Sentences where the two classifiers disagree
| Passage | Sentence | Original | Greta-inspired | Greek | English | Greta-inspired rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.1.3 | 2 | mythic | both | πολέμου γὰρ τοῦ πρὸς Ἰλίῳ μετεσχήκασι, καὶ Θεσσαλῶν ἐναντία ἐπολέμησαν πρότερον ἔτι ἢ ἐλάσαι τὸν Μῆδον ἐπὶ Ἕλληνας, ὅτε δὴ καὶ ἐπεδείξαντο οἱ Φωκεῖς ἔργα ἐς μνήμην. | They took part in the war against Ilium and also fought against the Thessalians even before the invasion of Greece by the Mede, displaying on this occasion exploits worthy of remembrance. | Mentions the war against Ilium (mythic) and a pre-Mede conflict against the Thessalians, which is presented as historical. |
| 10.1.3 | 4 | historical | other | οἱ δέ, ἅτε οὐ προπεπυσμένοι τῶν Φωκέων τὴν τέχνην, ἐπελάσαντες τοὺς ἵππους λανθάνουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς ὑδρίας. | The Thessalians, unaware of this device of the Phokians due to no prior warning, drove their horses unwittingly onto these hidden jars. | This is a tactical narrative about the Thessalians being deceived by hidden jars; it does not assert mythic or post-500 BCE historical content. |
| 10.1.3 | 5 | mythic | other | ἐνταῦθα ἀπεχωλοῦντο μὲν οἱ ἵπποι τῶν ποδῶν ἐσπιπτόντων σφίσιν ἐς τὰς ὑδρίας, ἐκτείνοντο δὲ καὶ ἀπέπιπτον οἱ ἄνδρες ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππων. | Thereupon, as the horses' feet plunged into the jars, the animals became lame, and their riders fell off and were thrown down from their mounts. | Purely descriptive physical घटना: horses stumble and riders fall; no mythic or historical assertion. |
| 10.1.9 | 1 | historical | other | ὡς δὲ ἐς χεῖρας συνῄεσαν, ἐνταῦθα τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν ἐγίνετο ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς τὰ ἐς τὰς γυναῖκας καὶ ἐς τὰ τέκνα δόξαντα, τήν τε σωτηρίαν οὐκ ἐν βεβαίῳ σφίσιν ἑώρων σαλεύουσαν καὶ τούτων ἕνεκα ἐς παντοῖα ἀφικνοῦντο τολμήματα· | But when they came to close combat, the Phokians had vividly before their eyes what they anticipated would befall their women and children, and perceiving that their own safety stood uncertain and wavering, for these reasons resorted to all manner of daring acts; | This is a battle narrative describing the Phokians' immediate perceptions and resolve; it does not assert mythic material or a post-500 BCE historical event in itself. |
| 10.1.11 | 1 | historical | other | εὑρέθη δὲ καὶ ὕστερον τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν οὐκ ἀποδέον σοφίᾳ τῶν προτέρων. | Later the Phokians devised a stratagem no less ingenious than their forebears. | This is a general remark about the Phokians' cleverness, not a mythic story or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 10.1.11 | 3 | historical | other | ἐνταῦθα ἐξεργασθῆναι φόνον τῶν Θεσσαλῶν λέγεται πλεῖστον, θειότερόν τι ἡγουμένων ἢ κατὰ ἔφοδον πολεμίων τὸ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ συμβαῖνον. | It is said that the Thessalians suffered a very great slaughter, for they imagined that what befell them in the darkness was due rather to some divine visitation than to a human attack by enemies. | Reports a battle slaughter and the Thessalians' interpretation of it, but the sentence itself does not assert a mythic deed or a historical event beyond a generic attack. |
| 10.2.2 | 5 | historical | other | Θηβαίων δὲ καὶ εἴ τις ἄλλος κατασταίη σφίσιν ἐς πόλεμον, περιέσεσθαι καὶ ἀρετῇ σφᾶς καὶ δαπάνῃ χρημάτων. | Even if the Thebans or any others chose war against them, they would prevail through their own courage and financial resources. | A general statement about prevailing in war through courage and money; no mythic narrative or specific historical event/agent is asserted. |
| 10.2.6 | 6 | other | mythic | αὐτίκα δὲ ὑπολαβοῦσα αὐτὸν φθοώδης νόσος ἐπετέλει τοῦ ἐνυπνίου τὴν μαντείαν. | Immediately afterwards an ulcerative disease took hold of him, fulfilling thereby the prophecy of his dream. | The sentence reports a disease fulfilling the prophecy of a dream, i.e. an oracle-like dream omen within a mythic narrative; no post-500 BCE historical event is asserted. |
| 10.4.1 | 4 | other | historical | ὅμως δὲ ὅροι γε τῆς χώρας εἰσὶν αὐτοῖς ἐς τοὺς ὁμόρους, καὶ ἐς τὸν σύλλογον συνέδρους καὶ οὗτοι πέμπουσι τὸν Φωκικόν. | Nevertheless, they have established territory borders with their neighbors, and even these people send representatives to the assembly of the Phocian confederacy. | The sentence describes territorial borders and representation in the Phocian confederacy, an institutional/political arrangement, not myth. |
| 10.4.2 | 3 | historical | other | τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἐφαίνετο ἡμῖν ἔχειν αἰτίαν, φόβῳ τῶν Βοιωτῶν ---κατὰ γὰρ τοῦτό ἐστιν ἐκ τῆς Βοιωτίας ἡ ἐς τὴν Φωκίδα ἐσβολὴ ῥᾴστη---ἐνταῦθα οἰκεῖν τὸν βασιλέα ἅτε φρουρίῳ τῷ Πανοπεῖ χρώμενον· | This fact indeed seemed reasonable to us, as the king would have resided in Panopeus and used it as a fortress, out of fear of the Boeotians—for at this very spot the easiest route from Boeotia into Phocis lies. | This is a topographic/historical explanation of a route and a king's residence used as a fortress, but it does not itself narrate a dated historical event or a mythic story. |
| 10.4.4 | 2 | mythic | other | ὃν Ἀσκληπιόν, οἱ δὲ Προμηθέα εἶναί φασι· | Some say it represents Asclepius, others Prometheus. | The sentence only reports differing identifications of a representation; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 10.4.4 | 3 | mythic | other | καὶ παρέχονταί γε τοῦ λόγου μαρτύρια. | Those who claim Prometheus bring forward evidence to support their story. | This is a meta-comment about evidence for a story, not a narration of mythic or historical events. |
| 10.4.5 | 1 | mythic | other | ἐνταῦθα ἐπὶ τῇ χαράδρᾳ καὶ Τιτυοῦ μνῆμά ἐστι· | Here by the gorge is also the tomb of Tityos. | Bare location notice that Tityos' tomb exists here; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.4.5 | 4 | mythic | other | οὐκ ἐπὶ μεγέθει πεποιῆσθαι τοῦ Τιτυοῦ φασιν, ἀλλʼ ἔνθα ὁ Τιτυὸς ἐτέθη, Πλέθρα ἐννέα ὄνομα εἶναι τῷ χωρίῳ. | They say, however, that the reference is not intended to describe Tityos' actual size, but rather that the place where Tityos was buried is called "Nine Plethra." | This is an authorial clarification about a place-name and burial location, not a mythic deed or historical event. |
| 10.4.6 | 4 | mythic | other | τοῦτον πλέθρα μὲν πέντε μάλιστα ἐπέχειν, κεραυνωθέντα δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καίεσθαι. | this being measured about five plethra in length, and had been struck by a thunderbolt of the god and was ablaze. | This is a physical description of the object’s size and condition; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.4.7 | 5 | other | mythic | ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὲ καὶ Αἰσχύλον τὰ Γλαύκου τοῦ Ἀνθηδονίου γένεια ὑπήνην ὠνομακέναι δαῦλον. | It was on this account that Aeschylus also described the beard of Glaucus from Anthedon as "daulon," meaning thickly wooded. | The sentence cites Aeschylus and a literary naming explanation for Glaucus, a mythic figure; it is not a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 10.4.10 | 2 | mythic | other | ἐνταῦθα ἡρῷον ἥρω Ἀρχηγέτου πεποίηται· | Here a hero-shrine has been made for the hero Archegetes. | Bare notice that a hero-shrine exists and is located here; no mythic deed or historical event is asserted. |
| 10.5.2 | 4 | mythic | other | τὸ μὲν ἐν θρόνῳ τοῦ Διός, ἑκατέρωθεν δὲ ἡ μὲν κατὰ δεξιά, ἡ δὲ κατὰ ἀριστερὰ παρεστῶσα ἡ Ἀθηνᾶ πεποίηται. | The image of Zeus is seated on a throne, and standing beside him on either side are Hera on the right hand and Athena on the left. | Purely a physical description of a cult image and its arrangement; it does not narrate myth or history. |
| 10.5.4 | 2 | mythic | other | καὶ τὰ τοῦ Λαΐου μνήματα καὶ οἰκέτου τοῦ ἑπομένου ταὐτὰ ἔτι ἐν μεσαιτάτῳ τῆς τριόδου ἐστὶ καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ λίθοι λογάδες σεσωρευμένοι· | Still standing at the crossroads are the tombs of Laius and of the servant who accompanied him, and a heap of piled-up stones lies upon the spot. | Bare location notice describing tombs and stones at a crossroads; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.5.6 | 7 | mythic | other | Ποσειδῶνι δὲ ἀντὶ τοῦ μαντείου Καλαύρειαν ἀντιδοῦναί φασιν αὐτὸν τὴν πρὸ Τροιζῆνος. | "And straightway the voice of Chthonia spoke an insightful word, And Pyrcon, attendant to glorious Earth-shaking Poseidon..." | A location/exchange note: Poseidon is named, but the sentence only says the land was given in exchange for an oracle, without narrating a mythic deed or historical event. |
| 10.5.8 | 5 | mythic | other | οὐ μέντοι τά γε ἥκοντα ἐς μνήμην ἐς ἄλλον τινά, ἐς δὲ γυναικῶν μαντείαν ἀνήκει μόνων. | Indeed, these traditions have not come down to the memory of any other, but are preserved solely through the prophecies of women. | This is a meta-comment about traditions being preserved through women’s prophecies, not a mythic or historical event itself. |
| 10.5.10 | 1 | other | mythic | λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἕτερος λόγος, ὡς τὸν ναὸν κατεσκευάσατο ἀνὴρ Δελφός, ὄνομα δὲ αὐτῷ Πτερᾶν εἶναι· κατὰ τοῦτο οὖν γενέσθαι καὶ τῷ ναῷ τοὔνομα ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκοδομήσαντος· ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ τοῦ Πτερᾶ καὶ πόλιν Κρητικὴν προσθήκῃ γράμματος Ἀπτερεούς φασιν ὀνομάζεσθαι. | There is another story told that the temple was built by a man from Delphi named Pteras; accordingly, the temple is said to have derived its name from its builder. They say furthermore that from this Pteras, with the addition of a letter, the Cretan city also acquired its name of Aptera. | The sentence gives an aetiological naming story about the temple and city deriving their names from Pteras; this is mythic/legendary content, not post-500 BCE history. |
| 10.5.12 | 1 | mythic | other | τὰ μέντοι ἄλλα με οὐκ ἔπειθεν ὁ λόγος ἢ Ἡφαίστου τὸν ναὸν τέχνην εἶναι ἢ τὰ ἐς τὰς ᾠδοὺς τὰς χρυσᾶς, ἃ δὴ Πίνδαρος ᾖσεν ἐπʼ ἐκείνῳ τῷ ναῷ· | However, the story did not convince me concerning either the temple being a work of Hephaestus' skill, or about the golden singing-birds, on account of which Pindar composed verses addressing this temple, saying: | This is an authorial skeptical comment about a reported story and a reference to Pindar's verses; it does not itself assert a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.5.12 | 2 | mythic | other | χρύσειαι δʼ ἐξύπερθʼ αἰετοῦ ἄειδον Κηληδόνες. | "And golden swallows sang above the eagle." | A descriptive image of golden swallows singing above an eagle; no mythic narrative or historical assertion. |
| 10.6.6 | 3 | mythic | other | ὡς δὲ ἐπεστράτευε καὶ δεύτερον, ἐνταῦθα οἱ Δελφοὶ τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα ἱκέτευον ἀμῦναί σφισι τὸν ἐπιόντα κίνδυνον· | When he launched a second raid, at this point the Delphians entreated Apollo to ward off the approaching danger. | This is a procedural narrative of the Delphians praying to Apollo, not a mythic story or historical event in itself. |
| 10.6.7 | 1 | mythic | other | καὶ ἡ Φημονόη πρόμαντις τηνικαῦτα οὖσα ἐν ἑξαμέτρῳ σφίσιν ἔχρησεν· | And Phemonoe, who was then the prophetess, spoke to them in hexameter verse: | This is a narrative action by Phemonoe speaking as prophetess, but it does not itself assert a mythic deed or a historical event; it is a procedural/scene-setting sentence. |
| 10.6.7 | 4 | mythic | other | τὸ δὲ κλέος οὔ ποτʼ ὀλεῖται. | Yet his fame shall never perish." | A general statement about fame enduring; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 10.7.1 | 1 | historical | other | ἔοικε δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τὸ ἱερὸν τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων ἐπιβεβουλεῦσθαι πλείστων ἤδη. | From the very beginning, it seems, the sanctuary at Delphi has been the target of numerous human attacks. | This is a general statement about the sanctuary at Delphi being attacked, not a mythic episode or a specific historical event. |
| 10.7.1 | 2 | historical | both | οὗτός τε ὁ Εὐβοεὺς λῃστὴς καὶ ἔτεσιν ὕστερον τὸ ἔθνος τὸ Φλεγυῶν, ἔτι δὲ Πύρρος ὁ Ἀχιλλέως ἐπεχείρησεν αὐτῷ, καὶ δυνάμεως μοῖρα τῆς Ξέρξου, καὶ οἱ χρόνον τε ἐπὶ πλεῖστον καὶ μάλιστα τοῦ θεοῦ τοῖς χρήμασιν ἐπελθόντες οἱ ἐν Φωκεῦσι δυνάσται, καὶ ἡ Γαλατῶν στρατιά. | This Euboean pirate was among them; afterward the tribe of the Phlegyae, and later Pyrrhus, son of Achilles, attempted it as well, along with a portion of Xerxes’ force, the Phocian leaders—who for the longest time and to the greatest degree assailed the god’s property—and the Galatian army. | The sentence lists multiple attackers of the god’s property, including mythic figures (Pyrrhus son of Achilles, Xerxes’ force in a legendary-historical frame) and clearly historical groups/leaders (Xerxes, Phocian leaders, Galatian army). |
| 10.8.4 | 2 | other | historical | ἐκ Νικοπόλεως μὲν καὶ Μακεδονίας τε καὶ Θεσσαλῶν, ἀπὸ ἑκάστων ἀριθμῷ ἦσαν ἕξ, ἐκ δὲ Βοιωτῶν---Θεσσαλίαν γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι τὰ ἀρχαιότερα ᾤκησαν καὶ Αἰολεῖς τηνικαῦτα ἐκαλοῦντο---καὶ ἐκ Φωκέων τε καὶ Δελφῶν, παρὰ τούτων δύο ἑκάστων· | From Nicopolis and from Macedonia and from Thessaly, six representatives each; from the Boeotians—since these people too, in very ancient times, once inhabited Thessaly and were then known as Aeolians—and also from the Phokians and from the Delphians, two representatives each; | The sentence lists representatives from various peoples and gives an explanatory historical ethnographic note about the Boeotians' earlier Thessalian residence and former name. |
| 10.8.5 | 2 | other | historical | Πελοποννησίων δὲ ἐξ Ἄργους καὶ Σικυῶνος καὶ Κορίνθου σὺν Μεγαρεῦσίν ἐστιν εἷς καὶ εἷς Ἀθηναῖος. | Of the Peloponnesians, Argos, Sicyon, and Corinth, together with Megara, send one representative among them, and Athens sends one separately. | Describes a political/institutional arrangement of representatives among cities, which is historical content. |
| 10.8.6 | 4 | other | historical | τῶν δὲ ἀγαλμάτων τὸ ἐν τῷ προνάῳ Μασσαλιωτῶν ἀνάθημά ἐστι, μεγέθει τοῦ ἔνδον ἀγάλματος μεῖζον. | Of its statues, the one standing in the fore-temple is an offering made by the Massaliotes, larger in size than the statue inside. | It identifies a dedicatory offering by the Massaliotes, a historical agent; no mythic narrative is asserted. |
| 10.8.7 | 2 | mythic | other | πρὸς δὲ τῷ ἱερῷ τῆς Προνοίας Φυλάκου τέμενός ἐστιν ἥρωος· | Near the sanctuary of Pronoia there is an enclosure sacred to the hero Phylacus. | This sentence only locates an enclosure sacred to Phylacus; it does not narrate any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 10.8.9 | 2 | other | mythic | δοῦναι δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τῇ πηγῇ γυναῖκα λέγουσιν ἐπιχωρίαν, οἱ δὲ ἄνδρα Καστάλιον· | They say the spring was named from a local woman, though others say it was named after a man, Castalius. | A naming legend is being reported: the spring was said to be named from a woman or from Castalius. |
| 10.8.9 | 4 | mythic | other | λέγει γὰρ δὴ περὶ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους· | For he says thus concerning Heracles: | This is only a transition introducing what someone says about Heracles; it does not itself assert any mythic or historical content. |
| 10.9.2 | 5 | other | historical | τούτου ἐστὶν ἀνδριὰς ἐν Δελφοῖς. | This man has a statue set up in his honor at Delphi. | A statue set up in a person's honor is a historical dedication/commemoration. |
| 10.9.3 | 1 | other | historical | χαλκοῦς ταῦρος τέχνη μὲν Θεοπρόπου ἐστὶν Αἰγινήτου, Κορκυραίων δὲ ἀνάθημα. | There is a bronze bull, a work by Theopropos of Aegina, dedicated by the people of Corcyra. | A dedicatory notice naming the historical dedicators, the people of Corcyra, and the maker of the bronze bull. |
| 10.9.3 | 2 | mythic | other | λέγεται δὲ ὡς ταῦρος ἐν τῇ Κορκύρᾳ καταλιπὼν τὰς ἄλλας βοῦς καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς νομῆς κατερχόμενος ἐμυκᾶτο ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ· | It is said that once, on Corcyra, a certain bull left the rest of the herd and, descending from its pasture, began to bellow toward the sea. | A bare anecdotal animal description with no mythic deed, genealogy, or historical event. |
| 10.9.4 | 1 | historical | other | καὶ ὁ μὲν δῆλα τοῖς ἐν τῇ πόλει Κορκυραίοις ἐποίησεν· | And he thus made his power clear to the inhabitants of the city of Corcyra. | A general statement about someone making his power clear to the Corcyraeans; no mythic or post-500 BCE historical event is asserted in the sentence itself. |
| 10.9.5 | 1 | historical | both | ἐφεξῆς δὲ Τεγεατῶν ἀναθήματα ἀπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων Ἀπόλλων ἐστὶ καὶ Νίκη καὶ οἱ ἐπιχώριοι τῶν ἡρώων, Καλλιστώ τε ἡ Λυκάονος καὶ Ἀρκὰς ὁ ἐπώνυμος τῆς γῆς καὶ οἱ τοῦ Ἀρκάδος παῖδες Ἔλατος καὶ Ἀφείδας καὶ Ἀζάν, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖς Τρίφυλος· | Next in order are dedications of the Tegeans from their victories over the Lacedaemonians: statues of Apollo, Nike, and local heroes—Callisto, daughter of Lycaon, Arcas, from whom the land took its name, and the sons of Arcas, Elatus, Apheidas, and Azan; above these is Triphylus. | The sentence explicitly mentions Tegean dedications from victories over the Lacedaemonians (historical) and identifies mythic heroes and genealogical figures such as Callisto, Arcas, and his sons (mythic). |
| 10.9.5 | 3 | mythic | other | ἀνάκειται δὲ καὶ Ἔρασος Τριφύλου παῖς. | Also represented there is Erasus, son of Triphylus. | This is only a notice that a representation of Erasus, son of Triphylus, is present; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.9.6 | 1 | other | mythic | οἱ δὲ εἰργασμένοι τὰ ἀγάλματα Παυσανίας ἐστὶν Ἀπολλωνιάτης, οὗτος μὲν τόν τε Ἀπόλλωνα καὶ Καλλιστώ, τὴν δὲ Νίκην καὶ τοῦ Ἀρκάδος τὴν εἰκόνα ὁ Σικυώνιος Δαίδαλος · Ἀντιφάνης δὲ Ἀργεῖος καὶ Σαμόλας Ἀρκάς, οὗτος μὲν τὸν Τρίφυλον καὶ Ἀζᾶνα, Ἔλατον δὲ καὶ Ἀφείδαντά τε καὶ Ἔρασον ὁ Ἀργεῖος. | The sculptors who made the statues were Pausanias of Apollonia, who created Apollo and Callisto, and Daedalus of Sicyon, who fashioned the Victory and the likeness of Arkas; Antiphanes of Argos and Samolas the Arcadian also worked on statues, Samolas creating Triphylos and Azan, Antiphanes the Argive fashioning Elatus, Apheidas, and Erasus. | The sentence identifies sculptors and attributes statues of Apollo, Callisto, Victory, Arkas, and other figures to them; this is mainly an attribution list, but it includes mythic figures and mythic subjects rather than historical events. |
| 10.9.8 | 1 | other | historical | τοῦτον μὲν δὴ τὸν Ἕρμωνα Θεόκοσμος ποιήσειν ἔμελλεν ὁ Μεγαρεὺς ἅτε ὑπὸ τῶν Μεγαρέων ἐγγραφέντα ἐς τὴν πολιτείαν· | This Hermon was destined to be made by Theokosmos of Megara, since Hermon had been enrolled as a citizen by the Megarians. | Mentions Hermon being enrolled as a citizen by the Megarians, a historical/political act; no mythic narrative. |
| 10.9.10 | 1 | other | historical | τούτους μὲν δὴ ἐποίησε Τίσανδρος, τοὺς δὲ ἐφεξῆς Ἄλυπος Σικυώνιος. | Tisander made these statues; those next in order were made by Alypos of Sicyon. | The sentence identifies statue makers Tisander and Alypos and attributes the works to them, which is a historical/dedication-style attribution. |
| 10.9.10 | 2 | other | historical | Θεόπομπον Μύνδιον καὶ Κλεομήδην Σάμιον καὶ ἐξ Εὐβοίας Ἀριστοκλέα τε Καρύστιον καὶ Αὐτόνομον Ἐρετριέα καὶ Ἀριστόφαντον Κορίνθιον καὶ Ἀπολλόδωρον Τροιζήνιον καὶ ἐξ Ἐπιδαύρου Δίωνα τῆς ἐν τῇ Ἀργολίδι. | They represent Theopompus of Myndus, Kleomedes of Samos, Aristocles of Carystus in Euboea, Autonomus from Eretria, Aristophantus of Corinth, Apollodorus of Troezen, and Dion of Epidaurus in Argolis. | The sentence identifies represented individuals by name and origin, which is biographical/historical content rather than mythic narrative. |
| 10.9.10 | 4 | other | historical | ἐκ δὲ Ἀμβρακίας καὶ Κορίνθου τε καὶ Λευκάδος Τηλυκράτης καὶ Πυθόδοτος Κορίνθιος καὶ Ἀμβρακιώτης Εὐαντίδας. | From Ambracia, Corinth, and Leucas there are the statues of Telycrates, Pythodotus, a Corinthian, and Euantidas, an Ambracian. | It names statues of identifiable historical individuals from specific cities; this is a dedication/biographical reference, not mythic narrative. |
| 10.9.11 | 4 | historical | mythic | καὶ τότʼ Ἀθηναίοισι βαρύστονα κήδεα θήσει Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης, οὗπερ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον, νηυσὶ φερεπτολέμοισι μάχην καὶ δηιοτῆτα ὀλλυμέναις δολεροῖσι τρόποις, κακότητι νομήων. | "And then shall loud-thundering Zeus, whose power is supreme, lay grievous sorrows upon the Athenians, bringing battle and devastation against their warships doomed to destruction, through treacherous schemes and the wickedness of their leaders." | The sentence predicts Zeus inflicting sorrows on the Athenians; this is divine action and mythic prophecy, not a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 10.9.12 | 2 | historical | both | τὸν δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς καλουμένης Θυρέας Λακεδαιμονίων ἀγῶνα καὶ Ἀργείων, Σίβυλλα μὲν καὶ τοῦτον προεθέσπισεν ὡς συμβήσοιτο ἐξ ἴσου ταῖς πόλεσιν, Ἀργεῖοι δὲ ἀξιοῦντες ἐσχηκέναι πλέον ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ χαλκοῦν ἵππον---τὸν δούρειον δῆθεν---ἀπέστειλαν ἐς Δελφούς· | As for the contest between the Lacedaemonians and the Argives over the place called Thyrea, the Sibyl had also prophesied beforehand that it would come about as an equal contest between the two cities; but the Argives, believing they had achieved more in the battle, sent to Delphi a bronze horse—allegedly the Wooden Horse. | The sentence mentions the Sibyl’s prophecy (mythic/oracular content) and the Argives’ sending a bronze horse to Delphi after the battle (a historical act). |
| 10.9.12 | 3 | other | historical | τὸ δὲ ἔργον Ἀντιφάνους ἐστὶν Ἀργείου. | The sculptor of this work was Antiphanes of Argos. | Identifies the sculptor Antiphanes of Argos, a historical person; no mythic content. |
| 10.10.4 | 2 | mythic | both | ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἔργου καὶ τοὺς Ἐπιγόνους ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων καλουμένους ἀνέθεσαν οἱ Ἀργεῖοι. | It seems to me that the Argives dedicated also on account of the same victory the statues of those whom the Greeks call the Epigoni. | The sentence refers to the Epigoni, a mythic group, and also says the Argives dedicated statues, a historical dedicatory act tied to a victory. |
| 10.10.4 | 3 | mythic | other | κεῖνται γὰρ δὴ εἰκόνες καὶ τούτων, Σθένελος καὶ Ἀλκμαίων, κατὰ ἡλικίαν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν πρὸ Ἀμφιλόχου τετιμημένος, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖς Πρόμαχος καὶ Θέρσανδρος καὶ Αἰγιαλεύς τε καὶ Διομήδης. | For indeed there are also figures of these men—of Sthenelus, and Alcmaeon, who, judging from his age, appears to have received honors earlier than Amphilochus; and beside these are Promachus and Thersander and Aigialeus and Diomedes. | This is a bare notice of figures/statues and their arrangement, not a narrative claim about mythic deeds or historical events. |
| 10.10.4 | 4 | mythic | other | ἐν μέσῳ δὲ Διομήδους καὶ τοῦ Αἰγιαλέως ἐστὶν Εὐρύαλος. | And between Diomedes and Aigialeus stands Euryalus. | This is only a locational/topographic statement identifying where Euryalus stands between named figures; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical action. |
| 10.10.6 | 2 | historical | mythic | Τάραντα δὲ ἀπῴκισαν μὲν Λακεδαιμόνιοι, οἰκιστὴς δὲ ἐγένετο Σπαρτιάτης Φάλανθος. | Tarentum was settled by colonists from Lacedaemon, and their founder was the Spartan Phalanthus. | This sentence gives a foundation legend for Tarentum and names its founder Phalanthus, a Spartan hero/legendary oikist. |
| 10.10.6 | 3 | historical | mythic | στελλομένῳ δὲ ἐς ἀποικίαν τῷ Φαλάνθῳ λόγιον ἦλθεν ἐκ Δελφῶν· ὑετοῦ αὐτὸν αἰσθόμενον ὑπὸ αἴθρᾳ, τηνικαῦτα καὶ χώραν κτήσεσθαι καὶ πόλιν. | Now, as Phalanthus was preparing to set forth for this colony, there came an oracle from Delphi, declaring that when he felt rain beneath a clear sky, then would he possess both country and city. | The sentence reports an oracle from Delphi giving a colonization prophecy to Phalanthus, which is mythic/legendary content; it does not assert a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 10.11.1 | 3 | mythic | both | Κνίδιοι δὲ ἐκόμισαν ἀγάλματα ἐς Δελφοὺς Τριόπαν οἰκιστὴν τῆς Κνίδου παρεστῶτα ἵππῳ καὶ Λητὼ καὶ Ἀπόλλωνά τε καὶ Ἄρτεμιν ἀφιέντας τῶν βελῶν ἐπὶ Τιτυόν· | The Cnidians brought statues to Delphi depicting Triopas, the founder of Cnidus, standing beside a horse, and Leto, Apollo, and Artemis shooting arrows at Tityos. | The sentence describes a dedication by the historical Cnidians and also depicts mythic figures Triopas, Leto, Apollo, Artemis, and Tityos in a mythic scene. |
| 10.11.2 | 2 | historical | other | ἐποιήθη δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ Σιφνίων ἐπὶ αἰτίᾳ τοιᾷδε θησαυρός. | The treasury of the Siphnians also was built for the following reason. | This is a causal/etiological transition introducing the reason for the treasury, but the sentence itself does not yet narrate the reason or any mythic/historical event. |
| 10.11.2 | 5 | mythic | other | ὡς δὲ ὑπὸ ἀπληστίας ἐξέλιπον τὴν φοράν, ἐπικλύσασα ἡ θάλασσα ἀφανῆ τὰ μέταλλά σφισιν ἐποίησεν. | However, when out of greed they ceased paying, the sea rose and submerged their mines, making them utterly inaccessible. | Describes a sea inundating mines as a consequence of greed, but this is a physical/calamitous account rather than a mythic deed or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 10.11.3 | 4 | historical | other | λέγει δὲ καὶ ὡς ἐπὶ Παχύνῳ τῇ ἄκρᾳ τῇ ἐν Σικελίᾳ κτίσαντες πόλιν αὐτοὶ μὲν ἐκπίπτουσιν ὑπὸ Ἐλύμων καὶ Φοινίκων πολέμῳ πιεσθέντες, | Antiochus also says that after founding a city upon Cape Pachynos in Sicily, the colonists were driven out by the Elymians and Phoenicians following their defeat in war. | This is a report of Antiochus' account of colonists founding a city and being expelled; as a sentence it is a historical/legendary report, but the sentence itself is framed as a source citation and does not assert a mythic deed or a datable historical event directly. |
| 10.11.4 | 1 | historical | other | τούτων Λιπάραν μὲν κτίσαντες πόλιν ἐνταῦθα οἰκοῦσιν, Ἱέραν δὲ καὶ Στρογγύλην καὶ Διδύμας γεωργοῦσι διαβαίνοντες ναυσὶν ἐς αὐτάς. | After founding a city on Lipara, they now dwell there, while they cultivate Hiera, Strongyle, and Didyma by sailing over to them in ships. | A settlement/farming description and route-like note about Lipara and nearby islands; it does not narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 10.11.6 | 4 | historical | both | γενέσθαι δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν ναυμαχιῶν τούτων καὶ θυσίαν Θησεῖ καὶ τῷ Ποσειδῶνι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνομαζομένῳ Ῥίῳ. | Furthermore, because of these naval victories, a sacrifice was instituted to Theseus and to Poseidon at the place called Rhion. | The sentence links a sacrifice instituted because of naval victories (historical) to Theseus and Poseidon, with Theseus as a mythic hero and Poseidon a god. |
| 10.12.3 | 1 | mythic | other | ταῦτα μὲν δὴ μαινομένη τε καὶ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ κάτοχος πεποίηκεν· | She composed these verses while inspired and possessed by the god. | This is an authorial statement about being inspired/possessed by a god, not a mythic narrative or historical event. |
| 10.12.5 | 2 | mythic | other | αὕτη ἡ Σίβυλλα ᾤκησε μὲν τὸ πολὺ τοῦ βίου ἐν Σάμῳ, ἀφίκετο δὲ καὶ ἐς Κλάρον τὴν Κολοφωνίων καὶ ἐς Δῆλόν τε καὶ ἐς Δελφούς· | This Sibyl spent most of her life on Samos, but came also to Claros in the land of the Colophonians, as well as to Delos and Delphi. | This is a location/travel notice about where the Sibyl lived and visited, not a mythic deed or historical event. |
| 10.12.7 | 2 | other | mythic | Ἰδαίαν δὲ ἐπίκλησιν γενέσθαι τῇ νύμφῃ κατʼ ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, τῶν δὲ χωρίων τὰ δασέα ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἴδας τότε ὀνομάζεσθαι. | They say the name of this nymph was Idaea, named thus for no other reason than that the thickly wooded places were then called “idae” by the inhabitants. | This sentence gives a naming legend for the nymph Idaea, explaining her name by a mythic etiology. |
| 10.12.8 | 1 | other | mythic | τὴν δὲ ἐπὶ ταύτῃ χρησμοὺς κατὰ ταὐτὰ εἰποῦσαν ἐκ Κύμης τῆς ἐν Ὀπικοῖς εἶναι, καλεῖσθαι δὲ αὐτὴν Δημὼ συνέγραψεν Ὑπέροχος ἀνὴρ Κυμαῖος. | Concerning another Sibyl, named Demo, Hyperochus, a man of Cumae, wrote that she came from Cumae in the Opican land, and likewise uttered oracles. | The sentence reports a Sibyl’s origin and oracle-uttering, which is mythic/legendary content; Hyperochus is only the reporting source, not the historical focus. |
| 10.12.8 | 2 | mythic | other | χρησμὸν δὲ οἱ Κυμαῖοι τῆς γυναικὸς ταύτης ἐς οὐδένα εἶχον ἐπιδείξασθαι, λίθου δὲ ὑδρίαν ἐν Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερῷ δεικνύουσιν οὐ μεγάλην, τῆς Σιβύλλης ἐνταῦθα κεῖσθαι φάμενοι τὰ ὀστᾶ. | The people of Cumae, however, had no oracle uttered by this woman to show; but they show in the sanctuary of Apollo a small stone water-jar, saying that the bones of this Sibyl rest there. | The sentence only reports the display and location of a jar and the claimed resting place of the Sibyl's bones; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.12.10 | 4 | mythic | other | Ζεὺς ἦν, Ζεὺς ἐστίν, Ζεὺς ἔσσεται· ὦ μεγάλε Ζεῦ. | "Zeus was, Zeus is, Zeus shall be; O mighty Zeus. | A devotional address to Zeus; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.12.11 | 3 | historical | other | τοσαῦται μὲν ἄχρι ἐμοῦ λέγονται γυναῖκες καὶ ἄνδρες ἐκ θεοῦ μαντεύσασθαι· ἐν δὲ τῷ χρόνῳ τῷ πολλῷ καὶ αὖθις γένοιτο ἂν ἕτερα τοιαῦτα. | Thus far have women and men inspired by the god prophesied down to my own time; but in the more remote future there may again be others who will perform similar deeds. | Authorial remark about prophecy down to the present and future possibility; it does not narrate a specific mythic or historical event. |
| 10.13.5 | 1 | other | historical | ἀνέθεσαν δὲ καὶ οἱ ἐν Φαρσάλῳ Θεσσαλοὶ καὶ Μακεδόνων οἱ ὑπὸ τῇ Πιερίᾳ πόλιν Δῖον οἰκοῦντες Κυρηναῖοί τε τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ τοῦ ἐν Λιβύῃ. | The Thessalians of Pharsalus and the Macedonians dwelling in the city of Dion beneath Pieria and the Cyrenaeans from the Greek colony in Libya also made dedications. | Reports dedications made by identifiable historical groups; no mythic narrative is asserted. |
| 10.13.5 | 2 | mythic | both | οὗτοι μὲν τὸ ἅρμα καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἅρματι ἄγαλμα Ἄμμωνος, Μακεδόνες δὲ οἱ ἐν Δίῳ τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα ὃς εἰλημμένος ἐστὶ τῆς ἐλάφου, Φαρσάλιοι δὲ Ἀχιλλέα τε ἐπὶ ἵππῳ καὶ ὁ Πάτροκλος συμπαραθεῖ ν οἱ καὶ τῷ ἵππῳ. | The Cyrenaeans dedicated a chariot with an image of Ammon riding upon it; the Macedonians of Dion offered an Apollo who is depicted as grasping a deer; and the people of Pharsalus set up Achilles mounted upon a horse, with Patroclus standing beside Achilles and alongside the horse. | The sentence reports dedications/offered statues by identifiable historical communities (Cyrenaeans, Macedonians of Dion, people of Pharsalus), while the objects depict mythic figures Ammon, Apollo, Achilles, and Patroclus. |
| 10.13.6 | 4 | other | historical | Φλιάσιοι δὲ ἐκόμισαν ἐς Δελφοὺς Δία τε χαλκοῦν καὶ ὁμοῦ τῷ Διὶ ἄγαλμα Αἰγίνης. | The Phliasians brought to Delphi a bronze Zeus, along with a statue of Aegina set up beside Zeus. | The sentence reports a dedication brought by the Phliasians, a historical civic act; it does not narrate a myth or legend. |
| 10.13.10 | 3 | historical | mythic | οὗτος μὲν δὴ εἴκασται τεθνεῶτι ἐν τῇ μάχῃ, οἱ δὲ αὐτῷ κειμένῳ ἐφεστηκότες ὁ ἥρως Τάρας ἐστὶ καὶ Φάλανθος ὁ ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος, καὶ οὐ πόρρω τοῦ Φαλάνθου δελφίς· | He is portrayed as having fallen in battle; standing over his body are the hero Taras and Phalanthus the Lacedaemonian, and near Phalanthus is a dolphin. | The sentence identifies Taras as a hero and depicts him with Phalanthus in a battle scene, which is mythic/legendary content; it does not assert a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 10.14.1 | 1 | mythic | historical | οἱ δὲ πελέκεις Περικλύτου τοῦ Εὐθυμάχου Τενεδίου ἀνδρὸς ἐπὶ λόγῳ ἀνάθημά εἰσιν ἀρχαίῳ. | The axes are a dedication of Periklytos, son of Euthymachos, a man of Tenedos, which has an ancient account behind it. | The sentence identifies a dedication by Periklytos, a historical person, which counts as historical; the 'ancient account' is only mentioned, not narrated. |
| 10.14.5 | 2 | historical | both | λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς Θεμιστοκλῆς ἀφίκοιτο ἐς Δελφοὺς λαφύρων τῶν Μηδικῶν κομίζων τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι· ἐρωτήσαντα δὲ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀναθημάτων εἰ ἐντὸς ἀναθήσει τοῦ ναοῦ, ἐκέλευεν αὐτὸν ἡ Πυθία τὰ παράπαν ἀποφέρειν ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ. | It is also said that Themistocles came to Delphi bringing some of the Median spoils for Apollo; but upon his inquiry whether he should dedicate these offerings within the temple, the Pythia commanded him to carry them out entirely from the sanctuary. | The sentence asserts a historical act by Themistocles bringing Median spoils to Delphi, and also includes the Pythia's oracle pronouncement, which is mythic/religious content. |
| 10.14.6 | 1 | historical | other | θαῦμα οὖν ἐποιούμεθα εἰ ἀπηξίωσεν ἐκείνου μόνου μὴ προσέσθαι τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν Μήδων. | Accordingly, we wondered greatly if he had indeed thought fit to refuse only these offerings from the Medes. | A reflective comment about refusing offerings from the Medes; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted. |
| 10.14.6 | 3 | mythic | both | οἱ δὲ εἰδότα τὸν θεὸν ὅτι ἱκέτης τοῦ Πέρσου γενήσοιτο ὁ Θεμιστοκλῆς, ἐπὶ τούτῳ τὰ δῶρα ἔφασαν οὐκ ἐθελῆσαι λαβεῖν, ἵνα μὴ ἀναθέντι τὸ ἔχθος ἄπαυστον ποιήσῃ τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ Μήδου. | Others claimed that, since the god foresaw that Themistocles would become a suppliant of the Persian, he refused on these grounds to accept the gifts, lest their dedication should create eternal hostility against him from the Medes. | The sentence reports a divine foreknowledge and refusal by the god (mythic), while naming Themistocles and the Persian/Median context of a historical figure and event (historical). |
| 10.14.6 | 4 | historical | mythic | στρατείαν δὲ τὴν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἀπὸ τοῦ βαρβάρου ἔστιν εὑρεῖν προρρηθεῖσαν μὲν ἐν τοῖς Βάκιδος χρησμοῖς, πρότερον δʼ ἔτι Εὔκλῳ τὰ ἐς αὐτὴν πεποιημένα ἐστίν. | The barbarian expedition against Greece is known to have been foretold both in the oracles of Bacis and, even earlier, was mentioned in the prophecies made by Euclus. | The sentence reports prophetic utterances by Bacis and Euclus about the Persian expedition; this is mythic/oracular content, not post-500 BCE historical narration. |
| 10.14.7 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐπεὶ δὲ οὐκ ἄνευ θεοῦ παραγίνεσθαί σφισιν ὑπελάμβανον, οὕτως ἐπακολουθοῦσι τῷ θηρίῳ, καὶ ἀνευρίσκουσί τε τὸ ἱερὸν χρυσίον καὶ ἀνέθεσαν λύκον τῷ θεῷ χαλκοῦν. | Every day thereafter, the wolf would enter the city and howl. | The sentence is a narrative action about a wolf entering the city and howling; it does not itself assert mythic or historical content. |
| 10.15.1 | 1 | other | historical | Φρύνης δὲ εἰκόνα ἐπίχρυσον Πραξιτέλης μὲν εἰργάσατο ἐραστὴς καὶ οὗτος, ἀνάθημα δὲ αὐτῆς Φρύνης ἐστὶν ἡ εἰκών. | The gilded statue of Phryne is a work by Praxiteles, who was also her lover; the figure itself is Phryne's own dedication. | A dedication by Phryne and a work by Praxiteles are historical/art-historical assertions about identifiable persons. |
| 10.15.3 | 4 | historical | both | παῖδα δὲ εἶπε ταύρου τὸν ἐν Περγάμῳ βασιλεύσαντα Ἄτταλον· | By "son of a bull" the oracle meant Attalus, who reigned as king in Pergamon. | The oracle identifies Attalus through a mythic-style birth epithet ('son of a bull') and names a historical king who reigned in Pergamon. |
| 10.15.5 | 3 | mythic | other | λέγει δὲ καὶ ὡς τὸ δόρυ καὶ τὰς γλαῦκας καὶ ὅσος καρπὸς ἐπὶ τῷ φοίνικι ἐπεποίητο ἐς μίμησιν τῆς ὀπώρας, κατακλάσαιεν καὶ ταῦτα οἱ κόρακες. | and he says also that they broke off the spear and the owls, and whatever fruit had been fashioned upon the palm-tree as a replica of produce, even these the crows shattered. | Describes damage to objects in a sanctuary; it is a physical/action detail, not a mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 10.15.6 | 2 | mythic | both | Κυρηναῖοι δὲ ἀνέθεσαν ἐν Δελφοῖς Βάττον ἐπὶ ἅρματι, ὃς ἐς Λιβύην ἤγαγε σφᾶς ναυσὶν ἐκ Θήρας. | The Cyrenaeans, for their part, dedicated at Delphi a statue of Battus in a chariot, who led them by ships from Thera to Libya. | The sentence names Battus as the leader of the colonizing expedition from Thera to Libya, a foundation/colonization legend (mythic), and also reports a dedication by the Cyrenaeans at Delphi, a historical civic act. |
| 10.15.6 | 4 | other | historical | ἐποίησε δὲ Ἀμφίων Ἀκέστορος Κνώσσιος. | Amphion son of Acestor from Knossos made this dedication. | This sentence identifies a historical dedicator, Amphion son of Acestor from Knossos, and states that he made the dedication. |
| 10.16.1 | 2 | other | historical | τοῦτο Γλαύκου μέν ἐστιν ἔργον τοῦ Χίου, σιδήρου κόλλησιν ἀνδρὸς εὑρόντος· | This is the work of Glaucus of Chios, who invented the welding of iron. | Attributes an invention to Glaucus of Chios, a historical person; no mythic content. |
| 10.16.3 | 1 | mythic | other | τὸν δὲ ὑπὸ Δελφῶν καλούμενον Ὀμφαλὸν λίθου πεποιημένον λευκοῦ, τοῦτο εἶναι τὸ ἐν μέσῳ γῆς πάσης αὐτοί τε λέγουσιν οἱ Δελφοὶ καὶ ἐν ᾠδῇ τινι Πίνδαρος ὁμολογοῦντά σφισιν ἐποίησεν. | The object called the Omphalos ("Navel") by the Delphians, made of white stone, the Delphians themselves claim to be the center of the entire earth; and Pindar in one of his songs has composed words in agreement with their claim. | A location/object description and report of what the Delphians and Pindar say; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 10.16.7 | 2 | historical | mythic | τοὺς γὰρ δὴ Λιπαραίους ἐναντία ναυμαχῆσαι τῶν Τυρσηνῶν ναυσὶν ὡς ἐλαχίσταις ἐκέλευσεν ἡ Πυθία. | The Pythian oracle had commanded the Liparians to engage the Tyrrhenian fleet with the fewest possible ships. | An oracle's command within a mythic context is mythic content; it does not assert post-500 BCE historical action. |
| 10.17.1 | 1 | other | both | βαρβάρων δὲ τῶν πρὸς τῇ ἑσπέρᾳ οἱ ἔχοντες Σαρδώ, εἰκόνα οὗτοι χαλκῆν τοῦ ἐπωνύμου σφίσιν ἀπέστειλαν. | Of the barbarian peoples dwelling toward the west, those who possess Sardinia sent a bronze image of their eponymous ancestor to Olympia. | Mentions an eponymous ancestor (mythic genealogy) and a bronze image sent by the Sardinians (a historical dedication by a people). |
| 10.17.2 | 3 | historical | other | οὐ μέντοι τούς γε αὐτόχθονας ἐξέβαλεν ὁ τῶν Λιβύων στόλος, σύνοικοι δὲ ὑπʼ αὐτῶν οἱ ἐπελθόντες ἀνάγκῃ μᾶλλον ἢ ὑπὸ εὐνοίας ἐδέχθησαν. | Nevertheless, the Libyan expedition did not expel the native inhabitants, but these newcomers were received by them as co-settlers by compulsion rather than through goodwill. | This is a general historical/ethnographic statement about settlers and natives being received as co-settlers; it does not itself narrate a specific mythic deed or a datable historical event. |
| 10.17.5 | 4 | historical | other | ἢ καὶ αὐτὸς τοῦ στόλου μετεῖχεν Ὀγρύλος. | They founded the city of Olbia, while the Athenians among them separately preserved Ogryle, naming it after one of their homeland demes, unless Ogrylus himself actually participated in their expedition. | This is a speculative historical aside about whether Ogrylus joined the expedition; it does not itself assert a mythic deed or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 10.17.6 | 2 | mythic | other | τούτων μοῖρα ἀπενεχθεῖσα ὑπὸ ἀνέμων ἐς Σαρδὼ ἀνεμίχθησαν τοῖς προενοικοῦσιν Ἕλλησι. | Some of these, having been carried by winds to Sardinia, mixed with the Greeks who previously inhabited the island. | This is a migration/topographic statement about people being carried to Sardinia and mixing with earlier Greeks; it does not itself assert a mythic deed or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 10.17.6 | 3 | historical | mythic | καταστῆναι δὲ ἐς μάχην τῷ Ἑλληνικῷ καὶ τοῖς Τρωσὶν ἐκώλυσε τοὺς βαρβάρους· | A confrontation between the Greeks and these Trojans was prevented by the barbarians: | The sentence itself describes Greeks and Trojans being kept from battle, which is mythic/heroic narrative content; it does not assert post-500 BC historical action. |
| 10.17.9 | 3 | historical | other | Βαλαροὶ τὸ ὄνομά ἐστιν αὐτοῖς κατὰ γλῶσσαν τὴν Κυρνίων· | Certain Libyans and Iberians, who were serving as mercenaries for the Carthaginians, engaged in disputes over the distribution of booty and, seizing the opportunity afforded by their anger, revolted and established themselves in the mountainous parts of the island. | This sentence only gives a linguistic note about the name in the Cyrenian language; it does not narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 10.18.1 | 3 | historical | other | τῇ πόλει δὲ ἣν εἷλον Φάνα τοὔνομα ἦν. | The name of the city they captured was Phana. | This is only a naming note for a captured city; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical action. |
| 10.18.1 | 5 | historical | other | καὶ ὡς ἀδυνάτως εἶχον ἑλεῖν τὴν πόλιν, θεωροὺς ἀποστέλλουσιν ἐς Δελφούς, καὶ αὐτοῖς ἀφίκετο μάντευμα· | Since they were unable to capture the city, they sent envoys to consult the oracle at Delphi, and the following response was delivered to them: | This sentence only reports sending envoys to Delphi and receiving an oracle response; it does not itself state the oracle's content or narrate a mythic/historical event. |
| 10.18.3 | 1 | mythic | other | οὐ συνιέντες οὖν ὁποῖόν τι ἤθελεν ὁ χρησμὸς λέγειν, οἱ μὲν οἴκαδε ἀποπλεῖν ἐβουλεύοντο διαλύσαντες τὴν πολιορκίαν, | Since they did not understand the oracle's intended meaning, some of them resolved to sail back home and abandon the siege. | This sentence only reports that some people misunderstood an oracle and decided to sail home; it is a procedural reaction, not a mythic narrative or historical event in itself. |
| 10.18.4 | 1 | historical | other | Ῥόδιοι δὲ οἱ ἐν Λίνδῳ παρὰ ταύτην τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν τὸ ἄγαλμα ἔστησαν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος. | The Rhodians in Lindos set up near this statue of Athena an image of Apollo. | A bare notice of a statue being set up near Athena's image; it does not narrate a mythic story or a datable historical event. |
| 10.19.3 | 2 | mythic | other | ἁλιεῦσιν ἐν Μηθύμνῃ τὰ δίκτυα ἀνείλκυσεν ἐκ θαλάσσης πρόσωπον ἐλαίας ξύλου πεποιημένον· τοῦτο ἰδέαν παρείχετο φέρουσαν μὲν τοι ἐς τὸ θεῖον, ξένην δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ θεοῖς Ἑλληνικοῖς οὐ καθεστῶσαν. | In Methymna fishermen drew up in their nets from the sea a face made from olive wood, having an appearance indeed of divine character, yet unfamiliar and not established among the Greek gods. | This is a physical discovery/description of an olive-wood face with divine appearance; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.19.3 | 4 | mythic | other | ἡ δὲ αὐτοὺς σέβεσθαι Διόνυσον Φαλλῆνα ἐκέλευσεν. | She instructed them to honor Dionysus Phallen. | This is a procedural instruction to honor Dionysus, not a narration of mythic or historical events. |
| 10.19.4 | 1 | mythic | other | τὰ δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἀετοῖς, ἔστιν Ἄρτεμις καὶ Λητὼ καὶ Ἀπόλλων καὶ Μοῦσαι δύσις τε Ἡλίου καὶ Διόνυσός τε καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αἱ Θυιάδες. | In the pediments are Artemis, Leto, Apollo and the Muses, as well as the setting of the Sun; there is also Dionysus and the women called Thyiads. | This is a bare description of figures depicted in the pediments and their placement, not a mythic narrative or historical event. |
| 10.19.4 | 2 | other | historical | τὰ μὲν δὴ πρῶτα αὐτῶν Ἀθηναῖος Πραξίας μαθητὴς Καλάμιδός ἐστιν ὁ ἐργασάμενος· χρόνου δὲ ὡς ὁ ναὸς ἐποιεῖτο ἐγγινομένου Πραξίαν μὲν ἔμελλεν ἀπάξειν τὸ χρεών, τὰ δὲ ὑπολειπόμενα τοῦ ἐν τοῖς ἀετοῖς κόσμου ἐποίησεν Ἀνδροσθένης , γένος μὲν καὶ οὗτος Ἀθηναῖος, μαθητὴς δὲ Εὐκάδμου. | The first of these sculptures were created by Praxias, an Athenian and follower of Kalamis, but as he was carried off by fate while the temple was still under construction, the remaining decoration of the pediments was completed by Androsthenes, also Athenian by birth and a pupil of Eukadmos. | This sentence identifies historical sculptors and their work on a temple decoration; it is biographical/art-historical rather than mythic. |
| 10.19.9 | 3 | historical | other | δύο γὰρ οἰκέται περὶ ἕκαστον τῶν ἱππευόντων ἦσαν, ἀγαθοὶ καὶ αὐτοὶ τὰ ἱππικὰ καὶ ἵππους ὁμοίως ἔχοντες. | For each cavalryman had two attendants, themselves skilled horsemen and likewise provided with horses. | Describes the organization of cavalry attendants; this is institutional/historical only if dated, but here it is a general procedural detail and not a specific historical event. |
| 10.19.10 | 3 | historical | other | εἰ δὲ ἀμφοτέρους ἐπιλάβοι τὸ χρεών, ἐνταῦθα ἕτοιμος ἦν ἱππεύς. | If fate overtook both, another horseman was ready to join the conflict. | A conditional combat statement about a horseman being ready; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted. |
| 10.19.10 | 4 | historical | other | λαμβανόντων δὲ τραύματα αὐτῶν, ὁ μὲν ὑπεξῆγε τῶν δούλων ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον τὸν τραυματίαν, ὁ δὲ καθίστατο ἐς τὴν τάξιν ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀπελθόντος. | If they received wounds, one of the servants carried the wounded back to the camp, while another immediately took his place in the line of battle. | Purely procedural battle description about wounded men being carried back and replaced in the line; no mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 10.19.12 | 2 | historical | other | τοῖς δέ γε Ἕλλησι κατεπεπτώκει μὲν ἐς ἅπαν τὰ φρονήματα, τὸ δὲ ἰσχυρὸν τοῦ δείματος προῆγεν ἐς ἀνάγκην τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἀμύνειν. | As for the Greeks, their spirits were altogether disheartened, but the extremity of their fear compelled them by necessity to defend Greece. | General statement about the Greeks' fear and resolve; no mythic or post-500 BCE historical event is asserted. |
| 10.19.12 | 5 | historical | other | ὡς οὖν ἀπολωλέναι δέον ἢ δʼ οὖν ἐπικρατεστέρους εἶναι, κατʼ ἄνδρα τε ἰδίᾳ καὶ αἱ πόλεις διέκειντο ἐν κοινῷ. | Thus, perceiving clearly that they must either perish or prevail by force, each man individually, and all their cities together, resolved firmly to make a common stand. | Describes a collective resolve in conflict, but does not itself narrate mythic material or a specific historical event/act. |
| 10.20.1 | 5 | historical | other | χίλιοι δὲ Φωκέων ἐφύλασσον μὲν τὴν ἀτραπὸν ἐν τῇ Οἴτῃ, προσέστω δὲ τῷ παντὶ Ἑλληνικῷ καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς ὁ τούτων. | A thousand Phokians guarded the path through Mt. Oeta, and their number too must be added to the entire Greek force. | A troop count and guarding a mountain path are military/topographic details, not mythic narration or a historical event in themselves. |
| 10.20.6 | 3 | historical | other | ἦν δὲ οὐδὲ ὁ Βρέννος οὔτε πάντα ἀσύνετος οὔτε ἀπείρως εἶχεν ὡς ἄν τις βάρβαρος σοφίσματα ἐς πολεμίους ἐξευρεῖν. | As for Brennus, he was neither entirely foolish nor inexperienced, for a barbarian, in discovering wiles against his enemies. | This is a character judgment about Brennus' intelligence and tactics, not a mythic narrative or a historical event/biography. |
| 10.20.8 | 4 | historical | other | οἱ δὲ ἤνυον τὸ ἔργον σπουδῇ, τῷ τε ἐκείνου δέει καὶ ἀπελθεῖν ἐκ τῆς χώρας σφίσιν ἐπιθυμοῦντες τοὺς βαρβάρους μηδὲ ἐπὶ πλέον κακουργεῖν μένοντας. | They completed the work swiftly, driven both by their fear of him and by their desire for the barbarians to depart from their land, lest they remain and commit further atrocities. | Procedural/action description of people completing work and wanting barbarians to leave; no mythic or post-500 BCE historical assertion in the sentence itself. |
| 10.21.1 | 3 | historical | other | ἐνταῦθα οἱ Ἕλληνες ἐν σιγῇ τε ἐπῄεσαν καὶ ἐν κόσμῳ· | Here the Greeks advanced silently and in good order. | Purely a battle-movement description; no mythic or historical assertion beyond the action itself. |
| 10.21.2 | 2 | other | historical | τοῖς δὲ Γαλάταις τὰ μὲν τῆς σκευῆς ἀσθενέστερα ἦν---θυρεοὺς γὰρ τοὺς ἐπιχωρίους εἶχον, καὶ ἄλλο σφίσιν οὐκ ἦν ὅπλον σκέπη σώματος---, πλέον δὲ ἔτι ἐμπειρίᾳ τῇ ἐς τὰ πολεμικὰ ἀπέδεον. | The Galatians, moreover, had inferior protective equipment, carrying only their native shields for defense and having no other armor to shelter their bodies; and even more significantly, they lacked sufficient experience in warfare. | Describes the Galatians' military equipment and experience in warfare, which is historical/ethnographic content rather than mythic narrative. |
| 10.21.3 | 1 | historical | other | οἱ δὲ ἐν ὀργῇ τε ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐναντίους καὶ θυμῷ μετὰ οὐδενὸς λογισμοῦ καθάπερ τὰ θηρία ἐχώρουν· | They advanced against their enemies with rage and fury, moving forward without any calculation, just like wild beasts. | A simile describing combat behavior; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted. |
| 10.21.3 | 2 | historical | other | καὶ οὔτε πελέκεσι διαιρουμένους ἢ ὑπὸ μαχαιρῶν ἡ ἀπόνοια τοὺς ἔτι ἐμπνέοντας ἔτι ἀπέλειπεν, οὔτε ὅσοι βέλεσι καὶ ἀκοντίοις διεπείροντο, ὑφῄρουν τοῦ θυμοῦ, μέχρι οὗ παρέμενεν ἡ ψυχή· | Neither when they were being hacked by axes nor when cut down by swords did their madness leave those who still breathed; nor did their anger diminish, though pierced by arrows and spears, as long as life remained in them. | This is a vivid battle description of people being cut down and remaining enraged; it does not assert mythic narrative or a post-500 BCE historical event in its own right. |
| 10.21.4 | 2 | historical | other | καμνόντων δὲ λόγου μειζόνως τῶν Κελτῶν καὶ ἅτε ἐν στενοχωρίᾳ μικρὰ μὲν δρώντων, διπλάσια δὲ καὶ τετραπλάσια πασχόντων, ἀναχωρεῖν ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον ἐσήμαινόν σφισιν οἱ ἡγεμόνες. | The Celts suffered grievously, far beyond account, and, constrained in a narrow place, could do but little harm, while receiving twofold and fourfold damage in return. | Describes battle conditions and losses in general terms; no mythic narrative or specific historical event/agent is asserted in this sentence itself. |
| 10.21.7 | 1 | historical | other | ὀλιγώρως δὲ αὐτοὺς ἐς τῶν ἀπογινομένων ἔχειν τὰς ταφὰς δύο ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τὰ ἀναπείθοντα ἦν, πολεμίους τε ἄνδρας ἐκπλῆξαι καὶ ὅτι ἔστι τεθνεώτων οὐ διʼ ἔθους οἶκτος αὐτοῖς. | Two reasons seem to me to have persuaded them to be negligent in burying their dead: first, to strike terror in their enemies, and second, because compassion for those who have died is not usual among them. | This is an explanatory comment about burial customs and motives, not a mythic narrative or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 10.22.2 | 1 | historical | other | οἱ μὲν δὴ ἡγεμόνες τῶν βαρβάρων οἱ ἄλλοι κατεπεπλήγεσαν τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, καὶ ἠπόρουν ἅμα ὑπὲρ τῶν μελλόντων, ἐς οὐδέν σφισι πλέον προχωροῦντα ὁρῶντες τὰ ἐν χερσί· | Indeed, the other commanders of the barbarians were amazed at the Greek forces and were at a loss concerning the future, realizing that their own plans were making no further progress. | This is a narrative description of commanders' reactions in battle, with no mythic content and no post-500 BCE historical assertion in itself. |
| 10.22.3 | 4 | historical | other | τούτων δὲ καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ γάλακτος πιότερα ἀποκτείνοντες ἔπινόν τε οἱ Γαλάται τοῦ αἵματος καὶ ἥπτοντο τῶν σαρκῶν. | indeed, even the babies still nourished by milk—the Galatians, slaughtering them, drank their blood and feasted upon their flesh. | Describes an act of the Galatians in a historical ethnographic account, but this sentence itself is not a dated event or biography; it is a narrative description of behavior, so neither mythic nor historical under the tagging rules. |
| 10.22.12 | 2 | historical | other | καὶ οἱ μὲν κατὰ τὰς πατρίδας ἕκαστοι τὰς αὑτῶν ἐσκεδάσθησαν. | Each contingent then scattered to their own homelands. | Reports troop dispersal to homelands; this is a plain narrative movement note, not mythic or historical assertion. |
| 10.23.1 | 2 | historical | other | ἥ τε γὰρ γῆ πᾶσα, ὅσην ἐπεῖχεν ἡ τῶν Γαλατῶν στρατιά, βιαίως καὶ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐσείετο τῆς ἡμέρας, βρονταί τε καὶ κεραυνοὶ συνεχεῖς ἐγίνοντο· | For the whole earth occupied by the army of the Gauls shook violently and continuously for much of the day, while thunderbolts and lightning repeatedly struck. | Describes a natural phenomenon during the Gauls' occupation, not a mythic deed or a historical event in itself. |
| 10.23.4 | 1 | historical | other | τοιούτοις μὲν οἱ βάρβαροι παρὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ἡμέραν παθήμασί τε καὶ ἐκπλήξει συνείχοντο· τὰ δὲ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ πολλῷ σφᾶς ἔμελλεν ἀλγεινότερα ἐπιλήψεσθαι. | Throughout the entire day, the barbarians were thus overwhelmed by sufferings and terror, yet the sufferings coming upon them during the night were destined to be far more grievous. | Describes suffering over day and night in a battle context, but does not itself assert mythic or post-500 BC historical content. |
| 10.23.7 | 1 | historical | other | καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο ἔνθα νὺξ κατελάμβανεν ἀναχωροῦντας, ἐν δὲ τῇ νυκτὶ φόβος σφίσιν ἐμπίπτει Πανικός· | And so they encamped wherever night overtook them during their retreat, but during the night, a panic terror seized upon them. | Describes a retreat and a panic attack; 'Panikos' is just the adjective/name of the fear, not a mythic or historical assertion. |
| 10.23.7 | 3 | historical | other | ἐνέπεσε μὲν ἐς τὸ στράτευμα ἡ ταραχὴ περὶ βαθεῖαν τὴν ἑσπέραν, καὶ ὀλίγοι τὸ κατʼ ἀρχὰς ἐγένοντο οἱ παραχθέντες ἐκ τοῦ νοῦ, ἐδόξαζόν τε οὗτοι κτύπου τε ἐπελαυνομένων ἵππων καὶ ἐφόδου πολεμίων αἰσθάνεσθαι · | Disorder struck the army around late evening; at first only a few men lost their senses, imagining that they heard the sounds of galloping horses and perceived the approach of enemies. | Describes a battlefield disorder and soldiers' perceptions; no mythic narrative or post-500 BCE historical event is asserted in this sentence itself. |
| 10.23.7 | 4 | historical | other | μετὰ δὲ οὐ πολὺ καὶ ἐς ἅπαντας διέδρα ἡ ἄγνοια. | Soon enough, however, the confusion spread among the entire army. | Describes confusion spreading through an army; no mythic or historical event is asserted in this sentence itself. |
| 10.23.8 | 1 | mythic | other | ἀναλαβόντες οὖν τὰ ὅπλα καὶ διαστάντες ἔκτεινόν τε ἀλλήλους καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος ἐκτείνοντο, οὔτε γλώσσης τῆς ἐπιχωρίου συνιέντες οὔτε τὰς ἀλλήλων μορφὰς οὔτε τῶν θυρεῶν καθορῶντες τὰ σχήματα· | Then taking up their weapons and standing apart, they began slaying one another and being slain in turn, neither understanding the native tongue nor discerning each other's features nor recognizing the shapes of their shields. | Describes a battle scene in general terms without asserting a specific mythic episode or datable historical event. |
| 10.23.8 | 2 | mythic | other | ἀλλὰ ἀμφοτέραις ταῖς τάξεσιν ὁμοίως ὑπὸ τῆς ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἀγνοίας οἵ τε ἄνδρες οἱ ἀνθεστηκότες εἶναί σφισιν Ἕλληνες καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ τὰ ὅπλα ἐφαίνοντο καὶ Ἑλλάδα ἀφιέναι τὴν φωνήν, ἥ τε ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ μανία πλεῖστον ἐξειργάσατο ὑπʼ ἀλλήλων τοῖς Γαλάταις τὸν φόνον. | In both battle lines, due to their confusion at that moment, the warriors confronting them appeared similarly Greek, their arms appeared Greek, and their speech seemed to be Greek. | The sentence is a battle-description and authorial explanation of confusion; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.24.1 | 4 | other | historical | τὸν δὲ ἕβδομον Πλάτων ὁ Ἀρίστωνος ἀντὶ Περιάνδρου τοῦ Κυψέλου Μύσωνα κατείλοχε τὸν Χηνέα· | Concerning the seventh wise man, Plato son of Ariston replaced Periander, the son of Cypselus, with Myson of Chenae. | This sentence reports a historical/philosophical classification by Plato about the seventh wise man; it is not mythic. |
| 10.24.2 | 1 | other | mythic | οὗτοι μὲν δὴ ἐνταῦθα ἔγραψαν τὰ εἰρημένα, θεάσαιο δʼ ἂν καὶ εἰκόνα Ὁμήρου χαλκῆν ἐπὶ στήλῃ καὶ ἐπιλέξει τὸ μάντευμα ὃ γενέσθαι τῷ Ὁμήρῳ λέγουσιν· | Here indeed these words are inscribed; and you might also see a bronze statue of Homer upon a pedestal, with an inscription containing the oracle said to have been given to Homer: | The sentence mentions Homer’s bronze statue and, crucially, an oracle said to have been given to Homer, which is mythic/legendary content; it does not assert post-500 BCE historical action. |
| 10.24.2 | 2 | mythic | other | ὄλβιε καὶ δύσδαιμον---ἔφυς γὰρ ἐπʼ ἀμφοτέροισι---, πατρίδα δίζηαι. | "Fortunate and yet unfortunate—for you were born to both—you seek your native land; | A direct address/poetic remark about being fortunate and unfortunate and seeking one's native land; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted. |
| 10.24.4 | 2 | mythic | other | ἀντὶ δὲ αὐτῶν τῆς τρίτης Ζεύς τε Μοιραγέτης καὶ Ἀπόλλων σφίσι παρέστηκε Μοιραγέτης. | Instead of the third Fate, Zeus Moiragetes and Apollo Moiragetes are standing beside them. | This is a locative/descriptive statement about statues or figures standing beside them; it does not narrate a myth or a historical event. |
| 10.24.4 | 4 | mythic | other | τὰ δὲ ἐς τοῦ Νεοπτολέμου τὴν τελευτήν ἐστιν ἡμῖν ἑτέρωθι εἰρημένα. | But concerning the death of Neoptolemus, I have spoken elsewhere. | Authorial cross-reference only; it says the death of Neoptolemus is discussed elsewhere, without narrating the event here. |
| 10.24.5 | 1 | other | historical | ἀνάκειται δὲ οὐ πόρρω τῆς ἑστίας θρόνος Πινδάρου· | Not far from the hearth stands the throne of Pindar. | The sentence identifies the throne of Pindar, a historical poet, as an existing object at a location. |
| 10.24.5 | 2 | other | historical | σιδήρου μέν ἐστιν ὁ θρόνος, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῷ φασιν, ὁπότε ἀφίκοιτο ἐς Δελφοὺς, καθέζεσθαί τε τὸν Πίνδαρον καὶ ᾄδειν ὁπόσα τῶν ᾀσμάτων ἐς Ἀπόλλωνά ἐστιν. | The throne itself is made of iron, and they say that whenever Pindar came to Delphi he would sit upon it and sing whatever hymns he had composed in honor of Apollo. | The sentence gives a biographical/historical notice about Pindar and his practice at Delphi; it does not narrate mythic action. |
| 10.25.1 | 1 | other | historical | ὑπὲρ δὲ τὴν Κασσοτίδα ἐστὶν οἴκημα γραφὰς ἔχον τῶν Πολυγνώτου, ἀνάθημα μὲν Κνιδίων. | Above the Cassotis there is a building containing paintings by Polygnotus, dedicated by the people of Cnidus. | It reports a dedication by the people of Cnidus, a historical civic act; it does not narrate mythic action. |
| 10.25.1 | 5 | mythic | other | Hom. Od. 18.328 | (Homer, Odyssey 18.328) | This is only a citation to Homer (Odyssey 18.328), not a sentence asserting mythic or historical content. |
| 10.25.2 | 4 | historical | mythic | Ὅμηρος δὲ Νέστορα ἐποίησεν ἄλλα τε διαλεγόμενον πρὸς Τηλέμαχον καὶ περὶ τοῦ Φρόντιδος· πατρὸς μὲν Ὀνήτορος, Μενελάου δὲ ἦν κυβερνήτης, δοκιμώτατος δὲ ἐς τὴν τέχνην, καὶ ὡς Σούνιον ἤδη τὸ ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ παραπλέοντα ἐπέλαβεν αὐτὸν τὸ χρεών· | Homer has Nestor speaking to Telemachus about several matters, among them the story of Phrontis, the son of Onetor, who was pilot to Menelaus and renowned above all others for his skill; death overtook him as he was sailing past Sounion in Attica. | The sentence recounts Homer’s narrative about Phrontis, a mythic/epic figure and his death at sea; it does not assert post-500 BC historical content. |
| 10.25.4 | 2 | mythic | other | κάθηται δὲ αὐτή τε ἡ Ἑλένη καὶ Εὐρυβάτης πλησίον· | Helen herself is seated, with Eurybates near her. | This is a bare locational/scene description that Helen and Eurybates are seated nearby; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical action. |
| 10.25.4 | 4 | mythic | other | θεράπαινα δὲ Ἠλέκτρα καὶ Πανθαλίς, ἡ μὲν τῇ Ἑλένῃ παρέστηκεν, ἡ δὲ ὑποδεῖ τὴν δέσποιναν ἡ Ἠλέκτρα· | The servant women Elektra and Panthalis are also present; Panthalis stands beside Helen, and Elektra is putting sandals on her mistress. | Bare scene description identifying attendants and their actions; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted. |
| 10.25.5 | 1 | mythic | other | κάθηται δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν Ἑλένην πορφυροῦν ἀνὴρ ἀμπεχόμενος ἱμάτιον καὶ ἐς τὰ μάλιστα κατηφής· | Above Helen sits a man draped with a purple cloak, appearing exceedingly sorrowful. | Pure physical description of a seated man and his appearance; no mythic or historical assertion in the sentence itself. |
| 10.25.6 | 3 | mythic | other | δῆλα οὖν ὡς ἄλλως γε οὐκ ἂν ὁ Πολύγνωτος ἔγραψεν οὕτω τὰ ἕλκη σφίσιν, εἰ μὴ ἐπελέξατο τὴν ποίησιν τοῦ Λέσχεω· | It is thus evident that Polygnotus would not have represented their wounds in such detail if he had not closely followed the poem of Lescheos. | Authorial comment about Polygnotus following Lescheos' poem; it is a cross-reference, not narration of mythic or historical events. |
| 10.25.6 | 4 | mythic | other | προσεπέθηκε μέντοι καὶ σφυροῦ τῷ Λυκομήδει καὶ τρίτον τραῦμα ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ. | Polygnotus, however, added further injuries to Lycomedes: one wound on the ankle and another—the third—upon his head. | This is a descriptive detail of injuries in the narrative, not a mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 10.25.8 | 3 | mythic | other | ἀποστείλαντι δὲ αὐτῷ κήρυκα ἔδωκεν Ἑλένη τὴν χάριν. | Accordingly, he sent a herald to Helen, and she granted the request. | This sentence only reports a request being sent and Helen granting it; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.25.8 | 4 | mythic | other | ἔοικεν οὖν ὁ Εὐρυβάτης ὁ ἐν τῇ γραφῇ ἀφῖχθαί τε ὡς τὴν Ἑλένην τῆς Αἴθρας ἕνεκα καὶ τὰ ἐντεταλμένα ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀγαμέμνονος ἀπαγγέλλειν. | Thus, Eurybates, as portrayed in the painting, seems to have come to Helen on account of Aethra, declaring the instructions which Agamemnon had given him. | This is an authorial description of what a figure in a painting seems to be doing and reporting; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 10.25.9 | 1 | mythic | other | γυναῖκες δὲ αἱ Τρῳάδες αἰχμαλώτοις τε ἤδη καὶ ὀδυρομέναις ἐοίκασι. | The Trojan women appear here as though already captives and lamenting their fate. | This is a descriptive simile about the Trojan women’s appearance, not a mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 10.25.11 | 1 | mythic | other | γέγραφε δὲ καὶ Νέστορα τῇ κεφαλῇ τε ἐπικείμενον πῖλον καὶ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ δόρυ ἔχοντα· | He has depicted also Nestor, wearing a cap upon his head and holding a spear in his hand. | This is only a physical description of Nestor in a depiction; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.26.3 | 2 | mythic | other | καὶ Ὀδυσσεύς τέ ἐστι καὶ ἐνδέδυκε θώρακα Ὀδυσσεύς. | Odysseus is depicted there, wearing his breastplate. | Bare depiction/description of Odysseus in an artwork; no narrative mythic or historical assertion. |
| 10.26.3 | 6 | mythic | other | ὑπὸ τούτοις τοῖς τὸν Αἴαντα ἐξορκοῦσιν, κατʼ εὐθὺ δὲ τοῦ ἵππου τοῦ | Underneath these figures are those who administer the oath to Ajax, and directly in line with the horse itself— | Purely locational/topographic description of figures and the horse; no mythic or historical event is asserted. |
| 10.26.4 | 2 | mythic | other | οὗτος μὲν δὴ ὀλίγον ἐμπνέοντι ἔτι εἴκασται· | He has been represented as still breathing slightly. | This is a physical description of a statue/image ('represented as still breathing slightly'), with no mythic or historical assertion. |
| 10.26.5 | 1 | mythic | other | γέγραπται δὲ βωμός τε καὶ ὑπὸ δείματος παῖς μικρὸς ἐχόμενος τοῦ βωμοῦ· | There is depicted an altar and also a small boy clutching the altar in fear. | Purely a description of what is depicted in the artwork; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted. |
| 10.26.6 | 2 | other | mythic | ἐπὶ τούτῳ καὶ Ὅμηρος Φόρκυνα τὸν Φρύγα οὐκ ἔχοντα ἀσπίδα ἐποίησεν, ὅτι αὐτῷ γυαλοθώραξ ἦν. | Concerning this matter, Homer also depicted Phorcys the Phrygian as being without a shield because he wore a breastplate of metal plates. | The sentence asserts a Homeric depiction of Phorcys the Phrygian, a mythic/heroic figure, and explains a mythic detail about his equipment. |
| 10.26.6 | 3 | mythic | both | ἐγὼ δὲ γραφῇ μεμιμημένον τοῦτον ἐθεασάμην ὑπὸ τοῦ Πολυγνώτου, καὶ ἐν Ἀρτέμιδος τῆς Ἐφεσίας Καλλιφῶν ὁ Σάμιος Πατρόκλῳ τοῦ θώρακος τὰ γύαλα ἁρμοζούσας ἔγραψε γυναῖκας. | I myself saw this image reproduced in a painting by Polygnotus; and at the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Calliphon of Samos painted women fitting metal plates of armor onto Patroclus' breastplate. | The sentence names mythic figures Patroclus and Polygnotus and asserts a painting by historical artists, including Calliphon of Samos. |
| 10.26.7 | 1 | historical | other | τοῦ βωμοῦ δὲ ἐπέκεινα Λαοδίκην ἔγραψεν ἑστῶσαν. | Beyond the altar he painted Laodice standing. | A placement/description of a painted figure beyond an altar; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 10.26.7 | 2 | mythic | other | ταύτην οὔτε ὑπὸ ποιητοῦ κατειλεγμένην ἐν ταῖς αἰχμαλώτοις ταῖς Τρῳάσιν εὕρισκον οὔτε ἄλλως ἐφαίνετο ἔχειν μοι τὸ εἰκὸς ἢ ἀφεθῆναι τὴν Λαοδίκην ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων. | I found that she is neither mentioned by any poet among the captive Trojan women, nor did it seem to me probable that Laodice could have been otherwise than spared by the Greeks. | Authorial comment about what poets mention and what seems probable; no mythic or historical event is asserted in the sentence itself. |
| 10.26.8 | 3 | mythic | other | Εὐφορίων δὲ ἀνὴρ Χαλκιδεὺς σὺν οὐδενὶ εἰκότι τὰ ἐς τὴν Λαοδίκην ἐποίησεν. | Euphorion of Chalcis, however, composed what concerns Laodice without any apparent plausibility. | Authorial comment about Euphorion composing a story about Laodice; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 10.26.9 | 2 | mythic | other | Μέδουσα δὲ κατέχουσα ταῖς χερσὶν ἀμφοτέραις τὸ ὑπόστατον ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐδάφους κάθηται· | Medusa sits on the ground holding the pedestal with both hands. | Pure physical description of Medusa's pose and object placement; no mythic event or historical claim. |
| 10.27.1 | 1 | mythic | other | νεκροὶ δὲ ὁ μὲν γυμνὸς Πῆλις ὄνομα ἐπὶ τὸν νῶτόν ἐστιν ἐρριμμένος, ὑπὸ δὲ τὸν Πῆλιν Ἠιονεύς τε κεῖται καὶ Ἄδμητος ἐνδεδυκότες ἔτι τοὺς θώρακας· | Of the dead bodies, one named Pelis lies nude thrown upon his back, and under Pelis lie Eioneus and Admetus, still clad in their breastplates. | Pure physical description of dead bodies and their positions; no mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 10.27.2 | 1 | mythic | other | εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἐπάνω τοῦ Κοροίβου Πρίαμος καὶ Ἀξίων τε καὶ Ἀγήνωρ. | Above the figure of Coroebus are Priam, as well as Axion and Agenor. | This is only a location/description of figures above Coroebus; it does not assert any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 10.27.4 | 1 | mythic | other | παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸν ἕστηκεν Ἀντήνωρ καὶ ἐφεξῆς θυγάτηρ Ἀντήνορος Κρινώ· παιδίον δὲ ἡ Κρινὼ φέρει νήπιον. | Next to him stands Antenor, and immediately beside him Antenor's daughter, Crino; and Crino is holding a young infant in her arms. | This is a locating/description sentence identifying who stands where and what Crino holds; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.27.4 | 4 | mythic | both | κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς γραφῆς καὶ ἐλεγεῖόν ἐστι Σιμωνίδου· γράψε Πολύγνωτος, Θάσιος γένος, Ἀγλαοφῶντος υἱός, περθομένην Ἰλίου ἀκρόπολιν. | Near this part of the painting is an elegiac couplet composed by Simonides: "Polygnotus of Thasos, son of Aglaophon, painted the fall of the citadel of Ilium." | The sentence quotes Simonides on Polygnotus, a historical painter, and describes his painting of the mythic fall of Ilium. |
| 10.28.1 | 3 | mythic | other | ὕδωρ εἶναι ποταμὸς ἔοικε, δῆλα ὡς ὁ Ἀχέρων, καὶ κάλαμοί τε ἐν αὐτῷ πεφυκότες καὶ ἰχθύες· | There is water resembling a river, clearly the Acheron, in which reeds grow and fish can be seen. | Bare physical description of water resembling a river, with reeds and fish; naming Acheron is locational/comparative, not a mythic assertion. |
| 10.28.3 | 3 | other | mythic | ἐς μὲν δὴ τὸν Τέλλιν τοσοῦτον ἤκουσα ὡς ὁ ποιητὴς Ἀρχίλοχος ἀπόγονος εἴη τρίτος Τέλλιδος, Κλεόβοιαν δὲ ἐς Θάσον τὰ ὄργια τῆς Δήμητρος ἐνεγκεῖν πρώτην ἐκ Πάρου φασίν. | Concerning Tellis, this much I have heard: that the poet Archilochus was a third-generation descendant of Tellis; as for Cleoboea, they say that she was the first who brought the rites of Demeter from Paros to Thasos. | The sentence gives a genealogy for Archilochus and a cult-etiological story about Cleoboea bringing Demeter rites, both mythic in nature; it does not assert post-500 BCE historical content. |
| 10.28.4 | 3 | mythic | other | οἵ, ἡνίκα ἐπέρρει τῇ Κατάνῃ πῦρ τὸ ἐκ τῆς Αἴτνης, χρυσὸν μὲν καὶ ἄργυρον ἐν οὐδενὸς μερίδι ἐποιήσαντο, οἱ δὲ ἔφευγον ὁ μὲν ἀράμενος μητέρα, ὁ δὲ αὐτῶν τὸν πατέρα· | When fire once flowed down upon Catana from Mount Etna, they thought nothing at all of gold or silver, but fled, one carrying his mother, another his father. | This sentence is a narrative of a volcanic disaster and flight, not a mythic deed or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 10.28.4 | 4 | mythic | other | προϊόντας δὲ οὐ σὺν ῥᾳστώνῃ καταλαμβάνει σφᾶς τὸ πῦρ ἐπειγόμενον τῇ φλογί· | The flames, pursuing swiftly, overtook these youths while they were fleeing without ease. | This is a descriptive narrative of flames overtaking fleeing youths, with no explicit mythic or historical assertion in the sentence itself. |
| 10.28.7 | 1 | mythic | other | ἔστι δὲ ἀνωτέρω τῶν κατειλεγμένων Εὐρύνομος· | Above the figures already described stands Eurynomos. | A simple location/description sentence identifying what stands above the previously described figures; it does not assert a mythic deed or historical event. |
| 10.28.7 | 3 | mythic | other | ἡ δὲ Ὁμήρου ποίησις ἐς Ὀδυσσέα καὶ ἡ Μινυάς τε καλουμένη καὶ οἱ Νόστοι---μνήμη γὰρ δὴ ἐν ταύταις καὶ Ἅιδου καὶ τῶν ἐκεῖ δειμάτων ἐστὶν---ἴσασιν οὐδένα Εὐρύνομον δαίμονα. | Yet neither Homer's poetry about Odysseus, nor the epic poem called the Minyas, nor the Nostoi—although each of these texts includes mention of Hades and the terrors within—know of any daimon named Eurynomos. | The sentence is a literary cross-reference/comment about what certain poems mention; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.28.7 | 4 | mythic | other | τοσοῦτο μέντοι δηλώσω, ὁποῖός τε ὁ Εὐρύνομος καὶ ἐπὶ ποίου γέγραπται τοῦ σχήματος· κυανοῦ τὴν χρόαν μεταξύ ἐστι καὶ μέλανος, ὁποῖαι καὶ τῶν μυιῶν αἱ πρὸς τὰ κρέα εἰσὶ προσιζάνουσαι, τοὺς δὲ ὀδόντας φαίνει, καθεζομένῳ δὲ ὑπέστρωταί οἱ δέρμα γυπός. | I will, however, now indicate what sort of figure Eurynomos is, and in what form he is depicted: his color is a mixture of blue and black, like that of flies that settle upon meat; he bares his teeth, and he sits upon a vulture's skin spread beneath him. | Pure physical description of Eurynomos' appearance and pose; no mythic event or historical claim. |
| 10.28.8 | 1 | mythic | other | ἐφεξῆς δὲ μετὰ τὸν Εὐρύνομον ἥ τε ἐξ Ἀρκαδίας Αὔγη καὶ Ἰφιμέδειά ἐστι· | Next in order after Eurynomos are Auge of Arcadia and Iphimedeia. | This is only a locating/listing sentence naming figures; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 10.29.1 | 1 | mythic | other | τῶν δὲ ἤδη μοι κατειλεγμένων εἰσὶν ἀνώτεροι τούτων ἱερεῖα καὶ οἱ ἑταῖροι τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως Περιμήδης καὶ Εὐρύλοχος φέροντες· τὰ δέ ἐστι μέλανες κριοὶ τὰ ἱερεῖα. | Higher up than the figures I have already mentioned are sacrifices and the companions of Odysseus, Perimedes and Eurylochus, bringing them forward; these sacrifices are black rams. | This sentence is a location/description of sacrificial figures and black rams; it names Odysseus' companions but does not itself narrate a mythic deed or historical event. |
| 10.29.1 | 2 | mythic | other | μετὰ δὲ αὐτοὺς ἀνήρ ἐστι καθήμενος, ἐπίγραμμα δὲ Ὄκνον εἶναι λέγει τὸν ἄνθρωπον· | Near them sits a figure whose inscription identifies him as Oknos. | This sentence only identifies a seated figure by inscription; it does not narrate any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 10.29.4 | 2 | historical | other | Ζεῦγμά τε ὠνομάσθη πόλις καθʼ ὅ τι ἐζεύχθη τῆς χώρας ὁ Εὐφράτης, καὶ ἔστιν ἐνταῦθα ὁ κάλως καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἐν ᾧ τὸν ποταμὸν ἔζευξεν, ἀμπελίνοις ὁμοῦ πεπλεγμένος καὶ κισσοῦ κλήμασι. | Indeed, the city was named "Zeugma" from this bridging of the Euphrates, and even today the cable that bound together the river banks still remains there, braided from intertwined grapevines and ivy tendrils. | This is an etymological/topographic note about the city's name and a surviving cable, not a mythic or historical event. |
| 10.29.5 | 1 | mythic | other | τὰ μὲν δὴ ἐς Διόνυσον πολλὰ ὑπό τε Ἑλλήνων λεγόμενα καὶ ὑπὸ Αἰγυπτίων ἐστίν· ὑπὸ δὲ τὴν Φαίδραν ἐστὶν ἀνακεκλιμένη Χλῶρις ἐπὶ τῆς Θυίας γόνασιν. | There are many stories concerning Dionysus, told by both Greeks and Egyptians; below Phaedra stands Chloris, leaning upon the knees of Thyia. | The first clause is a meta-comment about stories concerning Dionysus, and the second clause is only a location/description of figures in a scene; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 10.29.6 | 1 | mythic | other | παρὰ δὲ τὴν Θυίαν Πρόκρις τε ἕστηκεν ἡ Ἐρεχθέως καὶ μετʼ αὐτὴν Κλυμένη· | Next to Thyia stands Procris, daughter of Erechtheus, and beside her is Clymene. | This is only a locational/identificatory notice that Procris and Clymene stand beside Thyia; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 10.29.8 | 2 | mythic | other | μετὰ δὲ τὸν Τειρεσίαν ἐπὶ πέτρας ἡ Ὀδυσσέως μήτηρ Ἀντίκλειά ἐστιν· ὁ δὲ Ἐλπήνωρ ἀμπέχεται φορμὸν ἀντὶ ἐσθῆτος, σύνηθες τοῖς ναύταις φόρημα. | After Teiresias, upon a rock, stands Anticleia, Odysseus' mother; Elpenor wears a mat wrapped around him instead of a garment, a customary covering worn by sailors. | The sentence only locates Anticleia and describes Elpenor's clothing; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or historical event. |
| 10.29.9 | 1 | mythic | other | κατωτέρω δὲ τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως ἐπὶ θρόνων καθεζόμενοι Θησεὺς μὲν τὰ ξίφη τό τε Πειρίθου καὶ τὸ ἑαυτοῦ ταῖς χερσὶν ἀμφοτέραις ἔχει, ὁ δὲ ἐς τὰ ξίφη βλέπων ἐστὶν ὁ Πειρίθους· | Lower than Odysseus, seated upon thrones, are Theseus and Peirithous: Theseus holds in both hands the swords, both that of Peirithous and his own, while Peirithous gazes down upon the swords. | This is a physical description of figures in a scene, noting their positions and what they hold/look at; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.29.10 | 2 | mythic | other | καὶ Ὀδυσσεὺς μὲν πρὸς Φαίακας λέγων ἐστὶ | Odysseus, speaking among the Phaeacians, says: | Authorial framing only: identifies Odysseus speaking, without narrating a mythic deed or historical event. |
| 10.30.2 | 2 | mythic | other | τάδε μέν ἐστιν ἐς αὐτὰς Ὁμήρῳ πεποιημένα, Πολύγνωτος δὲ κόρας τε ἐστεφανωμένας ἄνθεσι καὶ παιζούσας ἔγραψεν ἀστραγάλοις, ὄνομα δὲ αὐταῖς Καμειρώ τε καὶ Κλυτίη. | These details concerning them are described by Homer, whereas Polygnotus painted the girls crowned with flowers and playing with knucklebones, and gave their names as Cameiro and Clytie. | This is an authorial/art-historical comment about Homer and Polygnotus and the girls' depiction and names; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical events. |
| 10.30.3 | 2 | mythic | other | Πρωτεσίλαος δὲ πρὸς Ἀχιλλέα ἀφορᾷ καθεζόμενος. | After Antilochus is Agamemnon, leaning with a scepter under his left armpit and holding up a staff in his hands. | Purely a descriptive/locational note identifying where Protesilaus is looking while seated; no mythic action or historical event is asserted. |
| 10.30.4 | 1 | mythic | other | γέγραπται δὲ ὑπὲρ αὐτοὺς Φῶκός τε ἡλικίαν μειράκιον καὶ Ἰασεὺς γενείων μὲν εὖ ἔχων, δακτύλιον δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἀριστερᾶς τοῦ Φώκου περιαιρούμενος χειρὸς ἐπὶ τοιῷδέ ἐστι λόγῳ. | Depicted above these figures are Phocus, portrayed as still youthful in age, and Iaseus, who has a fine beard and is shown removing a ring from the left hand of Phocus. | This is a description of an изображение/depiction and physical details of figures, not a mythic narrative or historical event. |
| 10.30.5 | 1 | mythic | other | ὑπὲρ τούτους Μαῖρά ἐστιν ἐπὶ πέτρᾳ καθεζομένη· | Above these is Maira, seated upon a rock. | A bare topographic/location note describing Maira seated on a rock; it does not narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.30.6 | 1 | mythic | other | ἀποβλέψαντι δὲ αὖθις ἐς τὰ κάτω τῆς γραφῆς, ἔστιν ἐφεξῆς μετὰ τὸν Πάτροκλον οἷα ἐπὶ λόφου τινὸς Ὀρφεὺς καθεζόμενος, ἐφάπτεται δὲ καὶ τῇ ἀριστερᾷ κιθάρας, τῇ δὲ ἑτέρᾳ χειρὶ ἰτέας ψαύει· | Looking again toward the lower part of the painting, next after Patroclus is depicted Orpheus sitting as if upon some hillock; he touches a lyre with his left hand, while with his other hand he grazes a willow. | This is a descriptive identification and physical depiction of Orpheus in the painting, not a narration of a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.30.6 | 3 | mythic | other | τὸ δὲ ἄλσος ἔοικεν εἶναι τῆς Περσεφόνης, ἔνθα αἴγειροι καὶ ἰτέαι δόξῃ τῇ Ὁμήρου πεφύκασιν· | The grove appears to be the grove of Persephone, where poplars and willows have grown, following the Homeric tradition. | A location/description of a grove and its trees, with a literary comparison to Homer; it does not itself narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 10.30.8 | 1 | mythic | both | κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς γραφῆς Σχεδίος ὁ Φωκεῦσιν ἡγησάμενος ἐς Τροίαν καὶ μετὰ τοῦτον Πελίας ἐστὶν ἐν θρόνῳ καθεζόμενος, τὰ γένεια ὁμοίως καὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν πολιός, ἐνορᾷ δὲ ἐς τὸν Ὀρφέα· | In this portion of the painting is depicted Schedios, who led the Phokians against Troy, and next to him is Pelias, seated upon a throne, gray-haired in beard as well as head, gazing toward Orpheus. | Schedios is a mythic/heroic figure in the Trojan War, and the sentence also identifies him as leading the Phokians against Troy, a heroic war narrative. |
| 10.30.8 | 2 | mythic | other | ὁ δὲ Σχεδίος ἐγχειρίδιόν τε ἔχων καὶ ἄγρωστίν ἐστιν ἐστεφανωμένος. | Schedios holds a dagger and has a wreath of grass upon his head. | This is a physical description of Schedios' appearance and possessions, not a mythic or historical assertion. |
| 10.31.3 | 1 | mythic | other | Μελέαγρος δὲ ὁ Οἰνέως ἀνωτέρω μὲν ἢ ὁ τοῦ Ὀιλέως Αἴας ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ γραφῇ, ἔοικε δὲ ὁρῶντι ἐς τὸν Αἴαντα. | Meleager, the son of Oeneus, is depicted higher up in the painting than Ajax, son of Oileus, but resembles Ajax to one observing him. | Purely a description of the painting’s arrangement and resemblance; it names mythic figures but does not assert any mythic or historical event. |
| 10.31.4 | 1 | mythic | both | τὸν δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ δαλῷ λόγον, ὡς δοθείη μὲν ὑπὸ Μοιρῶν τῇ Ἀλθαίᾳ, Μελεάγρῳ δὲ οὐ πρότερον ἔδει τὴν τελευτὴν συμβῆναι πρὶν ἢ ὑπὸ πυρὸς ἀφανισθῆναι τὸν δαλὸν καὶ ὡς ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ καταπρήσειεν αὐτὸν ἡ Ἀλθαία, τοῦτον τὸν λόγον Φρύνιχος ὁ Πολυφράδμονος πρῶτος ἐν δράματι ἔδειξε Πλευρωνίαις· κρυερὸν γὰρ οὐκ ἤλυξεν μόρον, ὠκεῖα δέ νιν φλὸξ κατεδαίσατο, δαλοῦ περθομένου ματρὸς ὑπʼ αἰνᾶς κακομηχάνου. | As for the story concerning the torch, namely that it was given by the Fates to Althaea and that Meleager was fated not to meet his end until the torch had been consumed by fire, and that Althaea, driven by her anger, burned it up—Phrynichus, son of Polyphradmon, was the first to depict this story in his drama, the "Pleuronian Women": | The sentence recounts the myth of the torch given by the Fates to Althaea and Meleager's fate, and it also states a historical-literary fact that Phrynichus first depicted this story in drama. |
| 10.31.4 | 2 | mythic | other | οὐ μὴν φαίνεταί γε ὁ Φρύνιχος προαγαγὼν τὸν λόγον ἐς πλέον ὡς εὕρημα ἄν τις οἰκεῖον, προσαψάμενος δὲ αὐτοῦ μόνον ἅτε ἐς ἅπαν ἤδη διαβεβοημένου τὸ Ἑλληνικόν. | "For he did not escape his chilling fate, But swift flame consumed him, When the torch was destroyed by his wickedly scheming mother." | This is an authorial comment about Phrynichus' wording and fame, not a mythic or historical event in itself. |
| 10.31.5 | 1 | mythic | other | ἐν δὲ τοῖς κάτω τῆς γραφῆς μετὰ τὸν Θρᾷκά εἰσι Θάμυριν Ἕκτωρ μὲν καθεζόμενος. | In the lower part of the picture, after the Thracian Thamyris, sits Hector. | Purely a pictorial location note identifying figures in the picture; it does not narrate any myth or historical event. |
| 10.31.5 | 4 | mythic | other | ἐπικέκλιται δὲ τὸ πρόσωπον ἐπὶ τὰς χεῖρας ἀμφοτέρας ὁ Σαρπηδών, ἡ δὲ ἑτέρα τῶν χειρῶν τοῦ Μέμνονος ἐπὶ τῷ ὤμῳ τοῦ Σαρπηδόνος κεῖται. | Sarpedon is leaning forward, with his face resting upon both his hands, while one of Memnon's hands rests upon Sarpedon's shoulder. | Pure physical description of the figures' poses; no mythic or historical assertion in itself. |
| 10.31.6 | 2 | mythic | other | Μεμνονίδες ταῖς ὄρνισίν ἐστιν ὄνομα, | these birds are called Memnonides. | Only gives the birds' name; it does not narrate the Memnon myth or any historical event. |
| 10.31.7 | 2 | historical | both | ἀφίκετο μέντοι ἐς Ἴλιον οὐκ ἀπʼ Αἰθιοπίας ἀλλὰ ἐκ Σούσων τῶν Περσικῶν καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Χοάσπου ποταμοῦ, τὰ ἔθνη πάντα ὅσα ᾤκει μεταξὺ ὑποχείρια πεποιημένος· | He came to Troy, however, not from Ethiopia but from Susa in Persia and from the river Choaspes, having subdued all the peoples inhabiting the lands in between. | The sentence attributes a journey to Troy and conquest of peoples to a named figure in a legendary-historical frame; it asserts mythic/heroic action and also references a Persian ruler and imperial subjugation. |
| 10.31.7 | 3 | historical | other | Φρύγες δὲ καὶ τὴν ὁδὸν ἔτι ἀποφαίνουσι διʼ ἧς τὴν στρατιὰν ἤγαγε τὰ ἐπίτομα ἐκλεγόμενος τῆς χώρας· | Indeed, the Phrygians even still point out the road along which he led his army, selecting the shortest routes through the countryside. | A route note about the road he led his army along; it does not itself assert mythic or historical content beyond locating the path. |
| 10.31.8 | 1 | mythic | other | ὑπὲρ δὲ τὸν Σαρπηδόνα τε καὶ Μέμνονα, ἔστιν ὑπὲρ αὐτοὺς ὁ Πάρις οὐκ ἔχων πω γένεια. | Above Sarpedon and Memnon stands Paris, depicted still beardless. | This is a physical description of a depicted figure and relative placement in an artwork, not a mythic narrative or historical assertion. |
| 10.31.8 | 2 | other | mythic | κροτεῖ δὲ ταῖς χερσίν, οἷος ἂν γένοιτο ἀνδρὸς ἀγροίκου κρότος· ἐοικέναι τὸν Πάριν φήσεις τῷ ψόφῳ τῶν χειρῶν Πενθεσίλειαν παρʼ αὑτὸν καλοῦντι. | He is clapping his hands, producing a sound like that which might be made by a rustic fellow; from the clapping noise of his hands, you might suppose that Paris is summoning Penthesileia, who is portrayed beside him. | The sentence explicitly mentions Paris and Penthesileia in a mythic scene; it describes a mythic figure summoning another, with no historical content. |
| 10.31.8 | 4 | mythic | other | τὸ δὲ σχῆμά ἐστι τῇ Πενθεσιλείᾳ παρθένος τόξον ἔχουσα τοῖς Σκυθικοῖς ἐμφερὲς καὶ παρδάλεως δέρμα ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων. | Penthesileia is represented as a maiden; she holds a bow like those of Scythian type and wears the skin of a leopard across her shoulders. | Pure physical description of Penthesileia’s representation and attire; no mythic event or historical assertion. |
| 10.31.10 | 3 | other | mythic | ἐδήλωσε δέ μοι τὰ πρότερα τοῦ λόγου φάναι τοὺς Ἀρκάδας Νομίαν εἶναι φασὶν ἐπιχώριον νύμφην· τὰς νύμφας δὲ εἶναι πολὺν μέν τινα ἀριθμὸν βιούσας ἐτῶν, οὐ μέντοι παράπαν γε ἀπηλλαγμένας θανάτου, ποιητῶν ἐστιν ἐς αὐτὰς λόγος. | Regarding Nomia, my previous account made it clear that the Arcadians affirm she is a local nymph; as for the nymphs generally, the poets speak of them as beings who, while living an exceedingly long time, are nevertheless not wholly exempt from death. | The sentence asserts a mythic claim about nymphs: their nature and longevity, with poets as source; no historical content. |
| 10.31.12 | 3 | mythic | other | Ἀρχίλοχος δὲ οὐκ οἶδα εἴτε ἐδιδάχθη παρὰ ἄλλων τὰ ἐς τὸν λίθον εἴτε καὶ αὐτὸς ἐς τὴν ποίησιν ἐσηνέγκατο. | But whether Archilochus learned from others the story of the stone, or introduced it himself into his poetry, I cannot say. | This is an authorial comment about uncertainty over Archilochus' source, not a narration of mythic or historical events. |
| 10.32.1 | 2 | other | historical | ἐπαναβάντι δὲ ἐκ τοῦ περιβόλου Διονύσου δὲ ἄγαλμα ἐνταῦθα Κνιδίων ἐστὶν ἀνάθημα. | Ascending from the enclosure, one finds here a statue of Dionysus, which is a dedication by the Cnidians. | The sentence reports a dedication by the Cnidians, a historical act of dedication; it is otherwise a locating note about a statue. |
| 10.32.4 | 2 | historical | both | ὅτε δὲ ὁ Γαλατῶν στρατὸς ἔφερε καὶ ἦγεν Ἰωνίαν καὶ Ἰωνίας τὰ ὅμορα, οἱ Θεμισωνεῖς φασιν αὑτοῖς Ἡρακλέα βοηθὸν καὶ Ἀπόλλωνα γενέσθαι καὶ Ἑρμῆν· | When the Galatian army was ravaging and overrunning Ionia and the territories adjoining Ionia, the people of Themisonion claim that Heracles, Apollo, and Hermes came to their aid. | The sentence reports a historical Galatian invasion and also a mythic claim that Heracles, Apollo, and Hermes came to aid the people of Themisonion. |
| 10.32.7 | 3 | mythic | other | ἱερὸν δὲ αὐτὸ οἱ περὶ τὸν Παρνασσὸν Κωρυκίων τε εἶναι Νυμφῶν καὶ Πανὸς μάλιστα ἥγηνται. | The dwellers near Parnassus hold it to be sacred especially to the Corycian Nymphs and to Pan. | This is a bare statement about local belief that the place is sacred to the Corycian Nymphs and Pan; it does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 10.32.7 | 5 | mythic | other | τὰ δὲ νεφῶν τέ ἐστιν ἀνωτέρω τὰ ἄκρα καὶ αἱ Θυιάδες ἐπὶ τούτοις τῷ Διονύσῳ καὶ τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι μαίνονται. | These peaks rise above the clouds, and it is there that the Thyiades revel in their madness, honoring Dionysus and Apollo. | This is a topographic note about peaks and a ritual scene; it names Dionysus and Apollo but does not narrate a myth or historical event. |
| 10.32.8 | 3 | historical | other | διάφορα ἐς τὸ ὄνομα οἶδα τῆς πόλεως Ἡροδότῳ τε εἰρημένα ἐν ἐπιστρατείᾳ τοῦ Μήδου καὶ Βάκιδι ἐν χρησμοῖς. | I know the city has been mentioned by different names both by Herodotus, in his account of the expedition of the Mede, and by Bacis, in his oracles. | This is an authorial cross-reference to Herodotus and Bacis, not narration of mythic or historical events in the sentence itself. |
| 10.32.9 | 1 | historical | other | Βάκις μέν γε Τιθορέας τοὺς ἐνθάδε ἐκάλεσεν ἀνθρώπους· Ἡροδότου δὲ ὁ ἐς αὐτοὺς λόγος ἐπιόντος φησὶ τοῦ βαρβάρου τοὺς ἐνταῦθα οἰκοῦντας ἀναφυγεῖν ἐς τὴν κορυφήν, ὄνομα δὲ Νεῶνα μὲν τῇ πόλει, Τιθορέαν δὲ εἶναι τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ τῇ ἄκρᾳ. | Bacis indeed called the inhabitants of this place "Tithoreans"; but the account of Herodotus concerning them says that, when the barbarian invaded Greece, the inhabitants here fled to the mountain-top; he names their city Neon, and asserts that Tithorea was the summit of Parnassus. | This sentence is an authorial report about names and Herodotus' account, including a route/topographic identification and a historical invasion reference only as reported speech; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a post-500 BC historical event. |
| 10.32.10 | 4 | mythic | other | καὶ ἐς μνήμην Ἀντιόπης μνῆμά ἐστι καὶ Φώκου. | there are also the tombs of Antiope and Phocus. | Bare notice of tombs existing and located here; it does not narrate any mythic deed or historical event. |
| 10.32.12 | 1 | mythic | other | σταδίοις δὲ ἀπωτέρω Τιθορέας ἑβδομήκοντα ναός ἐστιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ, καλεῖται δὲ Ἀρχαγέτας· τιμὰς δὲ παρὰ αὐτῶν ἔχει Τιθορέων καὶ ἐπʼ ἴσης παρὰ Φωκέων τῶν ἄλλων. | Seventy stades distant from Tithorea there is a temple of Asclepius, called Archagetas ("The Founder"); the people of Tithorea pay honors to him, as do the rest of the Phokians equally. | Bare location of a temple and note of honors paid; no mythic narrative or historical event asserted in this sentence. |
| 10.32.17 | 3 | mythic | other | καί οἱ πάντα ἀνάπλεα εἰδώλων φαίνεσθαι, καὶ ἀναστρέψαι μὲν αὐτὸν ἐς τὴν Τιθορέαν, διηγησάμενον δὲ ἃ ἐθεάσατο ἀφεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν. | And the sanctuary appeared to him filled completely with phantoms, and when he returned to Tithorea and recounted what he had seen, he immediately gave up his life. | This sentence reports a visionary experience and his death, but does not itself assert a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.32.18 | 5 | mythic | other | τὸ ἔπος οὖν ἀληθεύειν ἔοικε τὸ Ὁμήρου, σὺν οὐδενὶ αἰσίῳ τοὺς θεοὺς τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐναργῶς ὁρᾶσθαι. | It seems, therefore, that Homer's statement holds true—there is never any fortune for humanity in seeing the gods face to face. | Authorial comment on Homer and a general statement about seeing gods; no narrated mythic deed or historical event. |
| 10.33.1 | 4 | other | historical | Λέδων δʼ οὖν ὄνομα ταῖς οἰκήσεσίν ἐστιν αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐς τὸν Φωκέων σύλλογον κοινὸν τελεῖν ἠξίωνται καὶ οὗτοι, καθάπερ γε καὶ οἱ Πανοπεῖς. | Their settlement is still called Ledon, and these people, like those of Panopeus, are admitted into the common assembly of the Phokians and participate in their sacrifices. | States a civic institution: admission into the Phokian assembly and participation in sacrifices. |
| 10.33.1 | 6 | other | mythic | καὶ τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς λαβεῖν τὴν πόλιν φασὶν αὐτόχθονος. | They say that the city took its name from a native-born man. | A naming legend: the city is said to have taken its name from an autochthonous man, which is mythic etiology. |
| 10.33.2 | 2 | historical | both | ἐς τελέαν δὲ ἀπώλειαν ὤλισθον Ἴλιον μὲν διὰ τὴν ἐς Μενέλαον ὕβριν τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου, Μιλήσιοι δὲ διὰ τὸ ἐς τὰς ἐπιθυμίας Ἑστιαίου πρόχειρον καὶ ἔρωτα ἄλλοτε μὲν τῆς ἐν Ἠδωνοῖς πόλεως, τοτὲ δὲ εἶναι Δαρείου σύμβουλον, ἄλλοτε δὲ ἐπανήκειν ἐς Ἰωνίαν· | Entire destruction befell Ilium through Alexander's insolence toward Menelaus, and the Milesians as a result of Histiaeus's readiness to indulge his desires—his eagerness at times for the city in Edonian territory, at others to serve as an adviser to Darius, and at another moment to return to Ionia. | The sentence asserts the destruction of Ilium through Alexander's insult to Menelaus, a mythic episode, and also refers to Histiaeus, Darius, and the Milesians in a historical context. |
| 10.33.8 | 2 | other | historical | Ἀμφικτύονες γὰρ Πύθια ἐτίθεσαν πρῶτον, καὶ Αἰχμέας Παραποτάμιος πυγμὴν ἐνίκησεν ἐν παισίν· | For it was the Amphictyons who first established the Pythian contests, and Aechmeas of Parapotamii was victorious in boys' boxing. | States a historical institutional fact about the Amphictyons establishing the Pythian contests and records a victory by a named athlete. |
| 10.34.3 | 2 | historical | other | συμφοραὶ δὲ αἱ μὲν πρὸς Φωκέας τοὺς ἄλλους γεγόνασί σφισιν ἐν κοινῷ, τὰς δὲ καὶ ἰδίᾳ τοῖς Ἐλατεῦσιν ἐκ Μακεδόνων παρεσκεύασεν ὁ δαίμων. | Some calamities befell the Elateans in common with the other Phokians, but the deity also brought upon them their own private misfortunes through the Macedonians. | This is a general statement about misfortunes caused by a deity, not a specific mythic narrative or historical event. |
| 10.34.5 | 4 | historical | other | ἐν Ἐλατείᾳ δὲ κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ δρομέως Μνησιβούλου χαλκοῦς ἕστηκεν ἀνδριάς. | At Elateia, there stands by the road a bronze statue of the runner Mnesiboulos. | Bare notice of a statue's location; it names a historical runner but does not assert any biographical or historical event. |
| 10.34.6 | 6 | historical | mythic | ταύτην τὴν θεὸν λέγουσιν ἀμῦναί σφισιν ἐπὶ τοὺς ὁμοῦ Ταξίλῳ βαρβάρους. | They say that this goddess defended them against the barbarians who accompanied Taxilus. | The sentence attributes a protective deed to a goddess, which is mythic content; it does not itself assert a historical event. |
| 10.35.2 | 3 | historical | other | καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα οἵ τε ἐν τῇ Ἁλιαρτίᾳ ναοὶ καὶ Ἀθηναίοις τῆς Ἥρας ἐπὶ ὁδῷ τῇ Φαληρικῇ καὶ ὁ ἐπὶ Φαληρῷ τῆς Δήμητρος καὶ κατʼ ἐμὲ ἔτι ἡμίκαυτοι μένουσι. | It is for this reason that the temples in the region of Haliartus, as well as the shrines of Hera at Athens along the road to Phalerum, and of Demeter at Phalerum itself, still remained partly burnt even to my day. | Bare notice that temples/shrines existed and were partly burnt; no mythic narrative or historical event is asserted in this sentence. |
| 10.35.8 | 4 | historical | mythic | ὅτι δὲ τῷ Πετεῷ τὸ πολὺ ἐκ τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Στιρέων ἠκολούθησεν, ἐπὶ τούτῳ κληθῆναι τὴν πόλιν Στῖριν. | Because the majority of those who followed Peteos belonged to the deme of Stiria, the city was thus named Stiris. | Explains a city-name origin from followers of Peteos, a mythic/heroic foundation etiology. |
| 10.36.5 | 2 | mythic | other | ἀναβάντι δὲ ὅσον δύο στάδια ὁμαλές τε χωρίον καὶ ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ Δικτυνναίας ἐπίκλησιν ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος. | After ascending about two stades, you find level ground, and on the right side of the road is a sanctuary of Artemis, surnamed Dictynna. | A route note locating a sanctuary on the road; it does not narrate myth or history. |
| 10.36.8 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐν δὲ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ χειρὶ τρίαινά ἐστιν αὐτῷ. | In the other hand he holds a trident. | This is a physical description of an object held in a hand; it does not itself narrate mythic or historical content. |
| 10.36.9 | 5 | other | historical | αὕτη δὲ ἐν τοῖς Ἠλείων γράμμασι παρεῖται μόνη πασῶν ἡ Ὀλυμπιάς. | This Olympiad alone of all is omitted from the records of the Eleans. | The sentence asserts a record-keeping fact about an Olympiad being omitted from Eleian records, which is historical/institutional rather than mythic. |
| 10.37.5 | 1 | mythic | other | τὸ δὲ πεδίον τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Κίρρας ψιλόν ἐστιν ἅπαν, καὶ φυτεύειν δένδρα οὐκ ἐθέλουσιν ἢ ἔκ τινος ἀρᾶς ἢ ἀχρεῖον τὴν γῆν ἐς δένδρων τροφὴν εἰδότες. | The plain extending from Kirra is entirely bare, as they do not wish to plant trees there, either due to some curse or because they know the land is useless for nurturing trees. | This is a topographic/physical description of the plain and a speculative explanation for why trees are not planted; it does not narrate a mythic or historical event. |
| 10.37.5 | 2 | other | mythic | λέγεται δὲ ἐς τὴν Κίρραν καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Κίρρας τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν τεθῆναι τῷ χωρίῳ φασίν. | It is said that the contemporary name given to this place derives both from Kirra itself and from naming it after Kirra. | This sentence gives a naming/derivation legend for the place from Kirra, which is mythic/etiological content; it is not post-500 BCE historical. |
| 10.37.5 | 4 | historical | other | χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον οἱ ἐν τῇ Κίρρᾳ ἄλλα τε ἠσέβησαν ἐς τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα καὶ ἀπέτεμνον τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς χώρας. | Later, however, the inhabitants of Kirra committed acts of impiety against Apollo and appropriated land belonging to the god. | This sentence reports impious behavior by the people of Kirra and land appropriation, which is a historical/ethical claim but not a mythic narrative or a post-500 BCE historical event. |
| 10.37.8 | 3 | mythic | other | ἡ δὲ Ἀδράστεια ἵδρυται μὲν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ σφίσι, μεγέθει δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἀποδέουσα ἀγαλμάτων ἐστίν. | Adrasteia is also set up there among them, but her statue is smaller in scale compared to the others. | This is only a location/physical description of Adrasteia's statue and its size; it does not narrate myth or history. |
| 10.38.5 | 3 | mythic | other | ἐν δὲ τῇ ἀκροπόλει ναός σφισιν Ἀθηνᾶς καὶ ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν χαλκοῦ πεποιημένον, κομισθῆναι δὲ ὑπὸ Θόαντός φασιν αὐτὴν ἐξ Ἰλίου καὶ εἶναι λαφύρων τῶν ἐκ Τροίας· | On the acropolis is a temple of Athena, with a bronze statue set upright; they claim that Thoas brought the image from Ilium, and that it formed part of the spoils from Troy. | This sentence only locates a temple and statue and reports their claimed provenance; it does not itself narrate a mythic deed or a historical event. |
| 10.38.6 | 2 | other | historical | ἐδήλωσα δὲ ἐν τοῖς προτέροις τοῦ λόγου Σαμίους Ῥοῖκον Φιλαίου καὶ Θεόδωρον Τηλεκλέους εἶναι τοὺς εὑρόντας χαλκὸν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον τῆξαι· | I mentioned earlier in my account that the Samians Rhoecus, son of Philaeus, and Theodorus, son of Telecles, were the first to discover how to melt bronze with the utmost precision; | Names historical individuals and attributes a technological discovery to them; this is biographical/historical content, not mythic. |
| 10.38.6 | 3 | historical | other | καὶ ἐχώνευσαν οὗτοι πρῶτοι. | and these men were the first who cast statues. | States a technological/historical priority about casting statues, but not a specific post-500 BCE event or biography; no mythic content. |
| 10.38.13 | 2 | mythic | both | νοσήσαντι γάρ οἱ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ οὐ πολὺ ἀποδέον τυφλῷ ὁ ἐν Ἐπιδαύρῳ πέμπει θεὸς Ἀνύτην τὴν ποιήσασαν τὰ ἔπη φέρουσαν σεσημασμένην δέλτον. | Originally, a private citizen named Phalysios had built it; for when he had become afflicted in his eyes and was almost blind, the god at Epidaurus sent to him Anyte, the poetess, carrying a sealed tablet. | The sentence says the god at Epidaurus sent Anyte, a mythic/divine action, and also identifies Phalysios as a private citizen who built the object, a historical agent. |