεύουσιν αὐτά· | When the Kaphyeans discovered what had been done by the children, they stoned them to death. | Reports an action by the Kaphyeans; no mythic or post-500 BCE historical content asserted in the sentence itself. |
| 8.23.7 | 3 | mythic | other | ἀποθανεῖν γὰρ αὐτὰ οὐ σὺν δίκῃ. | For the children had perished unjustly. | The sentence only states that the children died unjustly; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.23.7 | 4 | other | mythic | Καφυεῖς δὲ ποιοῦσι τά τε ἄλλα ἔτι καὶ νῦν κατʼ ἐκεῖνο τὸ μάντευμα καὶ τὴν ἐν ταῖς Κονδυλέαις θεὸν--- προσεῖναι γὰρ καὶ τόδε ἔτι τῷ χρησμῷ φασι---καλοῦσιν Ἀπαγχομένην ἐξ ἐκείνου. | The Kaphyeans continue even now to fulfill all these requirements according to this oracle and—because the oracle also mentioned this—they still call the goddess in Kondyleai 'the Hanged Woman.' | The sentence reports an oracle and a cult-name etiology for the goddess 'the Hanged Woman,' which is mythic/religious narrative rather than historical. |
| 8.24.7 | 4 | mythic | other | ταύτας οὐκ ἐθέλουσιν ἐκκόπτειν ἱερὰς τοῦ Ἀλκμαίωνος νομίζοντες· | The locals refuse to cut them down, regarding the trees as sacred to Alcmaeon. | Bare cultic status/location of trees as sacred to Alcmaeon; no mythic action or historical event is asserted. |
| 8.24.8 | 2 | mythic | other | ὡς δὲ οἰκοῦντι αὐτῷ παρὰ τοῖς Ἀρκάσιν οὐδὲν ἐγίνετο ἡ νόσος ῥᾴων, κατέφυγεν ἐπὶ τὸ μαντεῖον τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς, καὶ αὐτὸν ἡ Πυθία διδάσκει τὸν Ἐριφύλης ἀλάστορα ἐς ταύτην οἱ μόνην χώραν οὐ συνακολουθήσειν, ἥτις ἐστὶ νεωτάτη καὶ ἡ θάλασσα τοῦ μητρῴου μιάσματος ἀνέφηνεν ὕστερον αὐτήν. | However, since his affliction did not ease at all while he was living among the Arcadians, he sought refuge at the oracle at Delphi. | This sentence only says he sought refuge at Delphi; it is a route/action note and does not itself narrate the oracle's mythic pronouncement. |
| 8.24.9 | 3 | other | mythic | ἐς ἐπιθυμίας δὲ ἀνοήτους πολλοὶ μὲν ἄνδρες, γυναῖκες δὲ ἔτι πλέον ἐξοκέλλουσιν. | It is said that from Acarnan the people living on this mainland acquired their present name, though before him they were known as Curetes. | The sentence gives a naming legend: the people acquired their present name from Acarnan and were formerly called Curetes. |
| 8.24.10 | 4 | mythic | historical | σφᾶς δὲ οἱ Ψωφίδιοι τοῦ στόλου φασὶν οὐ μετασχεῖν, ὅτι αὐτῶν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν οἱ Ἀργείων ἀπηχθάνοντο ἡγεμόνες, κατὰ γένος τε τῷ Ἀλκμαίωνι οἱ πολλοὶ προσήκοντες καὶ τῆς ἐπιστρατείας αὐτῷ κοινωνήσαντες τῆς ἐς Θήβας. | But the people of Psophis claim that their city did not participate in this expedition, alleging that the Argive leaders bore hostility toward their own kings, since the majority were related by birth to Alcmaeon and had assisted him in his campaign against Thebes. | The sentence asserts a historical expedition and political hostility among Argive leaders, including participation in a campaign against Thebes; it is not mythic narration. |
| 8.24.11 | 1 | historical | other | τὰς δὲ Ἐχινάδας νήσους ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀχελῴου μὴ σφᾶς ἤπειρον ἄχρι ἡμῶν ἀπειργάσθαι γέγονε δὴ αἰτία τὸ Αἰτωλῶν ἔθνος, | As for the Echinades islands, it is the people of Aetolia who are responsible for their not having been joined to the mainland by the river Achelous even down to our own time. | Explains a causal claim about the islands' present condition, not a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.24.11 | 2 | historical | other | γεγόνασι δὲ αὐτοί τε ἀνάστατοι καὶ ἡ γῆ σφισι πᾶσα ἠρήμωται· | For the Aetolians have themselves become refugees, and all their land has been abandoned. | Describes the Aetolians' condition and land being deserted; this is a general state report, not mythic narration or a specific historical event. |
| 8.24.12 | 1 | mythic | other | Ψωφιδίοις δὲ καὶ παρὰ τῷ Ἐρυμάνθῳ ναός ἐστιν Ἐρυμάνθου καὶ ἄγαλμα. | The people of Psophis have beside the Erymanthus river a temple and statue of Erymanthus. | Bare notice of a temple and statue located beside the river; it does not itself narrate a mythic story or historical event. |
| 8.25.4 | 3 | mythic | other | καλοῦσι δὲ Ἐρινὺν οἱ Θελπούσιοι τὴν θεόν, ὁμολογεῖ δέ σφισι καὶ Ἀντίμαχος ἐπιστρατείαν Ἀργείων ποιήσας ἐς Θήβας· | The Thelpusians call the goddess Erinys (Fury), and Antimachus agrees with them, having recorded the Argives’ expedition against Thebes. | The sentence mainly reports a local naming and a literary/historical corroboration; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 8.25.4 | 5 | mythic | other | Δήμητρος τόθι φασὶν Ἐρινύος εἶναι ἔδεθλον. | "There, they say, is the seat of Demeter Erinys." | Bare location notice identifying a seat/shrine of Demeter Erinys; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.25.4 | 8 | mythic | other | τῇ θεῷ δὲ Ἐρινὺς γέγονεν ἐπίκλησις· | Yet the goddess received the surname Erinys (Fury). | A naming note only: it states the goddess received the epithet Erinys, without narrating a mythic deed or any historical event. |
| 8.25.7 | 1 | mythic | other | τὸ μὲν δὴ τῆς Ἐρινύος τήν τε κίστην καλουμένην ἔχει καὶ ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ δᾷδα, μέγεθος δὲ εἰκάζομεν ἐννέα εἶναι ποδῶν αὐτήν· | The statue of the Erinys holds what is called a cista, and in her right hand a torch; we estimate the figure to be about nine feet tall. | Purely a physical description of a statue and its attributes; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted. |
| 8.25.8 | 1 | mythic | other | ἐπάγονται δὲ ἐξ Ἰλιάδος ἔπη καὶ ἐκ Θηβαΐδος μαρτύριά σφισιν εἶναι τῷ λόγῳ, | They bring in quotations from the Iliad as well as from the Thebaid as evidence to support their account. | This is an authorial comment about citing poems as evidence, not narration of mythic or historical events. |
| 8.26.3 | 2 | historical | other | τῇ δὲ Ἡραίᾳ ὅροι πρὸς τὴν Ἠλείαν λόγῳ μὲν τῷ Ἀρκάδων ἐστὶν ὁ Ἐρύμανθος, Ἠλεῖοι δὲ τὸν Κοροίβου τάφον φασὶ τὴν χώραν σφίσιν ὁρίζειν. | According to the Arcadians’ account, the boundary separating Heraea from Elis is the river Erymanthus, but the Eleans claim that the tomb of Koroibos marks the border of their territory. | This is a boundary/topographic notice reporting competing accounts of a territorial border; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 8.26.7 | 2 | other | mythic | ἄγουσι δὲ καὶ πανήγυριν ὅτῳ δὴ θεῶν, δοκῶ δὲ σφᾶς ἄγειν τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ· ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ πανηγύρει Μυάγρῳ προθύουσιν, ἐπευχόμενοί τε κατὰ τῶν ἱερείων τῷ ἥρωι καὶ ἐπικαλούμενοι τὸν Μύαγρον· | They hold a festival in honor—I think—of Athena; and during this festival they first sacrifice to Myagros, offering victims and praying to the hero, invoking him under the name Myagros. | The sentence describes a festival rite and sacrifice to the hero Myagros, invoking him by name; this is cultic/mythic content, not post-500 BCE historical narration. |
| 8.26.7 | 3 | mythic | other | καί σφισι ταῦτα δράσασιν οὐδὲν ἔτι ἀνιαρόν εἰσιν αἱ μυῖαι. | After performing these rites, flies no longer trouble them. | Procedural/ritual result statement: after rites, flies no longer trouble them; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted. |
| 8.26.8 | 3 | other | historical | τοῦ Βουφάγου δὲ περὶ τὰς πηγὰς ὅροι πρὸς Μεγαλοπολίτας Ἡραιεῦσίν εἰσιν. | Around the springs of the Buphागुस river are boundary markers between the Megalopolitans and the Heraeans. | States a boundary arrangement between Megalopolitans and Heraeans, which is a historical/political territorial fact. |
| 8.27.4 | 4 | historical | other | ἐκ δὲ τῶν συντελούντων ἐς Ὀρχομενὸν Θεισόα Μεθύδριον Τεῦθις· | Of those who contributed to Orchomenus were Theisoa, Methydrium, and Teuthis. | This is a bare note listing places that contributed to Orchomenus; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 8.27.6 | 1 | historical | other | τὸ παράπαν ἐξεχώρησαν, ὅσοι γε αὐτῶν ἐλείφθησαν καὶ μὴ σφᾶς ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ παραυτίκα διεχρήσαντο οἱ Ἀρκάδες· | Altogether they withdrew, at least those among them who remained and were not immediately destroyed by the fury of the Arcadians. | Pure battle narration about withdrawal and destruction by the Arcadians; no mythic or post-500 BCE historical assertion. |
| 8.27.6 | 2 | historical | other | τοὺς δὲ αὐτῶν ἀνασωθέντας ἀναπλεύσαντας ναυσὶν ἐς τὸν Πόντον συνοίκους ἐδέξαντο μητροπολίτας τʼ ὄντας καὶ ὁμωνύμους οἱ Τραπεζοῦντα ἔχοντες τὴν ἐν τῷ Εὐξείνῳ. | Those who escaped safely and sailed back by ship into the Pontus, the inhabitants of Trapezus on the Euxine received as settlers, since they were both colonists from the same mother-city and shared its name. | Describes a settlement/reception of colonists and a naming relation, but does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 8.27.7 | 2 | mythic | other | μόνη δὲ ἐξ αὐτῶν Παλλάντιον ἔμελλεν ἄρα ἠπιωτέρου πειρᾶσθαι καὶ τότε τοῦ δαίμονος. | Pallantium alone, among these cities, was evidently destined to experience even then a gentler fate from the deity. | States a divine fate/destiny for Pallantium, but as a general outcome rather than narrating a mythic deed or historical event; best treated as other. |
| 8.27.7 | 3 | other | historical | τοῖς δὲ Ἀλιφηρεῦσι παραμεμένηκεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς πόλιν σφᾶς καὶ ἐς τόδε νομίζεσθαι. | The Alipheraeans, however, have continued from the beginning down to this time to retain their city and their distinct identity. | The sentence asserts a continuing historical fact about the Alipheraeans retaining their city and identity from the beginning to the present. |
| 8.27.14 | 1 | historical | both | ἔμελλε δὲ ἄρα οὐχ Ἕλλησιν ὁ Βορέας ἔσεσθαι μόνον τοῖς πᾶσιν ὄφελος, τοῦ Μήδων ναυτικοῦ ταῖς Σηπιάσι προσράξας τὰς πολλάς, ἀλλὰ καὶ Μεγαλοπολίτας ὁ ἄνεμος οὗτος ἐρρύσατο μὴ ἁλῶναι· | Thus it was destined that Boreas would benefit not only all the Greeks by wrecking most of the Persian fleet at Sepias, but this wind also saved the Megalopolitans from capture. | Boreas is a divine/mythic agent, and the sentence also asserts a historical Persian fleet defeat at Sepias and the rescue of the Megalopolitans. |
| 8.27.16 | 2 | historical | other | Μεγαλοπολῖται μὲν δὴ τρόπον ὁποῖον ἀνεσώσαντο τὴν αὑτῶν καὶ ὁποῖα κατελθοῦσιν αὖθις ἐπράχθη σφίσι, δηλώσει τοῦ λόγου μοι τὰ ἐς Φιλοποίμενα· | By what manner the Megalopolitans saved themselves and what fortune befell them upon their return, will be made clear in my narrative concerning Philopoemen. | Authorial cross-reference to a later narrative about Philopoemen; it does not itself assert mythic or historical घटनाएँ. |
| 8.27.17 | 3 | mythic | other | ταύτην καὶ ἐν τῇ Λακωνικῇ Θόρνακα ὀνομάζουσι. | This Thornax gives her name also to Thornax in Laconia. | This is a naming/location note: it says Thornax in Laconia is also called after this place, without narrating a myth or historical event. |
| 8.28.4 | 5 | mythic | other | ὡς δὲ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν οὐκ ἐγίνετο ἐπίφορα ἐξ Αὐλίδος πνεύματα, ἀλλὰ ἄνεμος σφᾶς βίαιος ἐπὶ χρόνον εἶχεν ἐγκλείσας, ἀφίκετο ὁ Τεῦθις Ἀγαμέμνονι ἐς ἀπέχθειαν καὶ ὀπίσω τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ὧν ἦρχεν ἀπάξειν ἔμελλεν. | When favorable winds to Ilium did not arise for the Greeks from Aulis, but a violent wind constrained them and held them back for a considerable time, Teuthis came into dispute with Agamemnon and was on the point of leading back the Arcadians whom he commanded. | This sentence is a narrative transition about winds at Aulis and Teuthis' dispute with Agamemnon, but it does not itself assert a mythic deed or a historical event; it mainly reports circumstances and an intended action. |
| 8.30.6 | 3 | other | historical | ταύτης δὲ ἔχεται τῆς Φιλιππείου μέγεθος ἀποδέουσα ἑτέρα στοά, Μεγαλοπολίταις δὲ αὐτόθι ᾠκοδομημένα ἐστὶ τὰ ἀρχεῖα, ἀριθμὸν οἰκήματα ἕξ· | Next to this Philippeion stands another portico, smaller in size: here the archives of the Megalopolitans were built, consisting of six separate chambers. | Mentions the archives of the Megalopolitans being built, a historical/institutional fact; no mythic narrative. |
| 8.30.10 | 5 | other | historical | ταῦτα μὲν λίθου τοῦ Πεντελησίου Ἀθηναῖοι Κηφισόδοτος καὶ Ξενοφῶν εἰργάσαντο· | These figures, made from Pentelic marble, are the work of the Athenians Cephisodotus and Xenophon. | It identifies the makers of the figures as named Athenians, a historical/dedicatory attribution. |
| 8.31.3 | 4 | mythic | other | ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς εἶναι σφᾶς θεῶν τῶν πρώτων. | There is also an inscription upon them, stating that they belong to the earliest of the gods. | This is only a note about an inscription’s wording and location; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 8.31.4 | 3 | other | historical | Πολυκλείτου μὲν τοῦ Ἀργείου τὸ ἄγαλμα, Διονύσῳ δὲ ἐμφερές· κόθορνοί τε γὰρ τὰ ὑποδήματά ἐστιν αὐτῷ καὶ ἔχει τῇ χειρὶ ἔκπωμα, τῇ δὲ ἑτέρᾳ θύρσον, κάθηται δὲ ἀετὸς ἐπὶ τῷ θύρσῳ· | The statue was made by Polycleitus of Argos, and resembles Dionysus: for it wears buskins, holds a cup in one hand and a thyrsus in the other, and an eagle is perched upon the thyrsus. | The sentence identifies a statue made by Polycleitus of Argos, a historical artist, which is a historical dedication/attribution; the rest is physical description of the statue and Dionysiac resemblance, not myth narration. |
| 8.31.4 | 4 | mythic | other | καίτοι τοῖς γε ἐς Διόνυσον λεγομένοις τοῦτο οὐχ ὁμολογοῦν ἐστι. | Yet this is not consistent with the established traditions related to Dionysus. | Authorial comment comparing a claim with traditions about Dionysus; it does not itself narrate myth or history. |
| 8.31.7 | 2 | mythic | other | καταστήσασθαι δὲ οὗτοι Μεγαλοπολίταις λέγονται πρῶτον τῶν Μεγάλων θεῶν τὴν τελετήν, καὶ τὰ δρώμενα τῶν Ἐλευσῖνί ἐστι μιμήματα. | These men are said to have first established among the Megalopolitans the rites of the Great Goddesses; the ceremonies performed are imitations of those at Eleusis. | This is a ritual-origin note and comparison to Eleusis, not a narrated myth or historical event. |
| 8.32.4 | 1 | other | historical | ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῇ μοίρᾳ ταύτῃ λόφος πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα ἥλιον καὶ Ἀγροτέρας ἐν αὐτῷ ναὸς Ἀρτέμιδος, ἀνάθημα Ἀριστοδήμου καὶ τοῦτο. | In this part there is a hill facing the rising sun, and on it is a temple to Artemis Agrotera, also dedicated by Aristodemus. | The sentence mainly locates a temple and notes its dedication by Aristodemus, a historical agent; the mythic name Artemis is only part of the location/dedication notice. |
| 8.33.1 | 1 | other | historical | εἰ δὲ ἡ Μεγάλη πόλις προθυμίᾳ τε τῇ πάσῃ συνοικισθεῖσα ὑπὸ Ἀρκάδων καὶ ἐπὶ μεγίσταις τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐλπίσιν ἐς αὐτὴν κόσμον τὸν ἅπαντα καὶ εὐδαιμονίαν τὴν ἀρχαίαν ἀφῄρηται καὶ τὰ πολλά ἐστιν αὐτῆς ἐρείπια ἐφʼ ἡμῶν, θαῦμα οὐδὲν ἐποιησάμην, εἰδὼς τὸ δαιμόνιον νεώτερα ἀεί τινα ἐθέλον ἐργάζεσθαι, καὶ ὁμοίως τὰ πάντα τά τε ἐχυρὰ καὶ τὰ ἀσθενῆ καὶ τὰ γινόμενά τε καὶ ὁπόσα ἀπόλλυνται μεταβάλλουσαν τὴν τύχην, καὶ ὅπως ἂν αὐτῇ παριστῆται μετὰ ἰσχυρᾶς ἀνάγκης ἄγουσαν. | But if the Great City, though established by the Arcadians with the utmost enthusiasm and with the greatest hopes among the Greeks for its absolute splendor and ancient prosperity, has been stripped of all its glory and stands mostly in ruins in our time, I am not at all surprised; for I know that the divine power is always inclined to produce new events, and that fortune continually shifts everything alike—both strong and weak, things coming into existence as well as those perishing—and leads them wherever she wills by an irresistible necessity. | The sentence asserts that Megalopolis was founded by the Arcadians and reflects on its ruin in the present; the founding is a historical act, while the rest is authorial comment and general reflection. |
| 8.33.2 | 1 | mythic | both | Μυκῆναι μέν γε, τοῦ πρὸς Ἰλίῳ πολέμου τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἡγησαμένη, καὶ Νῖνος, ἔνθα ἦν Ἀσσυρίοις βασίλεια, καὶ Βοιώτιαι Θῆβαι προστῆναι τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ ποτε ἀξιωθεῖσαι, αἱ μὲν ἠρήμωνται πανώλεθροι, τὸ δὲ ὄνομα τῶν Θηβῶν ἐς ἀκρόπολιν μόνην καὶ οἰκήτορας καταβέβηκεν οὐ πολλούς. | Mycenae, it is true, once led the Greeks in the Trojan War; Nineveh had been the royal capital of the Assyrians; and the Boeotian Thebes was deemed worthy at one time to assume leadership of Greece; yet these cities have fallen into complete ruin, and the name of Thebes itself is now confined merely to the acropolis, inhabited by only a few residents. | The sentence asserts mythic/heroic content about Mycenae leading the Greeks in the Trojan War, and historical content about Nineveh as the Assyrian royal capital and Thebes' former leadership of Greece. |
| 8.33.3 | 1 | historical | other | Βαβυλῶνος δὲ τοῦ μὲν Βήλου τὸ ἱερὸν λείπεται, Βαβυλῶνος δὲ ταύτης, ἥντινα εἶδε πόλεων τῶν τότε μεγίστην ἥλιος, οὐδὲν ἔτι ἦν εἰ μὴ τεῖχος, καθὰ καὶ Τίρυνθος τῆς ἐν τῇ Ἀργολίδι. | Of Babylon, the sanctuary of Bel remains, but of Babylon herself, which the sun saw as the greatest of the cities of that time, nothing remained except its wall, just as is the case with Tiryns in Argolis. | This sentence only notes that Bel's sanctuary remains and compares Babylon's ruins to Tiryns; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.33.3 | 2 | mythic | other | ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἐποίησεν ὁ δαίμων εἶναι τὸ μηδέν· | All these things have been reduced to nothing by divine power. | Authorial comment about divine power reducing things to nothing; no narrated mythic deed or historical event. |
| 8.34.2 | 4 | mythic | other | πεποίηται δὲ Εὐμενίσι καὶ αὐτόθι ἱερὸν. | and here too a sanctuary has been established for the Eumenides. | Bare notice that a sanctuary exists for the Eumenides; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.34.4 | 2 | mythic | other | Ἰκαρίου γὰρ παῖδα εἶναι Περίλαον, γενέσθαι δὲ ὕστερον καὶ θυγατέρας τῷ Ἰκαρίῳ. | for Perilaus was the son of Icarius, and Icarius later also had daughters. | This is a genealogical statement naming Icarius and Perilaus, but it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event; it is just kinship information. |
| 8.35.8 | 2 | mythic | other | σταδίους δὲ ὡς τριάκοντα καταβάντι ἐκ Κρουνῶν τάφος ἐστὶ Καλλιστοῦς, χῶμα γῆς ὑψηλόν, δένδρα ἔχον πολλὰ μὲν τῶν ἀκάρπων, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἥμερα. | About thirty stades descent from Krounoi is the tomb of Callisto, a lofty earthen mound covered with trees, many wild as well as many cultivated. | This is a topographic notice identifying Callisto's tomb and describing its appearance; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.36.5 | 4 | mythic | other | ἔστι δὲ Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Μαχανίτιδος, ὅτι βουλευμάτων ἐστὶν ἡ θεὸς παντοίων καὶ ἐπιτεχνημάτων εὑρέτις. | There is also a sanctuary of Athena surnamed Machanitis ("the Inventive"), because the goddess is considered the originator of all sorts of strategies and ingenious devices. | Bare notice of a sanctuary and an explanatory epithet; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.36.6 | 2 | other | mythic | ἑξῆς δὲ Ὀικλέους τοῦ Ἀμφιαράου πατρὸς μνῆμά ἐστιν, εἴ γε δὴ ἐπέλαβεν αὐτὸν τὸ χρεὼν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ καὶ μὴ τῆς ἐπὶ Λαομέδοντα Ἡρακλεῖ στρατείας μετασχόντα. | Next follows the tomb of Oicles, the father of Amphiaraus—provided that fate indeed overtook him in Arcadia, and that he did not join Heracles in the expedition against Laomedon. | The sentence asserts a mythic genealogical figure, Oicles, and a heroic expedition with Heracles against Laomedon; no post-500 BCE historical content. |
| 8.37.1 | 1 | mythic | other | ἀπὸ δὲ Ἀκακησίου τέσσαρας σταδίους ἀπέχει τὸ ἱερὸν τῆς Δεσποίνης. | The sanctuary of Despoina lies four stades from Akakesion. | Pure route/topographic note giving the sanctuary’s distance from Akakesion; it only locates a sanctuary and does not assert mythic or historical content. |
| 8.37.2 | 2 | other | historical | Νύμφαι δέ εἰσι καὶ Πᾶνες ἐπὶ τῷ τρίτῳ, ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ τετάρτῳ Πολύβιος ὁ Λυκόρτα· | On the third panel there are depicted Nymphs and figures of Pan, and on the fourth is Polybius son of Lycortas. | The sentence identifies Polybius son of Lycortas, a historical person, in a depiction; the Nymphs and Pan are only named as figures, not narrated myth. |
| 8.37.6 | 2 | mythic | both | Δήμητρος δὲ Ἄρτεμιν θυγατέρα εἶναι καὶ οὐ Λητοῦς, ὄντα Αἰγυπτίων τὸν λόγον Αἰσχύλος ἐδίδαξεν Εὐφορίωνος τοὺς Ἕλληνας. | That Artemis is the daughter of Demeter and not of Leto is originally an Egyptian tradition, and it was Aeschylus, son of Euphorion, who taught it to the Greeks. | The sentence asserts a mythic genealogy claim about Artemis being Demeter's daughter, and also a historical literary claim that Aeschylus taught this tradition to the Greeks. |
| 8.37.10 | 3 | mythic | other | ὑπὲρ δὲ τὸ ἄλσος καὶ Ἱππίου Ποσειδῶνος, ἅτε πατρὸς τῆς Δεσποίνης, καὶ θεῶν ἄλλων εἰσὶ βωμοί· | Above the grove there are altars to Poseidon Hippios—as father of Despoina—and to other gods. | A bare locational notice that altars exist above the grove; it names Poseidon and Despoina but does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.38.5 | 4 | other | mythic | ἐλεγεῖον δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν βάθρων ἑνὶ Ἀστυάνακτός φησιν εἶναι τὴν εἰκόνα, τὸν δὲ Ἀστυάνακτα εἶναι γένος τῶν ἀπὸ Ἀρκάδος. | An elegiac inscription on one of these pedestals states that the statue was of Astyanax, and that this Astyanax was descended from the lineage of Arkas. | The sentence asserts a genealogy from Arkas, a mythic figure, which is mythic content; it does not describe a historical event or person. |
| 8.38.6 | 2 | mythic | other | τέμενός ἐστιν ἐν αὐτῷ Λυκαίου Διός, ἔσοδος δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐς αὐτὸ ἀνθρώποις· | There is a sanctuary there dedicated to Zeus Lykaeus, into which no human being is permitted to enter. | Bare notice that a sanctuary exists and is restricted to humans; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted. |
| 8.38.6 | 5 | mythic | other | καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐς τὸ τέμενος θηρίου καταφεύγοντος οὐκ ἐθέλει οἱ συνεσπίπτειν ὁ κυνηγέτης, ἀλλὰ ὑπομένων ἐκτὸς καὶ ὁρῶν τὸ θηρίον οὐδεμίαν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ θεᾶται σκιάν. | For this reason, if an animal flees into the precinct, the hunter does not dare to pursue it there, but standing outside the boundary and watching the animal, he notices that it casts no shadow at all. | Explains a ritual/taboo about a precinct and an animal casting no shadow; this is a cultic/observational note, not a mythic narrative or historical event. |
| 8.38.7 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐπὶ τούτου τοῦ βωμοῦ τῷ Λυκαίῳ Διὶ θύουσιν ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ· | Upon this altar they sacrifice offerings to Zeus Lycaeus in secret. | This is a ritual instruction about secret sacrifice at an altar, not narration of a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.39.4 | 1 | historical | other | Φιγαλέων δὲ τοῖς διαπεφευγόσιν ἔδοξεν ἀφικομένοις ἐς Δελφοὺς ἐρωτᾶν ὑπὲρ καθόδου τὸν θεόν· | The Phigaleians who had survived decided to come to Delphi and ask the god about their return home. | This sentence only reports that the survivors decided to go to Delphi and ask the god about their return; it is a procedural/action statement, not a mythic or historical assertion. |
| 8.39.4 | 2 | other | mythic | καί σφισιν ἡ Πυθία καθʼ αὑτοὺς μὲν πειρωμένοις ἐς Φιγαλίαν κατελθεῖν οὐχ ὁρᾶν ἔφη κάθοδον, εἰ δὲ λογάδας ἑκατὸν ἐξ Ὀρεσθασίου προσλάβοιεν, τοὺς μὲν ἀποθανεῖσθαι παρὰ τὴν μάχην, Φιγαλεῦσι δὲ ἔσεσθαι διʼ αὐτῶν κάθοδον. | The Pythia responded that if they attempted by themselves to return to Phigaleia, she saw no way down for them; but if they should take as allies one hundred chosen men from Oresthasion, some of these men would die in battle, yet through them the Phigaleians would have their path home. | The sentence reports an oracle from the Pythia, a mythic/religious pronouncement within a legendary context; it does not assert post-500 BCE historical events. |
| 8.39.4 | 3 | historical | other | Ὀρεσθάσιοι δὲ ὡς τὴν γενομένην τοῖς Φιγαλεῦσιν ἐπύθοντο μαντείαν, ἄλλος ἔφθανεν ἄλλον σπουδῇ λογάδων τε τῶν ἑκατὸν αὐτὸς ἕκαστος γενέσθαι καὶ ἐξόδου τῆς ἐς Φιγαλίαν μετασχεῖν. | When the Oresthasians heard the oracle delivered to the Phigaleians, each man eagerly strove to be among these hundred chosen warriors, surpassing one another in zeal to participate in the expedition to Phigaleia. | This sentence reports people reacting to an oracle and volunteering for an expedition; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 8.39.5 | 1 | historical | both | παρελθόντες δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων φρουρὰν ἄγουσιν ἐς πάντα ἐπὶ τέλος τὸν χρησμόν· | Having advanced against the Spartan garrison, they carried the oracle to complete fulfillment. | The sentence refers to an oracle's fulfillment in the context of an attack on the Spartan garrison; the oracle is mythic/religious content, while the Spartan garrison is a historical military entity and the action is a historical event. |
| 8.40.4 | 1 | historical | other | τότε οὖν ὁ μὲν τὴν πληγὴν ἀφῆκεν ἐς τοῦ Δαμοξένου τὴν κεφαλήν· ὁ δὲ ἀνασχεῖν τὴν χεῖρα ὁ Δαμόξενος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κρεύγαν, ἀνασχόντος δὲ παίει τοῖς δακτύλοις ὀρθοῖς ὑπὸ τὴν πλευράν, | Then Kreugas delivered his blow upon the head of Damoxenus; but Damoxenus ordered Kreugas to raise his hand, and when he raised it, Damoxenus struck him under the ribs with fingers extended straight. | Describes a combat action between named individuals, but gives no mythic genealogy or post-500 BCE historical assertion in itself. |
| 8.40.5 | 1 | mythic | historical | καὶ ὁ μὲν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτίκα ὁ Κρεύγας ἀφίησιν, οἱ δὲ Ἀργεῖοι τὸν Δαμόξενον ἅτε τὰ συγκείμενα ὑπερβάντα καὶ ἀντὶ μιᾶς κεχρημένον πολλαῖς ἐς τὸν ἀντίπαλον ταῖς πληγαῖς ἐξελαύνουσι, | Immediately Kreugas gave up his life, and the Argives drove out Damoxenus because he had exceeded the agreed terms, striking his opponent with many blows instead of the single one permitted. | Describes a contest outcome and the Argives' expulsion of Damoxenus for violating agreed rules; this is a historical/athletic event, not mythic. |
| 8.41.2 | 5 | mythic | other | μαρτυρεῖ δὲ καὶ Ὅμηρος, ἀπολυμαίνεσθαί τε ἐπὶ λύσει τοῦ λοιμοῦ τοὺς Ἕλληνας καὶ ἐμβάλλειν τὰ λύματα εἰπὼν σφᾶς ἐς θάλασσαν. | Homer, too, bears witness to this usage when he speaks of the Greeks purifying themselves to end the plague and throwing their impurities, which he calls "lymata," into the sea. | Authorial citation of Homer and a ritual practice; it does not itself narrate mythic action or a historical event. |
| 8.41.4 | 2 | mythic | other | ᾗ δὲ συμβάλλουσι τὰ ῥεύματα, ἔστι τῆς Εὐρυνόμης τὸ ἱερόν, ἅγιόν τε ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ ὑπὸ τραχύτητος τοῦ χωρίου δυσπρόσοδον· | At the junction of these streams stands the sanctuary of Eurynome, holy from ancient times and difficult of access due to the ruggedness of the place. | This sentence only locates a sanctuary and describes its ancient holiness and difficult access; it does not narrate a mythic or historical event. |
| 8.42.1 | 1 | mythic | other | τὸ δὲ ἕτερον τῶν ὀρῶν τὸ Ἐλάιον ἀπωτέρω μὲν Φιγαλίας ὅσον τε σταδίοις τριάκοντά ἐστι, Δήμητρος δὲ ἄντρον αὐτόθι ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Μελαίνης. | The other mountain, Elaion, is about thirty stades distant from Phigalia; there is a cave there, sacred to Demeter surnamed Melaine ("the Black"). | This sentence only gives a distance and locates a sacred cave; it does not narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 8.42.2 | 2 | mythic | other | ὡς δὲ ἐφθείρετο μὲν πάντα ὅσα ἡ γῆ τρέφει, τὸ δὲ ἀνθρώπων γένος καὶ ἐς πλέον ἀπώλλυτο ὑπὸ τοῦ λιμοῦ, θεῶν μὲν ἄλλων ἠπίστατο ἄρα οὐδεὶς ἔνθα ἀπεκέκρυπτο ἡ Δημήτηρ, τὸν δὲ Πᾶνα ἐπιέναι μὲν | Meanwhile, everything that grows upon the earth began to wither away, and the race of mankind especially suffered, perishing increasingly from the famine. | This sentence only describes famine and the withering of crops and mankind; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.42.4 | 1 | mythic | other | πεποιῆσθαι δὲ οὕτω σφίσι τὸ ἄγαλμα· καθέζεσθαι μὲν ἐπὶ πέτρᾳ, γυναικὶ δὲ ἐοικέναι τἄλλα πλὴν κεφαλήν· | They say the image was made for them thus: it was seated upon a rock, and in all other respects it resembled a woman except for the head. | Pure physical description of the image’s appearance and pose; no mythic or historical event is asserted. |
| 8.42.5 | 2 | mythic | other | ἀφανισθέντος δὲ τοῦ ἀρχαίου Φιγαλεῖς οὔτε ἄγαλμα ἄλλο ἀπεδίδοσαν τῇ θεῷ καὶ ὁπόσα ἐς ἑορτὰς καὶ θυσίας τὰ πολλὰ δὴ παρῶπτό σφισιν, ἐς ὃ ἡ ἀκαρπία ἐπιλαμβάνει τὴν γῆν· | Yet after the loss of the original image, the Phigalians neither consecrated another statue for the goddess nor continued diligently their customary rites relating to festivals and sacrifices—indeed, they largely neglected these too—until barrenness gripped their land. | This is a procedural/cultic notice about neglecting rites and sacrifices after losing an image, not a narrated myth or historical event. |
| 8.42.7 | 2 | other | historical | τοῦ δὲ Ὀνάτα τούτου Περγαμηνοῖς ἐστιν Ἀπόλλων χαλκοῦς, θαῦμα ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα μεγέθους τε ἕνεκα καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ τέχνῃ. | This same Onatas is the artist of a bronze Apollo at Pergamum, an extraordinary statue, admired particularly for its size and artistic merit. | Mentions a bronze Apollo statue and its artist Onatas; this is a historical dedication/attribution, while the sentence itself is mainly an art-historical notice rather than myth narration. |
| 8.42.10 | 2 | other | historical | υἱὸς μέν με Μίκωνος Ὀνάτας ἐξετέλεσσεν, νάσῳ ἐν Αἰγίνᾳ δώματα ναιετάων. | "Onatas, son of Micon, dwelling in houses on the island of Aegina, completed me." | This sentence identifies the historical sculptor Onatas, son of Micon, as the maker of the object; it is a biographical/historical attribution rather than myth. |
| 8.42.10 | 3 | other | historical | ἡ δὲ ἡλικία τοῦ Ὀνάτα κατὰ τὸν Ἀθηναῖον Ἡγίαν καὶ Ἀγελάδαν συμβαίνει τὸν Ἀργεῖον. | According to the Athenian Hegias, the period of Onatas coincides with that of Ageladas the Argive. | It gives a chronological synchronism for named sculptors Onatas, Hegias, and Ageladas, which is biographical/historical rather than mythic. |
| 8.43.2 | 1 | mythic | other | φασὶ δὴ γενέσθαι καὶ γνώμην καὶ τὰ ἐς πόλεμον ἄριστον τῶν Ἀρκάδων ὄνομα Εὔανδρον. | They say that among the Arcadians there was a man named Evander, who was foremost in intellect and skill for warfare. | This is a bare biographical notice naming an Arcadian man and praising his qualities; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 8.43.6 | 2 | historical | other | ἀπέλιπε δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ βασιλείᾳ παῖδα ὁμώνυμον· | And he too left behind a son of the same name to inherit his throne. | This is a bare genealogical succession note about leaving a same-named son to inherit the throne; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.44.1 | 4 | mythic | other | διαμεμένηκε δὲ καὶ ἐς τόδε Αἱμονιὰς τὸ χωρίον τοῦτο ὀνομάζεσθαι. | Even to this day, this place has kept the name Haemoniae. | This is only a note that the place still bears a name; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 8.44.3 | 1 | historical | other | τοῦ Ἀθηναίου δὲ μάλιστα εἴκοσιν ἀπωτέρω σταδίοις ἐρείπια Ἀσέας ἐστί, καὶ ὁ λόφος ἀκρόπολις τότε οὖσα τείχους σημεῖα ἔχει καὶ ἐς τόδε. | About twenty stades farther from Athenaion lie the ruins of Asea; the hill, formerly its acropolis, still bears traces of its walls to this day. | Pure topographic note describing distance and ruins/wall traces; no mythic or historical event asserted. |
| 8.44.5 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐν δὲ Παλλαντίῳ ναός τε καὶ ἀγάλματα λίθου Πάλλαντος, τὸ δὲ ἕτερόν ἐστιν Εὐάνδρου· καὶ Κόρης τε τῆς Δήμητρος ἱερὸν καὶ οὐ πολὺ ἀπωτέρω Πολυβίου σφίσιν ἀνδριάς ἐστι. | In Pallantium, there is a temple and stone images, one of Pallas and another of Evander; there is also a sanctuary of Kore, the daughter of Demeter, and not far from it a statue of Polybius. | This sentence only locates a temple, sanctuaries, and statues/images; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.44.8 | 1 | mythic | other | εἴχετο ἔτι τῆς μητρὸς καὶ ἐκ τῶν μαστῶν εἷλκεν αὐτῆς γάλα πολὺ καὶ ἄφθονον, καὶ---ἦν γὰρ τοῦ Ἄρεως γνώμῃ τὰ γινόμενα---τούτων ἕνεκα Ἀφνειὸν τὸν θεὸν ὀνομάζουσι· τῷ δὲ παιδίῳ ὄνομα τεθῆναί φασιν Ἀέροπον. | He was still clinging to his mother and drawing abundant milk from her breasts. | The sentence only describes the child clinging to his mother and nursing; it does not itself assert a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.45.1 | 3 | historical | mythic | τῆς δὲ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν πόλεως οἰκιστὴς ἐγένετο Ἄλεος. | Aleus was the founder of the city as it exists in our time. | States a city founder (oikistēs), which is a foundation legend about Aleus. |
| 8.45.2 | 1 | mythic | both | Τεγεάταις δὲ παρὲξ ἢ τὰ Ἀρκάδων κοινά, ἐν οἷς ἔστι μὲν ὁ πρὸς Ἰλίῳ πόλεμος, ἔστι δὲ τὰ Μηδικά τε καὶ ἐν Διπαιεῦσιν ὁ πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους ἀγών, παρὲξ οὖν τῶν καταλελεγμένων ἰδίᾳ Τεγεάταις ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς τοσάδε ἐς δόξαν. | The Tegeans, besides the honours common to all Arcadians—among which are included the Trojan War, the Persian wars, and the battle at Dipaea against the Lacedaemonians—have also privately the following claims to glory: | The sentence explicitly names the Trojan War as a mythic/historical-legendary event and the Persian wars and battle at Dipaea as historical conflicts. |
| 8.45.5 | 3 | other | historical | ἀρχιτέκτονα δὲ ἐπυνθανόμην Σκόπαν αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι τὸν Πάριον, ὃς καὶ ἀγάλματα πολλαχοῦ τῆς ἀρχαίας Ἑλλάδος, τὰ δὲ καὶ περὶ Ἰωνίαν τε καὶ Καρίαν ἐποίησε. | I was informed that the architect was Scopas the Parian, who also made statues in many places throughout ancient Greece, and even some around Ionia and Caria. | This sentence identifies Scopas, a historical sculptor/architect, and reports his works; it does not narrate mythic action. |
| 8.45.7 | 3 | mythic | other | τελευταῖος δέ ἐστιν εἰργασμένος Πειρίθους. | Last depicted is Peirithous. | Only identifies the last depicted figure; it does not assert any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 8.46.1 | 1 | historical | both | τῆς δὲ Ἀθηνᾶς τὸ ἄγαλμα τῆς Ἀλέας τὸ ἀρχαῖον, σὺν δὲ αὐτῇ καὶ ὑὸς τοῦ Καλυδωνίου τοὺς ὀδόντας ἔλαβεν ὁ Ῥωμαίων βασιλεὺς Αὔγουστος, Ἀντώνιον πολέμῳ καὶ τὸ Ἀντωνίου νικήσας συμμαχικόν, ἐν ᾧ καὶ οἱ Ἀρκάδες πλὴν Μαντινέων ἦσαν οἱ ἄλλοι. | The ancient image of Athena Alea, together with the tusks of the Calydonian boar, was taken by Augustus, emperor of the Romans, after defeating Antony and his allied forces in war, among whom were also the Arcadians, with the exception only of the Mantineans. | Mentions the Calydonian boar tusks, a mythic object, and Augustus defeating Antony in war and taking the image, a historical act. |
| 8.46.2 | 3 | historical | both | καὶ ἔτεσιν ὕστερον πολλοῖς Δωριέων ἐς Σικελίαν ἐσοικιζομένων, Ἀντίφημος ὁ Γέλας οἰκιστὴς πόλισμα Σικανῶν Ὀμφάκην πορθήσας μετεκόμισεν ἐς Γέλαν ἄγαλμα ὑπὸ Δαιδάλου πεποιημένον. | Years later, too, when the Dorians settled in Sicily, Antiphemos, the founder of Gela, having destroyed Omphake, a town of the Sikanians, carried off to Gela an image crafted by Daedalus. | The sentence reports a historical settlement context and named founder Antiphemos, but also asserts a mythic/legendary act involving Daedalus and the carrying off of his crafted image. |
| 8.46.3 | 3 | other | historical | Ἀργείοις δὲ τὰ ἐκ Τίρυνθος ἔτι καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ τὸ μὲν παρὰ τῇ Ἥρᾳ ξόανον, τὸ δὲ ἐν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστιν ἀνακείμενον τοῦ Λυκίου· | As for the Argives, even down to my day, the objects taken from Tiryns are still with them: the wooden statue placed beside Hera, and the other object dedicated in the temple of Apollo Lycius. | Reports a historical dedication/possession of objects taken from Tiryns and surviving to Pausanias' day; no mythic narrative is asserted. |
| 8.46.4 | 4 | other | historical | Ῥωμαίοις δὲ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς τὸ ἄγαλμα τῆς Ἀλέας ἐς τὴν ἀγορὰν τὴν ὑπὸ Αὐγούστου ποιηθεῖσαν, ἐς ταύτην ἐστὶν ἰόντι. | As for the Romans, the statue of Athena Alea stands in the marketplace which was constructed by Augustus; one encounters it upon entering this marketplace. | The sentence asserts that the marketplace was constructed by Augustus, a historical act; the statue's location is only a locating note. |
| 8.46.5 | 2 | mythic | other | τοῦ δὲ ὑὸς τῶν ὀδόντων κατεᾶχθαι μὲν τὸν ἕτερόν φασιν οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς θαύμασιν, ὁ δʼ ἔτι ἐξ αὐτῶν λειπόμενος ἀνέκειτο ἐν βασιλέως κήποις ἐν ἱερῷ Διονύσου, τὴν περίμετρον τοῦ μήκους παρεχόμενος ἐς ἥμισυ μάλιστα ὀργυιᾶς. | Of the boar’s tusks, those responsible for the religious treasures say that one has been broken off, while the remaining one was deposited in the gardens of the king, in the sanctuary of Dionysus; it measures approximately half a fathom in circumference along its length. | This sentence only locates and describes the tusk in a sanctuary and gives its size; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 8.47.1 | 1 | other | historical | τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα ἐν Τεγέᾳ τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐκομίσθη μὲν ἐκ δήμου τοῦ Μανθουρέων, | The statue at Tegea in our day was brought there from the township of Manthurea. | States a historical transfer of a statue in Pausanias' own day from Manthurea to Tegea. |
| 8.47.2 | 1 | mythic | both | ἀναθήματα δὲ ἐν τῷ ναῷ τὰ ἀξιολογώτατα, ἔστι μὲν τὸ δέρμα ὑὸς τοῦ Καλυδωνίου, διεσήπετο δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ χρόνου καὶ ἐς ἅπαν ἦν τριχῶν ἤδη ψιλόν· εἰσὶ δὲ αἱ πέδαι κρεμάμεναι, πλὴν ὅσας ἠφάνισεν αὐτῶν ἰός, ἅς γε ἔχοντες Λακεδαιμονίων οἱ αἰχμάλωτοι τὸ πεδίον Τεγεάταις ἔσκαπτον· | The most notable dedications in the temple are the hide of the Calydonian boar, though by this time it had decayed through age and was entirely stripped of hair; there also hang chains, except for those destroyed by rust, which the captive Spartans wore when they dug the plain for the Tegeans. | Mentions the Calydonian boar, a mythic object, and the chains worn by captive Spartans in a specific historical episode. |
| 8.47.2 | 2 | mythic | other | κλίνη τε ἱερὰ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς καὶ Αὔγης εἰκὼν γραφῇ μεμιμημένη Μαρπήσσης τε ἐπίκλησιν Χοίρας, γυναικὸς Τεγεάτιδος, | There is moreover a sacred couch of Athena, a painted portrait of Auge, and a representation of Marpessa, surnamed Choira—a woman from Tegea. | This sentence only lists objects/images present in the sanctuary; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.47.3 | 4 | mythic | other | εἰργασμέναι δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ βωμῷ Ῥέα μὲν καὶ Οἰνόη νύμφη παῖδα ἔτι νήπιον Δία ἔχουσιν, ἑκατέρωθεν δέ εἰσι τέσσαρες ἀριθμόν, | Upon the altar there are sculpted figures of Rhea and the nymph Oinoe holding the infant Zeus, still a child, and on either side of them are four additional figures. | This is a physical description of sculpted figures on an altar; it names Zeus and Rhea but does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.47.6 | 1 | mythic | other | ἐς δὲ τὴν Ἄρτεμιν, τὴν Ἡγεμόνην τὴν αὐτήν, τοιάδε λέγουσιν. | Concerning Artemis, surnamed Hegemone, they relate this story: | Authorial transition introducing a story; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical content. |
| 8.47.6 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐρασθεὶς δὲ Τεγεάτιδος παρθένου καὶ ἐγκρατὴς ὅτῳ δὴ τρόπῳ γενόμενος ἐπιτρέπει τὴν φρουρὰν αὐτῆς Χρονίῳ· | Becoming enamored of a maiden from Tegea and having seized her by some means, he entrusted her guardianship to Chronios. | This is a narrative action about a maiden and guardianship, but it does not itself assert a mythic deed, genealogy, or a historical event. |
| 8.47.6 | 4 | historical | other | καὶ ἡ μέν, πρὶν ἀναχθῆναι παρὰ τὸν τύραννον, ἀποκτίννυσιν ἑαυτὴν ὑπὸ δείματός τε καὶ αἰδοῦς, | Before she could be brought before the tyrant, the maiden, moved by fear and shame, took her own life. | The sentence only reports a maiden's suicide before being brought to the tyrant; it does not itself assert mythic or post-500 BCE historical content. |
| 8.48.1 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ στήλῃ πεποιημένος ἐστὶν Ἰάσιος ἵππου τε ἐχόμενος καὶ κλάδον ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ φέρων φοίνικος· | On another stele is carved Iasius, holding a horse and carrying in his right hand a palm branch; | This is a bare description of a carved figure on a stele; it names Iasius but does not assert any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 8.48.3 | 2 | mythic | other | τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἄρξαι λέγουσιν ἐντεῦθεν· | From this event, they say, originated this practice. | This is an etiological transition ('they say it originated from this event') without narrating the event itself. |
| 8.48.4 | 4 | mythic | both | συνελθόντων δὲ τῶν στρατοπέδων καὶ τολμήματα ἀποδεικνυμένων ἑκατέρωθεν τῶν ἀνδρῶν πολλά τε καὶ ἄξια μνήμης, οὕτω φασὶν ἐπιφανῆναί σφισι τὰς | And when the armies joined battle, with many memorable deeds of valor performed by men on both sides, it is said thus to have become clear to them (the women) the divine manifestation. | The sentence describes a battle with memorable deeds of valor, which is historical in tone, and also says a divine manifestation became clear to them, which is mythic/religious content. |
| 8.48.5 | 1 | mythic | other | γυναῖκας καὶ εἶναι τὰς ἐργασαμένας ταύτας τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τὴν τροπήν, Μάρπησσαν δὲ τὴν Χοίραν ἐπονομαζομένην ὑπερβαλέσθαι τῇ τόλμῃ τὰς ἄλλας γυναῖκας, | It was said that the defeat of the Lacedaemonians was due to women, and among them Marpessa, commonly called Choira, surpassed the other women by her bravery. | This sentence reports a saying about women causing a defeat and praises Marpessa's bravery, but it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 8.48.5 | 4 | historical | other | τὰς γυναῖκας δὲ τῷ Ἄρει θῦσαί τε ἄνευ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἰδίᾳ τὰ ἐπινίκια καὶ τοῦ ἱερείου τῶν κρεῶν οὐ μεταδοῦναι σφᾶς τοῖς ἀνδράσιν. | Meanwhile, the women, independently of the men, offered a victory sacrifice to Ares, refusing to share the sacrificial meat with their husbands. | Procedural ritual action only: women perform a victory sacrifice and do not share meat; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted. |
| 8.48.7 | 1 | mythic | other | τὴν δὲ Εἰλείθυιαν οἱ Τεγεᾶται---καὶ γὰρ ταύτης ἔχουσιν ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ναὸν καὶ ἄγαλμα--- ἐπονομάζουσιν Αὔγην ἐν γόνασι, | The Tegeans call Eileithyia—whose temple and statue also stand in their marketplace—Auge-on-her-knees. | This sentence only says the Tegeans give Eileithyia a local epithet and notes her temple and statue; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 8.48.8 | 2 | other | historical | ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῆς Πολύβιος ὁ Λυκόρτα καὶ ἐπὶ ἑτέρᾳ στήλῃ τῶν παίδων τῶν Ἀρκάδος Ἔλατός ἐστιν εἰργασμένος. | Upon it is represented Polybius, son of Lycortas, and on another stele is carved Elatus, one of the sons of Arcas. | Names a historical person, Polybius son of Lycortas, depicted on a stele; Elatus is only identified as a son of Arcas, but the sentence itself is chiefly a dedication/representation of a historical figure. |
| 8.49.2 | 1 | other | historical | τὰ μὲν δὴ ἐς γένους δόξαν ὁ πατήρ οἱ Κραῦγις Ἀρκάδων ἐλείπετο οὐδενὸς τῶν ἐν Μεγάλῃ πόλει· | As regards noble lineage, Philopoemen's father Kraugis was second to none among the Arcadians at Megalopolis. | This is a biographical claim about Philopoemen's father Kraugis and his noble standing among the Arcadians, which counts as historical/personal lineage rather than myth. |
| 8.49.2 | 3 | other | historical | διδασκάλοις δὲ ὁμιλῆσαι τὸν Φιλοποίμενα καὶ ἄλλοις καὶ Μεγαλοφάνει τε καὶ Ἐκδήλῳ λέγουσι· τοὺς δὲ Ἀρκεσιλάου φασὶν εἶναι Πιταναίου μαθητάς. | It is said that Philopoemen studied under various teachers, among whom were Megalophanes and Ecdelus; these men are said to have been pupils of Arcesilaus of Pitane. | This is a biographical/historical notice about Philopoemen and his teachers, a post-classical historical person; no mythic content. |
| 8.49.3 | 3 | other | historical | ἐπιλέγεσθαι δὲ καὶ βιβλία φασὶν αὐτὸν σοφιστῶν τε τῶν εὐδοκιμούντων παρʼ Ἕλλησι καὶ ὅσα ἐς πολέμων μνήμην καὶ εἰ δή τι ἔχει διδασκαλίαν στρατηγημάτων· | They say he also used to read books of the sophists popular among the Greeks as well as any works dealing with military history and books providing instruction in military tactics. | The sentence refers to books about military history and tactics, which is historical/institutional content; it does not narrate a mythic deed or legend. |
| 8.49.5 | 3 | historical | other | καὶ αὐτὸν λόγου κινδυνεύοντα ἀξίως τῶν τις ἐναντίων διʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἔπειρε τῶν μηρῶν. | Fighting in a manner worthy of renown, he was wounded by one of his opponents, who drove a spear right through both his thighs. | Describes a combat wound in general terms; no mythic or post-500 BCE historical assertion in the sentence itself. |
| 8.50.1 | 1 | historical | other | ἅτε δὲ ἤδη τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἀφορώντων ἐς αὐτὸν καὶ τὰ πάντα ἐκεῖνον ποιουμένων, τοῖς τεταγμένοις αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ πεζῷ μετέβαλε τῶν ὅπλων τὴν σκευήν· | Since the Achaeans by this time were directing their gaze upon him and entrusting every matter into his hands, he altered for their appointed foot-soldiers the character of their arms. | Describes a leader changing the equipment of appointed foot-soldiers; this is a procedural/military action in context, not a mythic or specifically historical assertion in the sentence itself. |
| 8.50.3 | 3 | other | historical | ἀπεῖδεν ἐς τὸν Φιλοποίμενα τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν καὶ ἐπεσημήναντο τῷ κρότῳ φέρειν ἐς ἐκεῖνον τὸ ᾆσμα. | He turned his gaze towards Philopoemen as he sang these very words, and by their applause, the Greek audience directed the performance towards him. | The sentence names Philopoemen and describes a public reaction to a performance directed toward him, which is a historical-person reference rather than mythic narrative. |
| 8.50.4 | 2 | historical | other | ἁμαρτὼν δὲ ἀνὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐμισήθη πᾶσαν. | But having failed in the attempt, he was thereafter hated throughout the whole of Greece. | States only that he failed and was hated throughout Greece; no mythic narrative or post-500 BCE historical event is asserted. |
| 8.51.5 | 1 | historical | other | ἔμελλε δʼ ἄρα ὑπεροψίας δίκη περιήξειν καὶ Φιλοποίμενα. | Yet it seemed justice for his arrogance was destined also to overtake Philopoemen. | This is a moralizing statement about justice overtaking Philopoemen, not a mythic narrative or a historical event. |
| 8.52.1 | 1 | historical | other | καὶ ἤδη τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο ἐς ἀνδρῶν ἀγαθῶν φορὰν ἔληξεν ἡ Ἑλλάς. | After this time Greece ceased to produce successive generations of truly noble men. | A general evaluative remark about Greece's decline in producing noble men; it does not assert a specific mythic deed or a datable historical event. |
| 8.52.5 | 3 | historical | other | τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἄρατον ἐδήλωσε δή μοι τοῦ λόγου τὰ ἐς Σικυωνίους. | Regarding Aratus, my account of the Sicyonians has already made clear his achievements. | Authorial cross-reference to earlier discussion of Aratus; it does not itself assert mythic or historical content. |
| 8.52.6 | 1 | historical | other | τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμά ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῷ Φιλοποίμενι τὸ ἐν Τεγέᾳ· | The following is the inscription for Philopoemen at Tegea: | This is only an authorial introduction identifying an inscription at Tegea; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical content. |
| 8.53.8 | 1 | other | historical | Χειρίσοφος δὲ ἐποίησε, Κρὴς μὲν γένος, ἡλικίαν δὲ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν διδάξαντα οὐκ ἴσμεν· | Cheirisophos was the artist, a Cretan by birth, although we do not know either his period or the identity of his teacher. | This sentence identifies Cheirisophos as the artist and gives biographical information about him; that is historical/biographical content, not mythic narration. |
| 8.54.4 | 4 | mythic | other | διαβάντι δὲ τὸν Γαράτην καὶ προελθόντι σταδίους δέκα Πανός ἐστιν ἱερὸν καὶ πρὸς αὐτῷ δρῦς, ἱερὰ καὶ αὕτη τοῦ Πανός. | after crossing the Garates and proceeding forward ten stadia, there is a sanctuary of Pan, and next to it an oak-tree, itself likewise sacred to Pan. | This is a route/location notice identifying a sanctuary and sacred oak of Pan; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |